A12O3／TiCN陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能及断裂机理研究

用传统的淬火法对A12O3／TiCN陶瓷刀具材料的抗热震性能进行了详细的研究，发现该种陶瓷刀具材料的临界热震温差为320℃；当温差超过320℃时，强度有明显的下降。通过对热震后试样表面的显微观察发现，试样表面出现横向裂纹。理论分析表明第一类和第二类热应力的共同作用是材料热震开裂的原因。     

层状多孔Al2O3/ZrO2陶瓷热机械行为研究

采取凝胶注模工艺层层沉积制备梯度氧化铝/氧化锆多孔陶瓷,研究了层状多孔氧化铝/氧化锆陶瓷的抗热震行为.研究结果表明,同单层多孔陶瓷相比,层状多孔陶瓷表现出更加优良的抗热震性能.临界抗热震温差由气孔率为32%的单层结构的300℃上升到层状结构的500℃,且层状结构多孔陶瓷在温差高达1100℃淬火后剩余强度为30MPa,而单层陶瓷在温差800℃淬火后仅为20MPa.     

多相复合陶瓷刀具材料热压过程的计算机模拟与工艺设计Ⅰ——温度场模拟与工艺设计

建立了陶瓷刀具材料热压过程的传热模型,并以Al2O3／SiC／(W,Ti)C多相复合陶瓷刀具材料为例,通过采用计算机模拟技术对坯体温度场的研究,进行了相应的热压工艺设计．结果表明：升降温速率的大小及烧结前气孔的存在对坯体内温度场影响较大．综合考虑材料性能和制各效率的要求,在本试验条件下,升温速率以0．5～0．75℃／s而降温速率以0．33℃／s为宜．从温度场的角度来看,在陶瓷刀具材料热压成型之前,应先冷压成坯,以提高坯体的初始相对密度,降低热压过程中的温差,改善材料的物理力学性能。     

氧化锆纤维增强的氧化铝陶瓷的抗热震性能

在1 650℃下制备氧化锆纤维增强的氧化铝陶瓷复合材料,研究氧化锆纤维添加量对氧化铝陶瓷抗热震性能的影响。结果表明,在温差为1 400℃的循环空冷条件下,加入氧化锆纤维可以明显提高氧化铝陶瓷的热震次数。当添加纤维质量分数为15%时,复合材料热震次数达到最高为30次,比纯氧化铝陶瓷提高20次;复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别比纯氧化铝陶瓷提高62.2%和38.9%,气孔率为6.71%。复合材料力学性能的提高以及适当的气孔率是其抗热震性提高的主要原因。     

SiC/Ti(C,N)/Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的抗热震性能设计及其切削应用

抗热震性能是结构陶瓷材料的重要性能之一．以抗热震断裂参数表征材料的抗热震性能，采用理论与实验相结合的方法，建立了基于抗热震性能的陶瓷复合材料的组分设计模型，并采用计算机辅助优化设计技术求得材料的最优组分．结果表明：当Ti（C，N）和SiC的体积含量分别为10．4％和27．1％时，该材料具有最高的抗热震性能，比纯氧化铝陶瓷提高约55％．在此基础上，利用热压技术制得一种SiC／Ti（C，N）／Al2O3复合陶瓷材料．将该材料制成切削刀具，并在切削实验中通过设计切削条件使得刀具主要承受热载荷和热应力的作用，从而发生热）中击破损．实验发现，SiC／Ti（C，N）／Al2O3复合陶瓷刀具切削淬火钢时的抗热）中击破损性能较纯Al2O3陶瓷提高约62-68％，与抗热震性能设计的理论预测基本吻合．这表明，该设计方法是可行的．     

表面活性剂对Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷性能的影响

采用三维网状的聚氨酯有机泡沫体作为载体制备Al₂O₃基泡沫陶瓷。选用了不同质量分数的木质素磺酸钙溶液作为表面活性剂对泡沫进行了表面活化,研究表面活性剂加入量对氧化铝基小孔泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能的影响。研究表明:随着活化剂质量分数的增大,试样的抗压强度和热震稳定性先升后降,当活化剂木质素质量分数为1.0%时,泡沫陶瓷性能最好,此时强度达到1.147 MPa,热震循环次数达到11次。     

添加TiC对纳米Si3N4陶瓷热震行为的影响

采用热压烧结法制备含不同质量分数TiC的纳米Si3N4陶瓷材料,研究TiC的添加对其力学性能与热震行为的影响.研究发现适量TiC颗粒的添加提高了纳米Si3N4陶瓷的力学性能,最佳添加量为10%;强度和韧性的提高以及裂纹偏转的存在使纳米Si3N4陶瓷的热震临界温差和热震循环疲劳性能得到改善.     

CuO掺杂对10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷致密化烧结及其力学性能的影响

采用冷压成型和常压烧结工艺制备CuO掺杂10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷,研究CuO掺杂量对10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷的致密度、抗折强度及热震稳定性的影响。结果表明,在1 300℃烧结温度下,掺杂CuO能够有效提高10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷的致密度,其中添加6%CuO试样的相对密度（95.55%）最大;掺杂CuO可大幅提高10NiO-NiFe2O4陶瓷的抗折强度,其中添加8%CuO试样的抗折强度（139MPa）最高,且在800℃下经过1次和3次热循环后,该试样的抗折强度损失率仅分别为5.7%和8.6%,表现出良好的抗热震性能。     

镁合金表面反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层制备及性能

采用SHS反应火焰喷涂技术,把Al-CuO系铝热剂引入到喷涂材料中,在AZ91D表面成功制备了Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层.试验结果表明,SHS反应热喷涂层抗热震性明显优于普通热喷涂层,热震次数可达40次左右,若辅以Ni-Al打底,喷后重熔工艺可使涂层热震到50次时仍完好无损;喷涂试样耐蚀性随着致密性的增大而提高,反应热喷涂层耐蚀性比基体提高36倍;Ni-Al打底,喷后重熔后可提高至基体的160倍:清漆封孔后几乎不发生腐蚀,耐蚀性最好.     

黏土加入量对Al_2O_3基泡沫陶瓷过滤器性能的影响

采用有机泡沫浸渍制备Al2O3基泡沫陶瓷,研究黏土加入量对陶瓷性能的影响。研究结果表明:随着黏土含量的增加,试样的热震稳定性先升后降,抗压强度先升后降、又略有上升。黏土质量分数为6%时,泡沫陶瓷性能最好,此时抗压强度为1.70 MPa,热震循环次数为12次。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-