我国黄海浒苔绿潮暴发海域环境因子季节性变化及年际变化分析

【目的】掌握环境因子与浒苔绿潮之间的相互影响关系,为绿潮形成机制研究和半岛绿潮灾害防治提供科学资料。【方法】通过整理收集浒苔绿潮暴发重点海域的历史数据和现场调查数据,系统分析浒苔绿潮暴发期间以及浒苔绿潮暴发前后关键环境因子(温度、盐度、pH值、溶解氧DO、无机氮、磷酸盐和叶绿素a)的季节性变化、年际变化。【结果】南黄海海域表层海水温度2—8月份呈上升趋势,年际变化不大;盐度季节性和年际变化幅度不大;pH值2—8月份呈现先下降后升高再下降的趋势,历年来2月份呈上升趋势,8月份呈下降趋势;DO浓度2—8月份呈现先下降后升高再下降的趋势,年际变化很小;无机氮浓度2—8月份呈现先上升后下降的趋势,历年来2月份比较稳定,8月份呈下降趋势;磷酸盐季节性变化无规律,年际变化不大;浒苔绿潮暴发期间底层海水叶绿素a浓度高于表、中层。【结论】表层海水温度、盐度和无机氮都适宜于浒苔的生长,这是导致浒苔发生发展,乃至导致绿潮发生的区域环境因素;浒苔绿潮与DO、磷酸盐关系不明显;浒苔暴发导致浮游植物的生长受到极大限制。     

广西北部湾近岸海域近20年赤潮灾害特征分析

本研究对广西北部湾近岸海域2002-2021年发生的20次赤潮灾害进行综合分析,结果表明：近20年广西近岸海域赤潮平均每年发生1次,发生面积约为384 km²,持续时间为3.65 d,主要集中在春夏季,近10年(2012-2021年)相对前10年(2002-2011年)赤潮发生面积增加(18倍)。引发赤潮的生物种类共有10种,其中次数最多的是球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa),其次是夜光藻(Noctiluca scintillans)、水华微囊藻(Microcystis flos-aquae)和红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum),但近10年不断有新的赤潮藻种出现。赤潮发生总数中,有毒或有害赤潮11次,分别为球形棕囊藻4次,夜光藻和水华微囊藻各3次,链状裸甲藻(Gymnodinium catenatum)1次。广西近岸海域赤潮发生的分布范围广,2008年以前主要发生在北海市涠洲岛海域,2008年以后钦州市三娘湾和三墩岛海域、北海市廉州湾及防城港市防城湾陆续开始发生赤潮。通过综合分析近20年北部湾近岸海域赤潮发生和分布的基...     

Drift characteristics of green macroalgae in the Yellow Sea in 2008 and 2010

In order to investigate the aggregation mechanism of green macroalgae (Enteromorpha prolifera) on the Qingdao coastline, the macroalgal drift characteristics in the Yellow Sea during June and July in 2008 and 2010 were simulated using a three-dimensional wave-tide-circulation coupled model. In June 2008, the monthly-mean surface current flowed onshore and its direction was almost perpendicular to the Qingdao coastline, which was identified as the main reason for a huge accumulation of algae in the coastal waters off Qingdao. The current became parallel to the coastline in July 2008; this shift in current direction led to little accumulation of algae near Qingdao and thus relieved the environmental pressure on the Olympic sailing events. By using the coupled model, we predicted that there would be no serious algal accumulation at Qingdao in late June 2010, which was later confirmed by observations. This study demonstrated that the drift path of macroalgae near Qingdao is mainly controlled by the surface current, which is primarily driven by wind. Regional climate change is therefore one of the means by which physical processes affect marine ecosystems.     

大型绿藻浒苔的产业化开发应用

浒苔是一类大型绿藻,我国浒苔资源丰富.本文介绍浒苔的营养价值和药用价值,综述浒苔及其深加工产品在食品、医药、饲料、新能源等方面的应用,并对其应用前景进行展望,为浒苔资源的进一步开发和利用提供参考资料.     

