Exchange-coupling interaction, effective anisotropy and magnetic property of nano-magnetic materials

The theories and models of exchange-coupling interaction between grains in nanocrystalline magnetic materials are introduced here. Their insufficiencies and distinctions from the experimental results are pointed out, and some revisions are made. The effects of the phase component ratio, the grain size and microstructure on the effective anisotropy and magnetic properties in the nanocomposite permanent materials and the improved models are discussed in detail.     

磁性材料在正弦电磁场中振动的数学模型

将电磁场理论与弹性力学理论相结合，建立了描述正弦变电磁场中磁性材料振动的数学模型。首先，介绍电磁场理论中基于虚功原理导出的磁场力的一般数学表达式；随后基于电力设备中磁性材料的物理和几何特点给出其力学模型，基于电力设备磁路的对称性给出其磁场力简化数学模型；将上述两种模型相结合导出描述正弦交变电磁场诱发磁性材料振动的数学模型。这些数学模型的建立为定性和定量分析大型电力变压器铁心及其他电力设备磁路由于磁性材料中存在涡流而产生的振动和噪声奠定了基础。     

有机—无机纳米复合材料的研究进展

综述了有机－无机纳米复合材料的最新发展,包括该类材料的制备方法、性能研究和应用前景．三种主要的纳米复合技术为溶胶－凝胶法、嵌入法和纳米微粒填充法．纳米复合材料的光学和磁学等性能可用Ｍａｘｗｅｌ形态理论、层状结构理论和分形结构理论等来研究．这类材料已在力学、热学、电学、磁学、光学、宇航和生物仿生等领域表现出广泛的应用前景．     

铁磁质在磁场中所受磁场力的数学模型

介绍了电磁场理论中基于虚功原理导出的磁场力的一般数学表达式以及从不同角度描述铁磁质磁致伸缩现象的几种方法、引入弹性力学理论中的应变能密度概念，从能量守恒和功能转换的角度描述了表征磁致伸缩现象的磁场力．进而给出了磁准静态场和正弦交变电磁场条件下铁磁质所受磁场力的数学模型．这些数学模型的建立为分析大型电力变压器铁芯及其他电力设备磁路的振动和噪声奠定了基础．     

Quantum simulation of antiferromagnetic spin chains in an optical lattice

Understanding exotic forms of magnetism in quantum mechanical systems is a central goal of modern condensed matter physics, with implications for systems ranging from high-temperature superconductors to spintronic devices. Simulating magnetic materials in the vicinity of a quantum phase transition is computationally intractable on classical computers, owing to the extreme complexity arising from quantum entanglement between the constituent magnetic spins. Here we use a degenerate Bose gas of rubidium atoms confined in an optical lattice to simulate a chain of interacting quantum Ising spins as they undergo a phase transition. Strong spin interactions are achieved through a site-occupation to pseudo-spin mapping. As we vary a magnetic field, quantum fluctuations drive a phase transition from a paramagnetic phase into an antiferromagnetic phase. In the paramagnetic phase, the interaction between the spins is overwhelmed by the applied field, which aligns the spins. In the antiferromagnetic phase, the interaction dominates and produces staggered magnetic ordering. Magnetic domain formation is observed through both in situ site-resolved imaging and noise correlation measurements. By demonstrating a route to quantum magnetism in an optical lattice, this work should facilitate further investigations of magnetic models using ultracold atoms, thereby improving our understanding of real magnetic materials.     

Application of high magnetic fields in advanced materials processing

Recently,steady magnetic fields avail-able from cryogen-free superconducting magnets open up new ways to process materials. In this paper,the main results obtained by using a high magnetic field to process several advanced materials are re-viewed. These processed objects primarily include superconducting,magnetic,metallic and nanome-ter-scaled materials. It has been found that a high magnetic field can effectively align grains when fab-ricating the magnetic and non-magnetic materials and make inclusions migrate in a molten metal. The mechanism is discussed from the theoretical view-point of magnetization energy.     

磁制冷技术和纳米磁制冷工质的研究进展

综述磁制冷技术的原理和磁制冷工质的研究现状 ,重点介绍了纳米磁制冷工质的研究进展.     

Ferromagnetism in one-dimensional monatomic metal chains

Two-dimensional systems, such as ultrathin epitaxial films and superlattices, display magnetic properties distinct from bulk materials. A challenging aim of current research in magnetism is to explore structures of still lower dimensionality. As the dimensionality of a physical system is reduced, magnetic ordering tends to decrease as fluctuations become relatively more important. Spin lattice models predict that an infinite one-dimensional linear chain with short-range magnetic interactions spontaneously breaks up into segments with different orientation of the magnetization, thereby prohibiting long-range ferromagnetic order at a finite temperature. These models, however, do not take into account kinetic barriers to reaching equilibrium or interactions with the substrates that support the one-dimensional nanostructures. Here we demonstrate the existence of both short- and long-range ferromagnetic order for one-dimensional monatomic chains of Co constructed on a Pt substrate. We find evidence that the monatomic chains consist of thermally fluctuating segments of ferromagnetically coupled atoms which, below a threshold temperature, evolve into a ferromagnetic long-range-ordered state owing to the presence of anisotropy barriers. The Co chains are characterized by large localized orbital moments and correspondingly large magnetic anisotropy energies compared to two-dimensional films and bulk Co.     

