枸杞蜂花粉多糖超声波提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

为确定枸杞蜂花粉多糖的最佳提取工艺,采用Box-Behnken试验设计,以提取得率为考察指标,优化超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的工艺,并研究了优化提取工艺条件下多糖的体外抗氧化活性。实验结果表明,超声辅助提取枸杞蜂花粉多糖的优化工艺为:料液比(g/mL)1∶25、提取温度90℃、超声功率240W、超声时间20min,多糖的得率为0.89%~0.91%,与预测值结果相符,表明模型拟合良好、优化工艺可行。体外抗氧化活性实验表明,枸杞蜂花粉多糖有较好的DPPH自由基和ABTS⁺自由基清除能力,但FRAP值较低。研究结果可为枸杞蜂花粉多糖的开发利用提供一定依据。     

面包树树叶类黄酮提取工艺优化及抗氧化性评价

为探究面包树(Artocarpus altilis)树叶类黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件,本研究以面包树树叶为原料,乙醇为提取剂,采用常温提取法、回流提取法、超声波辅助提取法3种方法进行提取,得到最佳提取方法;在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析法优化提取工艺,并评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇体积分数86.15%、固液比1∶8.3 (g/mL)、提取温度74.03℃、超声时间71.33 min,类黄酮得率为8.87%,含量为0.93 mg/mL。类黄酮对DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀)值为0.23 mg/mL,对ABTS⁺自由基的IC₅₀值为0.024 mg/mL。上述工艺条件能有效提取面包树树叶中的类黄酮成分,其具有较强的自由基清除能力,为面包树树叶类黄酮资源的开发与利用提供了参考。     

汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C抗氧化及抑菌活性的协同作用

采用DPPH·和ABTS⁺·方法研究了汉中仙毫茶多酚与维生素C(VC)体外抗氧化活性的协同作用,采用二倍稀释法和牛津杯法研究了茶多酚与VC混合物对大肠杆菌的抑菌作用。茶多酚与VC的混合物[m(茶多酚)∶m(VC)=1∶1,1∶2,2∶1]具有较强的DPPH·清除能力,其EC₅₀值低于茶多酚和VC；并且混合物中VC所占比例越高,EC₅₀值就越低。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1混合物对ABTS⁺·的EC₅₀值略低于VC。基于体外抗氧化活性与样品浓度之间量效关系构建的数学模型具有较高的拟合度。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的1∶1和2∶1混合物对大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度分别为38和46mg·mL-1。m(茶多酚)与m(VC)的2∶1混合物的抑菌圈直径较大,其抑菌活性略高于茶多酚。茶多酚与VC以特定比例混合后,自由基清除能力有所提高,并且抑菌活性有明显的提升。     

不同冲泡条件下的槐米茶茶汤对ABTS阳离子自由基的清除作用

为探究槐米茶的最佳冲泡条件及槐米茶茶汤对ABTS阳离子自由基(ABTS⁺·)的清除作用，以市场上主要的两种槐米茶(广西槐米茶和山西槐米茶)为原料，结合单因素试验与响应面试验进行研究。结果表明：在1∶40 (g/mL)的茶水比例下90℃的纯净水冲泡1次、冲泡3 min得到的广西槐米茶茶汤效果最佳；在1∶40 (g/mL)的茶水比例下90℃的纯净水冲泡1次、冲泡5 min得到的山西槐米茶茶汤效果最佳。在最佳冲泡条件下进行3次平行试验验证，广西槐米茶茶汤与山西槐米茶茶汤的ABTS^＋·清除率分别为(45.61±1.62)%和(37.89±1.02)%,与响应面预测值相近，说明两种槐米茶茶汤模型拟合度较好。在此条件下冲泡的槐米茶茶汤对ABTS^＋·的清除作用最佳。本研究为槐米茶产业的发展提供了一定的理论参考。     

大孔吸附树脂提取粗壮女贞苦丁茶总黄酮及抗氧化活性

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦丁茶总黄酮的最佳工艺及黄酮化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂法获得总黄酮.利用紫外分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮不同浓度下在体外对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力.结果:大孔吸附树脂提取最佳工艺为上样流速为3 mL/min,上样浓度为1.2 mg/mL,其黄酮类化合物在体外抗氧化的能力包括ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,在不同浓度下的最大清除能力分别为88.65%、87.94%、89.11%和73.21%.结论:总黄酮对4种自由基有良好的清除效果.     