2001—2017年中国近海水域赤潮发生规律及其影响因素

通过收集整理2001—2017年相关数据, 对我国近海海域赤潮爆发规律及影响因素进行初步探究。结果表明, 我国近海海域赤潮发生规律呈先增后减趋势, 2001—2005年, 近海赤潮面积和频次大幅度增加, 2006—2017年则明显减少。2008—2017年, 我国发生赤潮608 次, 引发赤潮的第一优势物种有65种。其中, 东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)是引发赤潮次数最多的生物, 共计106次。各海区赤潮的影响因素有差异: 渤海区赤潮面积变化主要受营养盐和总氮影响, 东海区赤潮面积和次数变化与营养盐、总氮、总磷和亚硝态氮显著相关, 南海区赤潮面积变化与污染物入海量和CODcr显著正相关(P<0.05)。为进一步减少赤潮爆发, 提出我国近海海域赤潮防治建议: 建设在线监测站点, 采取因区制宜的管控措施, 加强源头排污管理, 完善应急响应体系, 进行海洋生态修复。     

东中国海环流对2008年浒苔事件的影响

以2008年浒苔暴发期间每隔5天的海表温度和风场做强迫场,利用POM模型模拟得到2008年黄海浒苔事件期间的环流场.模拟的夏季黄海近岸表层流向北流动,流速较大;山东半岛南岸表层流向东北流动,流速较小.模拟结果显示,表层流场主要受到风向的影响.在夏季,黄海近岸表层流为向北然后转为向东北流动,形成顺时针旋转的环流.而环流产...     

基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年潮位序列的潮汐特征研究

潮汐是钦州湾的主要海洋动力,对物质输运、海洋工程、海洋生态环境等都有重要影响。本研究基于钦州湾验潮站2008-2020年共13年的水位观测资料,利用潮汐调和分析、偏度计算和线性回归等方法,分析钦州湾长时间的潮汐变化、潮不对称性特征及海平面变化趋势。结果表明,钦州湾验潮站潮汐以O₁、K₁分潮占优,属于规则全日潮。主要分潮振幅有显著的年际变化,2008年为最小值,O₁为95.82 cm, K₁为88.18 cm, M₂为39.53 cm; 2016年达到最大值,O₁为104.27 cm, K₁为95.15 cm, M₂为46.16 cm,这一变化与月赤纬角的变化有关。钦州湾潮不对称现象显著,涨潮历时比落潮历时多2-3 h,造成该现象的主要原因是受到半日分潮和全日分潮之间相互作用的影响,其中主要贡献来源于O₁、K₁、M₂之间的相互作用,占总潮汐偏度的80...     

厦门集美海域近岸绿潮藻浒苔属生长规律研究

选取厦门集美凤林人造沙滩、人工红树林光滩和龙舟池三个样点,从2009年11月到2010年9月观察研究了浒苔(Enteromorpha)固着和漂浮的野外生长变化规律。结果表明:凤林人造沙滩上的浒苔为固着的缘管浒苔(Enteromorpha linza),冬季是缘管浒苔的生长繁殖期;春季成熟藻体出现,但生物量减少;夏季,当海水温度超过30℃,肉眼不见缘管浒苔。研究还表明缘管浒苔有多种附着基质,包括砾石、砖石、贝壳、维尼纶网片等,但在砖石上藻体生长最为旺盛。龙舟池发现有石莼科的多种大型藻类,但春夏季暴发的绿潮主要是由石莼（Ulva lactuca）引起的,秋季暴发的绿潮中浒苔(Enteromorpha prolifera)占优势。观察期内未见到成熟期释放孢子的石莼。     

两株溶藻细菌对棕囊藻溶藻作用的原子力显微镜研究

细菌在赤潮生消过程中起着重要的作用.课题组从珠海赤潮发生海域采集的11株细菌中分离、筛选出2株具有显著溶藻效果的细菌.用原子力显微镜研究结果表明,2株细菌均属杆菌,形态明显不同,均可作用于球形棕囊藻,导致藻细胞破裂和胞内物质溶出而死亡,达到治理棕囊藻赤潮的目的.     

