考虑地面沉降约束的地下水模拟优化管理模型

为了解决地面沉降区地下水资源科学管理这一个重要的资源与环境地质问题,基于模拟优化(S-O)模型的思想,建立了考虑地面沉降约束的地下水模拟优化管理模型(SUBGO).模拟模型采用地下水模拟程序MODFLOW-2005中的地面沉降模拟子程序SUB-WT来模拟地面沉降过程.优化模型分别采用遗传算法(GA)和小生境Pareto禁忌遗传混合算法(NPTSGA)分别求解单目标和多目标的优化设计方案.将SUBGO管理模型应用于一个理想场地含水层中地下水开采方案和地面沉降控制的优化设计中,结果表明基于GA的单目标优化和基于NPTSGA的多目标优化均能搜索到全局最优解和全局分布的Pareto最优解,均能够在控制地面沉降的约束条件下,设计合理的地下水开采利用方案.与单目标相比,多目标优化能够为决策者提供多个解作为管理决策方案,同时多目标优化还提高了寻优的计算效率.     

高层建筑荷载、地下水开采与地面沉降耦合研究

针对城市化进程中高层建筑不断增加,由地下水开采和高层建筑荷载叠加作用共同引发的地面沉降问题,以比奥固结理论为基础,结合土体非线性流变理论,将比奥固结理论中的本构关系推广到黏弹塑性,并考虑孔隙度、渗透系数、土体变形参数随有效应力的动态变化关系,建立高层建筑荷载、地下水渗流与地面沉降有限元数值模型,详细研究了地下水开采及高层建筑荷载叠加影响下的地面沉降特征.结果表明:地下水开采和高层建筑荷载叠加作用下的地面沉降存在耦合效应,由地下水开采和高层建筑荷载叠加作用引起的地面沉降值小于同一条件单独抽水和仅存在高层建筑荷载作用下地面沉降值之和.耦合效应随着地下水开采层位埋深的变大而减弱.沉降初期,线性叠加效应明显,随着时间的延长,耦合效应趋于稳定.     

地面沉降对地下水时空响应及其非工程控沉

针对潍北平原地面沉降问题,建立地面沉降流固耦合三维数值模型,从宏观的角度探讨潍北平原在未来一段时间内区域性地面沉降的发展规律,考虑到地下水开采与地面沉降的相互关系,量化地下水开采对其的负面影响.研究结果表明:潍北平原地区沉降漏斗中心主要分布在寿光市营里镇东部和广陵乡北部;保持2019年地下水开采量,潍北平原未来10年内...     

基于过度开采地下水造成地面沉降的探究

近年来，由于工业用水量的不断加大，造成过度开采地下水引发了很多地区出现地面沉降，严重者出现地面塌陷并伴有地裂缝，造成城市基础设施受到严重威胁。本文分析了地下水开采引起地面沉降的机理，基于人与自然协调可持续发展的原则，提出了相关的防治措施。     

地面沉降变形监测的回归分析

地面沉降是普遍存在的地质灾害,毁坏地面建筑设施,对环境和城市建设造成了深刻的影响。通过分析地面沉降的因素,结合地面沉降的监测方法,建立多元回归模型。通过对变形监测数据的处理和回归显著性的检验,为解决地面沉降与地下水开采的冲突提供理论支持。     

基于GMS-SUB的地面沉降数值模拟研究——以太谷东站为例

大规模抽取地下水引起的地面沉降会带来诸多环境灾害和经济损失。为解决地下水开采造成的地面沉降问题,以山西省晋中市太谷东站研究区为例,在地下水渗流理论和太沙基一维固结理论的基础上,利用GMS-SUB模块建立了该研究区三维地下水流与土体垂向一维沉降的水土耦合数值模拟模型,预测研究区2025a 8月的地下水流场和地面沉降趋势,并与经验公式法预测的地面沉降量进行了对比。结果表明,太谷东站在预测期累积地面沉降量最高达到51.2mm,沉降漏斗面积可达10.64km²,数值模拟法在空间上很好地呈现了地面沉降的分布规律,可为地面沉降预测提供参考。     

承压含水层地下水开采流固耦合渗流数学模型

以饱和多孔介质流固耦合渗流数学模型为基础,推导建立了适合描述承压含水层地下水开采过程渗流与地面沉降耦合的二维数学模型。并给出了一承压含水层定产量开采的数值算例,计算得出了渗流场的分布特征和中心位置地面沉降量的变化规律,探讨了流固耦合效应。结果表明,考虑耦合效应与否对于计算结果影响较大,本文模型更能反映流固耦合渗流的物理实质。随着时间增长孔隙压力减小,孔隙压力消散的程度越来越快;含水层内部的流固耦合作用较强,而其边界处因受边界条件约束,耦合效应表现则不够明显。中心沉降量随时间增长而迅速增大,且很快趋于稳定,固结沉降速度之快,说明流固耦合效应影响之大。这对于进一步深入认识因地下水开采而诱发的地面沉降机理及制定相应的防治措施都有重要的理论意义和指导作用。     

地面沉降变形非线性完全耦合数学模型

基于多孔介质有效应力原理的渗流-变形耦合,考虑孔隙度、渗透率非线性变化,建立三维地面沉降变形完全耦合数学模型,并给出了模型的有限差分解法.该模型可以刻画地下水开采、建筑物荷载、基坑降水等作用下的三维地下水渗流场和地层变形位移场,分析地面沉降的三维变化与非线性特征,为地面沉降研究与防治提供技术手段.     

上海陆域地区地下水采灌与地面沉降的时空特征

上海市地面沉降防治已有显著成效,但在空间格局上地表变形的不均匀性较显著,地面沉降防治管理进入了分区管控的新时期.为配合分区管控,利用长时间序列的水位、地下水开采、分层标三类监测数据,结合区域地面沉降模型,探讨地下水采灌与地面沉降的时空特征.上海市经历了两次长时间大范围的地下水开采,每次旋回分别经历开采量从增加到逐渐减少(甚至回灌)两个阶段.第一旋回的时段是1860-1971年,地下水开采于1963年达到年度最大净抽水量,开采集中在核心区的浅部土层,导致了较严重地面沉降.第二旋回的时段是1972年至今,地下水开采于1998年达到年度最大净抽水量,开采层位集中在第四承压含水层.从1998年至2005年,此层逐渐减少地下水开采,未大量回灌,但地下水位抬升显著,说明此层地下水补给条件良好. 2006-2011年间,各土层的压缩已经大幅减小,宝山、嘉定和核心区的深部土层均有回弹,浅部土层虽然没有抬升,但压缩速率较小,最大沉降速率处于浦东区,为2.61 mm·a~(-1).     

太原市地面沉降概述

阐述了太原市的水文地质特征及地下水开采背景,分析了地面沉降的现状及所造成的危害,提出了太原市防治地面沉降的措施。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that