Chitosan Conduit for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Biocompatibility studies of silk fibroin-based artificial nerve grafts in vitro and in vivo

Silk fibroin(SF)has been used extensively in the biomedical field including tissue engineering for the generation of artificial bones,skins or ligaments.We have previously reported on good in vitro biocompatibility of SF fibers with peripheral nerve tissues and cells.In the present study,we developed a novel design of the SF-based artificial nerve graft(SF graft)which was composed of a SF-nerve guidance conduit(NGC)inserted with SF fibers.MTT assay was performed to determine the cytotoxicity of the SF-NGC extract fluid on the cultured L929 cells derived from an immortalized mouse fibroblast cell line.In addition,this SF graft was implanted into adult rats for bridging a 10-mm long sciatic nerve defect.The following-up experiments at initial stage(1-4 week)of nerve regeneration including routine blood tests and histochemical investigation were conducted to evaluate the in vivo biocompatibility of the SF graft with peripheral nerves.The results demonstrated that the SF-NGC graft was biocompatible with the surrounding tissues and cells due to its low inflammatory potential with a grade 0 under the U.S.Pharmacopeia guidelines and it was generally suitable to a certain degree for bridging peripheral nerve defects in virtue of supporting Schwann cell adherence,expansion and migration.Therefore the SF graft is a promising alternative to classical autografts for peripheral nerve repair.     

鱼类视神经损伤和再生的研究

综述了鱼类视网膜－顶盖系统的研究概况，包括视网膜、视神经和顶盖的组织结构特点；同时介绍了损伤视神经引起的视网膜神经节细胞的变化及其跨神经元的影响；最后综述了视神经再生与神经传入活性、相邻神经纤维间的相互作用及靶区选择的关系等方面的研究进展     

脊髓背根神经节切除模型——周围神经趋化性再生定量研究模型的建立

为了建立脊髓背根神经节（dorsal root ganglion,DRG）切除模型,选择性地使感觉神经纤维溃变而保持运动神经纤维的正常功能,从而为周围神经趋化性再生的定量评价提供有效的研究方法。将雄性SD大鼠20只,随机分为两组,每组10只动物。大体解剖组：解剖大鼠坐骨神经的神经根组成及DRG的位置。DRG切除组：切除支配大鼠坐骨神经的每个神经根的DRG。观察大鼠DRG切除后步态变化及足部溃疡情况。切除后3周,取双侧坐骨神经、胫神经、腓神经及腓肠神经行髓鞘染色,观察各神经中感觉神经纤维溃变情况;行美兰复红染色,计算机图像分析,运动神经纤维计数。发现大鼠坐骨神经由L4、L5、L6神经干组成,DRG位于腹、背侧根汇合处近心端1mm处。DRG切除术后,大鼠步态失去协调性,但展趾宽度无明显改变。DRG切除后3周,髓鞘染色显示腓肠神经中有髓神经纤维髓鞘完全溃变,坐骨神经、胫神经、腓神经中部分有髓神经纤维发生溃变。美兰复红染色、计算机图像分析计数显示坐骨神经及三个主要分支内,有髓运动神经纤维分别占其总数的58．4％、54．6％、45．4％、0。说明DRG切除模型,可以有效区分感觉和运动神经纤维,能够较好地定量评价周围神经趋化性再生的效果。通过比较不同桥接材料和不同修复方法的错接率,从而定量评价各修复材料和方法的趋化性再生效果。     

腰上三角的临床应用解剖

目的：为肾脏疾病及腰疝的手术操作提供解剖学依据．方法：观察腰上三角的形态及构成，观察经过该三角前方的肋下神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经的组合形式及走行．结果：腰上三角的形态可为四边形、三角形和不规则形；肋下神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经在腰上三角前方有4种不同的组合形式．结论：熟悉腰上三角前方肋下神经、髂腹下神经和髂腹股沟神经的走行及与第12肋的位置关系，对于避免手术中损伤这3条神经具有重要的实际意义．     

Dog sciatic nerve gap repaired by artificial tissue nerve graft

The feasibility of repairing dog sciatic nerve damage by using a biodegradable artificial tissue nerve graft enriched with neuroregenerating factors is investigated. The artificial nerve graft was implanted to a 30 mm gap of the sciatic nerve damage in 7 dogs. The dogs with the same nerve damage that were repaired by interposition of the autologous nerve or were given no treatment served as control group 1 or 2, respectively. The observations include gross and morphological observations, immune reaction, electrophysiological examination, fluorescence tracing of the neuron formation and the number of the neurons at the experimental sites, etc. Results showed that 6 months after the implantation of the graft, the regenerated nerve repaired the damage of the sciatic nerve without occurrence of rejection and obvious inflammatory reaction in all 7 dogs, and the function of the sciatic nerve recovered with the nerve conduction velocity of (23.91±11.35)m/s. The regenerated neurons and the forming of axon could be observed under an electron microscope. This proves that artificial tissue nerve graft transplantation can bridge the damaged nerve ends and promote the nerve regeneration.     