Nd—Fe—B磁性材料中氧化问题的研究

本文从硬磁相、富硼相和富钕相着手来研究Nd-Fe-B型永磁材料的氧化性质。实验表明富钕相最易氧化,硬磁相其次,富硼相最不易氧化。Nd-Fe-B型永材料的氧化性质类似于硬磁相。在硬磁相被氧化的过程中还伴随着硬磁相不断被分解。对生产中可能遇到的一些有关现象进行了初步的解释。     

软磁材料应用研究进展

软磁材料因其饱和磁感应强度高、磁导率高、矫顽力低、损耗低和环境稳定性好等优点,被广泛应用于通信、电源、计算机和各种电子产品等领域。随着信息技术和电子产品数字化的发展,电子仪器设备向着精密化、高效化和节能化方向发展,这就对软磁材料和元件提出了新的要求和挑战。如何取得具有较高饱和磁感应强度和低损耗的软磁材料已成为研究的重点。本文对传统软磁材料与新型软磁材料的研究现状作了总结,并对软磁材料的发展趋势作了展望,为后续软磁材料的发展提供指导方向。     

桥联多核铬配合物的研究进展

多核铬配合物既可以作为葡萄糖耐量因子(GTF)的模型配合物,同时在分子磁材料的研究中占有重要地位,得到了广泛的研究.结合55篇参考文献,概述了近年来氧桥联、氰桥联、硫氰根桥联等多核配合物的研究进展状况.     

纳米级磁性多层膜的巨磁特性

磁性多层膜是人工设计制作的新材料,表现出许多新的性能,巨磁电阻电阻疚２是最具有吸引力的,简要地介绍了磁性多层膜中的巨磁电阻效应,并指出可能的应用领域。     

左手材料和磁性材料交替排列结构中的角度特征分析

利用4×4传递矩阵的方法,计算了含左手材料和磁性材料的多层结构的磁光科尔效应,分析了科尔旋转角和优值系数随层厚、左手材料磁导率、介电常数的变化关系.左手材料的反常共振传递特性使得薄的磁性膜可以产生大的磁光科尔效应,有望在磁光记录、完美隐身中发挥重要作用.     

磁电弹性耦合材料中的本构关系

磁电弹性耦合材料的力学本构方程一般形式是通过应力、电位移、磁感应强度来表示应变、电势和磁势。文章根据连续介质的热力学理论,利用Gibbs自由能和Legendre变换,系统地推导了磁电弹性耦合材料8种形式的本构方程,为磁电弹性耦合材料的进一步研究提供了理论基础。     

智能材料模拟肌体组织柔顺性特征研究

针对微创手术训练中现存的柔顺性触觉再现设备大多是机械接触,模拟肌体组织柔顺性特征时容易产生失真的问题,开展了液体智能材料模拟肌体组织的柔顺性特征研究.简单介绍了液体智能材料的流变学特性,进行了体现其柔顺性特征的压力释放实验研究,根据实验结果,利用Kelvin模型建立了其压力释放模型并进行了验证.利用不同磁场作用下液体智能材料模拟不同肌体组织柔顺性实验,建立了肌体组织压力释放模型并与相应磁场作用下智能材料模型进行了比较.结果表明液体智能材料在较大程度上能够模拟肌体组织的柔顺性特征.     

分子基磁性材料的发展和展望

概述了近年来分子基磁性材料研究中的一些相关问题,介绍了分子磁体的种类和功能,并对其研究和发展历史进行了回顾。在简明阐述当前分子基磁性材料研究中一些典型的单分子磁体的研究和发展趋势的基础上,对分子磁性材料研究中的热点问题进行了介绍,并展望了分子基磁性材料研究前景。     

新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器

针对三支撑月球着陆器摩擦式阻尼材料存在的真空冷焊问题,对非接触式涡流磁阻尼在月球着陆器上的应用进行了分析和试验.应用电磁学基本理论对涡流磁阻尼的基本特性进行了分析,得出了阻尼特性基本方程.使用DASP数据采集与分析软件,对新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器原理模型的缓冲特性进行了试验测试.结果表明,新型涡流磁阻尼月球着陆器具有较好的缓冲效果.     

Electric-field control of ferromagnetism

It is often assumed that it is not possible to alter the properties of magnetic materials once they have been prepared and put into use. For example, although magnetic materials are used in information technology to store trillions of bits (in the form of magnetization directions established by applying external magnetic fields), the properties of the magnetic medium itself remain unchanged on magnetization reversal. The ability to externally control the properties of magnetic materials would be highly desirable from fundamental and technological viewpoints, particularly in view of recent developments in magnetoelectronics and spintronics. In semiconductors, the conductivity can be varied by applying an electric field, but the electrical manipulation of magnetism has proved elusive. Here we demonstrate electric-field control of ferromagnetism in a thin-film semiconducting alloy, using an insulating-gate field-effect transistor structure. By applying electric fields, we are able to vary isothermally and reversibly the transition temperature of hole-induced ferromagnetism.     

磁流变材料的粘塑性模型

在外加磁场作用下,磁流变材料的力学性质可迅速发展变化甚至发生相变固化,材料的性能依赖于外加磁场的强度,作者基于一个简单的机械模型,发展了磁流变体的粘塑性本构描述,预言了磁流变流体的力学行为随磁场强度的变化,较好地描述材料的不同磁场强度下应力随应变而变化,结果表明所提出的模型能描述MR材料的塑性变形,粘性变形等内在的力学响应特性。     

低频弱磁场下180°畴壁位移引起的磁损耗

在低频弱磁场下,铁磁性材料中由于畴壁的振动使周围磁通量改变,从而在材料内部形成微观涡流,导致损耗,这种因畴壁位移引起的微观涡流损耗对金属铁磁材料尤其突出,甚至超过通常意义下的涡流损耗。