基于激光烧蚀的等离子体羽辉膨胀动力学机制研究

重点讨论了脉冲激光烧蚀技术中,在考虑等离子体电离效应时等离子体的空间动力学演化特征.首先将等离子体视为可压缩理想气体,根据局域质量守恒和动量守恒,给出了在柱面坐标系下的等离子体压力与空间数密度的变化规律.在此基础上,结合适当的边界条件,用解析法进行求解,得到了在考虑等离子体电离效应时的一组新的动力学演化方程.分析结果表明,电离度会使等离子体的速度沿各个方向都得到加速,等离子体的内部速度具有自相似表达形式.     

飞秒激光烧蚀透明材料特性

飞秒激光的超短超强特性使它在烧蚀透明材料的机制上与长脉冲有着本质的区别,飞秒激光的烧蚀闽值由导带内的自由电子数确定,在多光子电离和雪崩电离的基础上,模拟计算出不同脉冲宽度下,融石英的烧蚀闽值。     

激光等离子体相互作用下高次谐波特性研究

相对论激光与等离子体相互作用中形成的纳米电子束在强激光场中的相干同步辐射是产生相干极紫外线和X射线辐射的独特方式.相对论激光脉冲的宽度和等离子体的各种参数决定了产生单个阿秒脉冲还是阿秒脉冲串.在激光脉冲持续时间只有少数几个光学周期下,其载波包络相位对阿秒脉冲有重要影响.通过控制载波包络相位在合适的范围,可以得到孤立阿秒脉冲.除了驱动激光的载波包络相位,等离子体密度分布梯度和等离子体厚度也会影响阿秒脉冲的特性.     

强激光脉冲在部分离化等离子体中的自聚焦

采用变分法推导出有限长激光脉冲在部分离化等离子体中的参数演化方程,其中包含群速度色散和自相位调制的影响,通过分析焦斑半径和脉冲宽度满足的耦合方程,详细讨论了等离子体密度对激光脉冲传播特性影响。研究结果表明:在部分离化等离子体中,对于给定强度的激光脉冲,随着等离子体密度增大,自相位调制会进一步增强激光脉冲的自聚焦;当等离子体密度增大时,激光脉冲传播频率由负向啁啾变化转变为正向啁啾频率变化,而且随着传播距离增大,激光脉冲红移减小而蓝移增大。研究结果对有限长激光脉冲电离诱导自注入加速电子的方案具有理论指导意义。     

超短激光脉冲在非均匀等离子体中的传输特性

用一维粒子模拟研究了超短激光脉冲在非均匀等离子体中传输时产生的光孤子结构和脉冲的分裂现象.比较了不同的激光强度和等离子体密度梯度对脉冲传播的影响.研究表明:超短激光脉冲在非均匀等离子体中传播时能产生传输的类孤子结构;随着入射激光强度的增大,等离子体对激光的反射密度反而减小,孤子脉冲的平均传播速度也减小;随着等离子体密度梯度的增大,等离子体对激光的反射密度变大,孤子脉冲的平均传播速度减小,孤子脉冲传播到高密度梯度的等离子体区域时,发生了全反射,反射的孤子脉冲在传播过程中由于能量的损失,低频脉冲被等离子体俘获,形成后孤子,而高频脉冲则继续传播,使得脉冲分裂.     

高次谐波与阿秒脉冲的回顾与展望

高次谐波产生(High-order Harmonic Generation,HHG)使激光脉冲脉宽突破到阿秒量级成为可能.2001年第一次在实验上利用高次谐波产生的方法获得了650 as的脉冲,揭开了阿秒时代的序幕.根据介质的不同大致可以分为气体高次谐波、固体体材料高次谐波和固体等离子体高次谐波.气体高次谐波经过了二十多年已经发展得很成熟,并能通过气体高次谐波获得最短43 as的脉冲.固体体材料高次谐波和固体等离子体高次谐波因为转化效率高、光子能量高等独特优势已经成为产生阿秒脉冲的研究热点.本文主要介绍了高次谐波的发展历史,气体高次谐波、固体体材料高次谐波和固体等离子体高次谐波的发展现状以及阿秒脉冲测量和表征技术的发展,并对未来的发展趋势进行了总结展望.     

相对论长脉冲激光在非均匀等离子体中的传播特性

通过解析和数值方法研究了相对论长脉冲激光在非均匀等离子体中的传播.首先,得到了激光脉冲在均匀等离子体中传播的解析解,并通过数值模拟进行了验证.结果表明,长脉冲激光在均匀等离子体中传播时,脉冲宽度的变化不影响激光强度空间分布的变化;然而,激光脉冲的强度和电子密度的空间分布可以通过调制等离子体频率来调节.在具有高斯型密度分...     

e-P等离子体中超强激光脉冲的分裂及类多孤子结构的形成

通过推导并数值求解超强线极化脉冲激光在正负电子对（e-p）等离子体中传播时所满足的非线性Schr6dinger方程,讨论了超强线极化脉冲激光在e-p等离子体中的传播特性。结果表明,传播过程中真空极化和磁化产生的非线性效应与群速度色散之间的竞争能导致高斯型脉冲激光的自压缩,对长脉冲,这种竞争能使脉冲在压缩后又会产生分裂,最终导致类多孤子结构的形成。     

基于光电子成像技术的碘甲烷多光子电离行为

利用飞秒光电子成像技术研究了碘甲烷在超短激光脉冲场中的多光子电离解离行为.实验获得了碘甲烷分子在400 nm飞秒激光作用下的飞行时间质谱以及电离产生的光电子影像.实验结果表明,在超短脉冲激光场中,分子的电离通常是非共振电离,电离产物主要为母体离子和极少量的碎片离子.从光电子成像中获得的光电子平动能分布可以得到电离产生的电子p_1(2. 03 eV)和p_2(2. 67 eV)分别来源于母体离子的基态和激发态.从光电子成像中获得的角度分布可以推测出,光电子峰p_1和p_2可以分别近似看做单光子电离和双光子电离过程,且光电子散射角度趋于各向同性分布.     

用于自由基诊断的分子束飞行时间质谱仪的研制

为对等离子体中间自由基物种进行质谱诊断,设计一种利用激光,电高技术对大气压脉冲放电等离子体中性自由基进行电离再由分子束飞行时闻(MB-TOF)质谱诊断的实验装置,并通过该装置对C6H6/Ar脉冲放电等离子体进行实验研究,测得C4H2、C4H9、C5H5和C6H3等许多自由基物种.实验结果表明,MB-TOF可以诊断等离子体中的自由基.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with