Potential relationships between atmospheric particulate matter transported by winter monsoons and red tides in the East China Sea

Combining numerical diagnosis from atmospheric science with biogeochemical methods,a model of the potential correlation of monsoons with red tide emergence in the East China Sea is constructed.The model is designed based on an in-depth investigation of the time-space relationship of aerosol and red tide events in the East China Sea from 2005 to 2006,and a continuous monitoring of atmospheric particulates at two stations.The study shows that every red tide event investigated has a close relationship with aerosols coming from the northwest (wind direction in winter) along with subsidence flow.The elemental abundance of total suspended particulate in Hangzhou and Tiantai is different from that of soil background levels,indicating atmospheric particulates there are brought in by winter winds.There is a significant correlation between the content of iron and phosphorous in atmospheric particulates,which mainly exist in binding materials between particulates.In addition,the confined absorption of iron and phosphorous by red tides is related to the intensity of sunlight.These results provide new information regarding the mechanism for the high frequency of red tides in the East China Sea.The results also provide a scientific basis for establishing new pathways for pre-warning and forecasting of red tide disasters.     

中国大陆境内的O1分波应变负荷潮

根据Schwideiski海潮图,本文根据作者提出的积分Green函数方法计算了全球海潮O_1分波在中国大陆产生的应变负荷潮,并绘制了应变负荷潮在中国大陆的分布图。分布图表明,中国大陆全境的O_1分波应变负荷潮受太平洋海潮的控制,在中国南部沿海地区南海海潮的作用非常显著,此处应变负荷潮的振幅可以接近甚至超过固体潮的振幅,即使在大陆西部内陆地区,负荷潮的振幅亦可达固体潮振幅的百分之几。要合理解释应变固体潮的观测结果,正确考虑负荷潮的影响是十分必要的。     

中国海洋绿藻门新分类系统

根据研究结果并结合文献资料,组织和完善了我国海洋绿藻门新的分类系统,并阐述了各物种分布特征。我国海洋绿藻门有3纲14目25科57属287种及其变种,在我国海藻三区的区系分布为黄渤海67种、东中国海27种和南中国海250种,四小区的区系分布为黄海西区67种、东海西区27种、南海北区64种和南海南区230种。     

Internal tide characteristics over northern South China Sea continental slope

21-day in-situ ADCP current and CTD data from an anchored observational station by R/V Shiyan 3 are used to investigate the characteristics of intemal tide in the northern South China Sea continental slope. The results show that tide and internal tide are both mixed type in the observed region and dominated by diurnals; the maximum internal tidal major axes of K1, O1 were largest and reached 11 cm/s, 10 cm/s, respectively, and their current vectors rotate anticlockwise. The 300 m-deep internal tide presents obvious quasi-diurnal oscillation and its average amplitude reaches 50 m. Furthermore, internal tide carried high energy; in the upper layers above 140 m, the kinetic energy of intemal tides accounts for 15%--37% of overall kinetic energy, most of internal tide energy concentrates around the thermocline.     

广西废弃虾塘红树林恢复时的纳潮生态混养探索研究

为了在废弃虾塘红树林恢复中获得一定的经济效益,2017年2月到2020年1月在广西防城港1.192 7 hm²的废弃虾塘内进行7种肉食性和2种杂食性鱼类的纳潮生态混养试验研究。在塘底挖掘0.8-1.2 m深的庇护沟、水面设置植物遮阴浮床、塘内设红树林造林监测样地。在塘底基础水位设为0.5 m深的条件下,年均渔获生物量为691 kg/（hm²·a）,饵料综合效率为35.09%。3年中9种鱼类成活率、占渔获总尾数和占总生物量比例最高的均是黄鳍鲷（Sparus latus）,分别达到38.16%、65.2%和35.28%。2020年1月的全捕渔获显示,鲻鱼（Mugil cephalus）、斑鰶（Clupanodon punctatus）和灰鳍鲷（Sparus berda）等野生经济鱼苗可随潮水进入塘内生长,个体数可占渔获总尾数的16.9%。在全日潮15 d的潮汐周期中,塘底淹水日数小于6 d时木榄幼苗可正常生长,成活率93.5%。扩大废弃虾塘红树林恢复及生态养殖的规模可有效降低成本,提高社会对红树林良好环境及高质量产品的认识,可显著增加经济效益。     