苦荞的多糖与黄酮回流提取工艺优化及其配制酒的体外抗氧化性

为配合苦荞配制酒产品开发,以多糖、黄酮提取率为考察指标,在单因素实验基础上,利用响应面法优化回流提取苦荞多糖、黄酮的工艺条件,并对苦荞配制酒与回流提取物的抗氧化活性进行研究。结果表明：苦荞粗多糖和总黄酮最佳提取条件为提取温度82 ℃、提取时间123 min、液料比12∶1（mL∶g）,苦荞多糖、黄酮提取率分别为0.184 0%、6.691 1%,与模型预测值基本相符。将回流提取物与基酒进行勾调、过滤、分装,得到苦荞配制酒。体外抗氧化实验表明：苦荞配制酒的DPPH自由基清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和总抗氧化能力分别为36.53%、32.71%、1.46 U·mL^-1;苦荞回流提取物对DPPH和ABTS自由基的清除作用显著,清除率分别为90.01%、35.65%,总抗氧化活力为3.61 U·mL^-1,表明苦荞配制酒和回流提取物均具有一定的抗氧化活性。     

不同产地大果山楂总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性

为测定不同产地大果山楂总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性,选用广西、广东10种不同产地的大果山楂鲜果,采用回流提取法和超声提取法对大果山楂总黄酮进行提取;对可见分光光度法进行方法学考察,并采用DPPH自由基清除法和氧自由基吸收法来评价大果山楂体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,超声提取法耗时短、效率高、操作简便,优于回流提取法,适用于大果山楂总黄酮的提取;芦丁在0.008—0.064 mg/mL范围内线性关系良好,R²=0.998 3,平均加样回收率为99.78%（RSD=1.07%）,表明可见分光光度法适用于大果山楂总黄酮含量测定;10种产地大果山楂总黄酮含量存在显著差异（P<0.05）,其中广西靖西市大果山楂总黄酮含量高达38.61 mg/g,大部分产地的大果山楂总黄酮含量为20.91—32.63 mg/g。体外抗氧化活性结果表明,不同产地大果山楂总黄酮提取液均具有良好的DPPH自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力,以广西靖西市大果山楂总黄酮提取液体外抗氧化效果最佳,其DPPH自由基清除能力的半数清除浓度IC₅₀=（0.048±0.006）mg/mL,氧自由基吸收能力为（39.35±0.42）mg TE/g FW。本研究为大果山楂的原料、产品质量控制,以及功能性食品的开发利用提供一定的理论基础。     

地黄功能因子提取物体外抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性研究

通过体外试验，探讨了DHTW抗氧化活性及α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制活性，为地黄降糖功能因子的开发利用提供理论依据.采用紫外分光光度法(UV)测定DHTW清除DPPH、ABTS等自由基的能力，利用酶标仪测定DHTW抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性.结果表明：(1)DHTW均具有抗氧化活性，质量浓度在0～6 mg/mL内，随着浓度的增加，抗氧化活性也不断增加，当溶液达到一定浓度后，抗氧化性趋于稳定.(2)DHTW的DPPH自由基清除能力IC₅₀值分别为：醇洗脱物DHY(0.087 mg/mL)、粗提物DHC(2.987 mg/mL)、水洗脱物DHS(3.024 mg/mL)，故自由基清除能力表现为：DHY>DHC>DHS.(3)DHTW的ABTS自由基清除能力IC₅₀值分别为：DHY(0.137 mg/mL)、DHC(1.463 mg/mL)、DHS(2.168 mg/mL),ABTS自由基清除率表现为：DHY>DHC>DHS.(4)DHTW对α-葡萄糖苷酶均有明显的抑制作用，其中，DHY有较明显的抑制能力，α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性明显优...     

见血青总生物碱的抑菌活性和抗氧化性研究

采用滤纸片法,以12种细菌和4种真菌为试供菌种,对见血青总生物碱进行体外抑菌活性实验;并通过DPPH法测定见血青总生物碱清除自由基能力. 抑菌实验结果表明:见血青总生物碱对16种微生物的生长均有很强的抑制性.抗氧化实验表明,见血青总生物碱在0.5～100 μg/mL的实验浓度范围内具有很强的清除DPPH自由基的活性,清除率为5%～93.5%,其清除DPPH自由基的活性显著高于同等浓度的BHT.     

见血青总皂苷体外溶血与抗氧化活性研究

利用溶血与凝聚检查法检测见血青总皂苷体外溶血活性, 以及用DPPH自由基法、水杨酸法、邻苯三酚自氧化法研究其体外抗氧化活性.实验结果显示: 总皂苷在012~06 mg/mL范围内未表现出溶血作用, 但出现了红细胞凝聚现象; 对DPPH自由基的清除率与BHT相当, 其IC50值为017 mg/mL; 对羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的清除率较Vc弱, 且在0025~0475 mg/mL浓度范围内变化不大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the