褐马鸡的养殖现状及其对策

褐马鸡是我国的特有珍稀鸟类.由于各种原因,在某些地区褐马鸡种群数量仍在减少.有关研究人员经过探索、研究,在自然繁殖的基础上,进行人工饲养、繁育,并取得了一定的经验.本文通过对其养殖现状的分析,提出了褐马鸡保护对策,旨在总结出经验和方法,为进一步加强保护工作及人工繁育提供科学依据.     

中国褐马鸡的研究现状及其保护措施

褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)是地栖生活的大型森林鸟类,为我国特有珍稀鸟类,国家一级重点保护野生动物,是世界易危鸟类之一,被我国列为濒危物种.结合近年对陕西黄龙山自然保护区褐马鸡的研究,以及已发表的资料,对其种群分布、种群数量、生态生物学、保护生物学等方面作了综述.通过对其生存现状和受胁原因的分析,提出了建立自然保护区、迁地保护、控制当地人口和解决人生存问题等是保护褐马鸡的一些保护措施.     

灵空山褐马鸡种群遗传多样性研究

山西灵空山国家级自然保护区位于太岳山脉中段,近二百年来没有褐马鸡分布的记载和报道,2005年首次发现褐马鸡在此栖息。灵空山褐马鸡地理种群的来源和遗传背景的研究尚属空白。文章采用线粒体DNA分子标记技术,对灵空山褐马鸡种群的遗传多样性、遗传结构、系统发育进行了分析。结果显示:4只个体均获得长度为1 238 bp的mtDNA D-loop全序列以及1 458 bp Cyt b的全序列,分别定义了3个和2个单倍型。两条序列D-loop和Cyt b单倍型多样性(h)平均值分别为0. 833和0.5,核苷酸多样性平均值(π)分别为0.002 83和0.002 06,平均遗传距离分别为0.003和0.002。反映了灵空山自然保护区褐马鸡种群具有较高的单倍型多样性和较低的核苷酸多样性,种群遗传多样性较低。这与该地区褐马鸡的资源现状、分布范围相适应。     

山西芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡繁殖力的研究

１９９５年～１９９７年３月～７月,在山西芦芽山自然保护区,对褐马鸡（Ｃｒｏｓｏｐｔｉｌｏｒｍａｎｔｃｈｕｒｉｃｕｍ）的繁殖力进行了研究。已知其性成熟周期为３６５ｄ,发情与配偶期在每年３月下旬,营巢与产卵期在４月,窝卵数８．０２枚,孵卵期２７±１ｄ,孵化率９６．００％,成活率９６．６７％,每年参加繁殖的个体数占种群数量７６．２０％。繁殖力为２．８５只／年。     

陕西黄龙山自然保护区冬季褐马鸡取食生境的选择

为了解褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)冬季栖息地的特征,2006年11～12月和2007年1月,在陕西黄龙山采用样线法对褐马鸡冬季取食生境选择性做了研究.在选定的8条样线上一共测定了42个利用样方以及96个对照样方的19种生态因子.结果表明,褐马鸡冬季多偏向针叶林、阳坡和半阴半阳坡以及中下坡位.对利用样方和对照样方进行比较,发现褐马鸡冬季的利用样方以海拔低、接近水源和林边、人为干扰距离较近、乔木盖度和密度较小、乔木高度较低、灌木盖度和高度较大和隐蔽级较小为主要特征.主成分分析表明,前7个主成分的累积贡献率已经达到了78.847%,可以较好地反映褐马鸡的生境特征.第1和2主成分具有较大的信息荷载量,说明海拔、坡位、乔木密度、水源距离、人为干扰距离、乔木盖度、乔木高度、乔木胸径、灌丛盖度和灌丛高度等生态因子在生境选择中有重要作用.     

褐马鸡地理种群的遗传多样性研究

从分子遗传学角度对采自陕西省黄龙县和河北小五台山两个地区的褐马鸡种群进行了研究,完成了上述两个地区褐马鸡线粒体控制区的全序列测序,并与GenBank中搜索的马鸡属的其它三个种的同源序列进行比对分析.综合考虑该区域的地质历史背景和本研究得到的上述两地区褐马鸡与蓝马鸡的遗传距离分析,研究认为由于0.15 MaBP黄河切穿三门峡后东流入海以及历史上的人类活动,导致原来连续的褐马鸡分布区域分隔,并逐渐分化成不同的地理种群.研究还指出褐马鸡种群内遗传多样性极低,并建议褐马鸡和蓝马鸡应为同种不同色型.     

郑州城区鸦科Corvidae混群鸟冬季集群栖宿调查

1998-2004年连续6年冬季,在郑州城区进行鸦科Corvidae混群鸟大集群栖宿的调查,共记录该混群鸟5个种群,大集群栖宿数量达10000只以上,显示了郑州城区鸦科Corvidae混群同属鸟类冬季大集群栖宿的季节性和种群数量的多样性与高智力、高密度、大领域、大集群越冬栖宿领域行为及领域回归行为。     

褐马鸡种群结构的研究

本文作者于1982——1988年,在山西庞泉沟国家级自然保护区对褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)种群结构进行了研究,其内容包括了种群性比结构,种群年龄组成。由于该鸟属珍稀濒危物种,不可从野外采集标本收集有关资料,故种群结构的资料和数据,是通过直接剖检观察人工饲养、野外自然死亡者和争偶斗死者得到的。     

山西五鹿山地区褐马鸡集群行为研究

1997和 1998年冬季对山西南部五鹿山地区褐马鸡的集群行为进行了调查 .结果表明 ,在不同的生境类型中 ,褐马鸡集群倾向略有不同 .群体大小在不同的生境中没有显著差异(Kruskal Wallis检验 ,χ2 =2 .2 7,p =0 .32 0 9,n =2 8) .褐马鸡的集群大小存在着月份间的差异 .对集群大小与月温度的相关分析表明 ,两者之间存在着显著的负相关关系 (r =- 0 .8399,p <0 0 5) .通过对五鹿山地区和芦芽山自然保护区褐马鸡的群体大小的比较 ,发现存在显著差异(Mann WhitneyU检验 ,Z =- 3 3959,p =0 0 0 7,n =4 1) ,可能与这 2个地区捕食压力和食物特征不同有关     

杏球蚧发生危害及其寄生蜂的初步研究

对西宁地区杏球蚧的发生危害和其寄生蜂进行了观察。结果表明，西宁地区杏球蚧1年发生1代，以2龄若虫在杏、海棠等的枝条上越冬；6-7月是主要危害期，杏树被害最重，虫枝率达84％。鉴定出7种杏球蚧寄生蜂，其中白蜡虫花翅跳小峰、日本软蚧蚜小蜂、螟蛉裹尸姬小蜂是西宁地区杏球蚧寄生蜂的优势种类，分别占寄生蜂总种群数量的32％、18％、17％。介壳平均寄生率10％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with