Study on the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area

In this work, the photosynthetic performances of Enteromorpha prolifera thalli collected from the surface and bottom of the sea of Qingdao sea area were studied with chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygraph technology. The samples with the highest photosynthetic activity among their kinds, the floating thalli from the sea surface of the south of the Qingdao Olympic Sailing Center and the sedimentary thalli from the mud surface of the bottom Tuandao bay, were chosen as representatives of surface thalli and bottom thalli, respectively. The results showed that the maximal PSII quantum yield of the floating thalli was significantly lower than the normal level although their photosynthetic activities were relatively high; the photosynthetic potential of the thalli form the mud surface was extremely low. Thus, it is indicated that the floating thalli are seriously stressed by their environment and the thalli from the mud surface are already dead or are dying. On the other hand, the results of the laboratory cultivation showed that the sedimentary thalli cannot regain normal photosynthetic activity even under normal illumination conditions. Thus, the thalli from the mud surface cannot become reproductive source of the alga even if they can reach sea surface again. Therefore, a preliminary conclusion can be reached that, up to mid-July 2008, the environmental conditions of the Qingdao sea area are not suitable for the growth of the alga E. prolifera and for this reason the biomass of E. prolifera, in the area, could be declining. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30830015), Key Projects in the National Science & Technology Pillar Program in the Eleventh Five-year Plan Period (Grant No. 2006BAD09A04) and National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA10A402, 2007AA09Z406, 2006AA05Z112, 2006AA10A413)     

气候变化背景下渤黄海海温时空特征分析

【目的】研究渤黄海海温时空变化特征及其与全球海温的关系。【方法】采用相关分析、小波分析等方法,对1985—2015年渤黄海海洋站的海温观测资料进行分析。【结果】渤海是中国内海,沿岸海温受陆地影响显著,变化幅度大,对气温响应快;黄海作为太平洋的边缘海,与外海水体交换通畅,水温变化幅度相对较小,水温变化与渤海相比具有一定的滞后性;各站海温变化周期特征不尽相同,但在2000年以后各站均有较为明显的8年周期;渤黄海海温与全球大部分海域一致,近30年呈现上升趋势,但上升速率与同纬度太平洋和大西洋相比较低,黄海海温上升速率高于渤海。【结论】渤黄海海温具有明显的月际、年际和周期变化特征,受海陆分布等因素影响渤黄海海温对气候变暖的响应低于同纬度太平洋和大西洋。     

浒苔虾丸配方的优化

【目的】将营养价值高的浒苔(Ulva prolifera)添加到虾丸中制成浒苔虾丸,丰富虾丸品种,提高其营养价值。【方法】通过单因素和正交试验,确定浒苔虾丸的最佳配方。【结果】浒苔虾丸的最佳配方为鱼糜虾糜比6∶4,浒苔粉6%,淀粉10%,蛋清蛋白6%,大豆分离蛋白3%,氯化钙0.3%。【结论】所得的浒苔虾丸产品色泽诱人、弹性良好、风味独特、营养丰富,是一种老少咸宜的方便食品。     

基于关联规则的MODIS影像绿潮检测

由于缺乏对绿潮灾害的深入认识和有效的监视监测,海域管理部门的决策管理和防治措施还处于被动局面。为解决这一现状,选取青岛附近海域的3景MODIS影像作为实验数据,分析了浒苔的光谱特性并对浒苔进行了特征选择,然后运用关联规则挖掘出浒苔及其光谱之间的关联关系,并使用发现的关联规则对浒苔进行检测,检测结果相比同类研究具有较高的精确度。对提高绿潮研究的科学性和深入性具有重要意义。     

鱼塘施放光合细菌条件下浮游植物的变动

于塘泼施光合细菌后浮游植物种类组成及生物量均发生变化。试验表明，泼施光合细菌之后，鱼塘中蓝藻的过量增殖受到限制；绿藻，硅藻等藻类种类及生物量明显增加；优势种群中，鱼类适口性的藻类种类增加，有害种类减少。导致浮游植物种群变化的主要原因、是由于光合细菌在严重营养化的鱼塘中具有明显优化水域环境的作用。