bFGF对自体神经移植后神经再生和神经元相关性的影响

目的探讨bFGF对自体神经移植后神经再生和神经元相关性的影响。方法切断大白鼠右侧坐骨神经10mm,在原位作神经外膜缝合,实验组注射bFGF100u/d,共10d,对照组注射生理盐水10d,术后12周取材。光镜观察,并计数再生神经纤维和神经元的绝对值,得出恢复率以及用统计学方法得出它们的相关性。结果两组均可见再生神经纤维通过吻合口,并向远端延伸。两组神经再生率与脊髓前角运动细胞或者脊神经节细胞存活率的相关系数均非常接近1,但实验组和对照组的组间相关系数无显著性差异。结论周围神经再生率与相应的脊髓前角运动细胞或者脊神经节细胞存活率之间的正相关关系是固有的,不会随bFGF的使用而改变     

面神经多分支缺损后趋向性再生动物模型的建立

摘要: 目的 探索建立面神经多分支缺损后趋向性再生动物模型的可行性。方法 新西兰兔 12 只,手术造成面神 经干和所有分支 5 mm 缺损动物模型,用多分支壳聚糖导管修复,分别于术后 1、2、3、8、16、24 周观察面部行为学。 结果 11 只动物存活至术后 24 周,术区未出现肿胀、破溃、排异等现象。结论 该修复模型稳定,可重复性强,多 分支壳聚糖导管做神经再生室用于研究神经趋向性再生是可行的。     

Nerve regeneration factor promotes nerve regeneration in rat

Nerve regeneration factor (NRF) extracted from an oral liquid of traditional Chinese medicine, as a nerve growth decoction has been reported by previous studies to exert effects of promoting nerve growth and preventing neuron apoptosis. For new insights into the function of NRF on primary cultured neurons, we investigated the neurite outgrowth in cultured rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) explant treated with NRF by immunofluorescence and the gene and protein expressions of neurofilament-H(NF-H) and growth associated protein 43 (GAP43) in the cultured rat DRG neurons by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. In addition, we used a rat model of sciatic nerve crush to evaluate the effect of NRF on regeneration of injured sciatic nerve by a combination of walk track analysis, electrophysiological and histological assessments. The in vitro experiments indicated that NRF promoted the neurite growth of DRGs and the expression of NF-H and GAP43 at mRNA and protein levels in DRG neurons, and in vivo experiments showed that NRF improved peripheral nerve regeneration and functional recovery.     

鸽上纹状体神经元对桡神经和坐骨神经传入冲动的反应

在61只家鸽上纹状体中,用玻璃微电极共记录到138个对电刺激桡神经和坐骨神经发生反应的单位.根据诱发反应放电型式,可分为三类:①单个或短串放电反应.②长串放电反应.③抑制性反应.其中①类细胞有116个.上纹状体神经元对躯体神经刺激反应的潜伏期差异较大,多数桡神经传入的诱发反应具有长潜伏期特征.结合解剖学资料对潜伏期差异的原因进行了讨论.认为,短潜伏期反应可能是由DIVA-Wulst通路直接传入引起,长潜伏期反应可能是经DLP-NI/NC-Wulst通路间接传入引起.     

合理营养在延缓和消除运动性疲劳中的重要作用

从探讨运动性疲劳产生的原理入手,阐述了六大营养素在运动中促进疲劳消除的各自作用,并针对不同运动项目提出了如何合理调配营养,以利于加速训练或比赛中体力的恢复、提高训练效果或运动成绩的建议和措施.     

分布式课程体系

概要地对高校课程体系的结构作出总结。在人类大脑神经网络和人工神经网络的启示下,提出了模拟脑神经网络的课程体系结构,即分布式课程体系结构。     

野木瓜注射液对牛蛙坐骨神经传导的影响

10％野木瓜注射液（InjectionStauntoniae，IS）涂布于离体牛蛙坐骨神经8min后，神经干复合动作电位诸成分的潜伏期都发生了显著性的延长，但只对C2成分的幅度有显著性影响；而50％IS不仅使复合动作电位各类成分的潜伏期都发生了显著性延长，而且使除Aαβ和C1以外的各类成分的幅度有显著性的减小．上述IS的影响具有明显的量效关系．这种阻滞作用是可逆的．     

Feasibility of Using Chitosan in Nerve Repair

IntroductionChitin,themajorpolysaccharideininsectexoskeletonsandcrustaceanshells,hasβ(1-4)-linkedN-acetylglucosaminerepeatunitsandisthesecondmostabundantformofpolymerizedcarbonfoundinnature[1].Chitosan,thefullyorpartiallyN-deacetyledformofchitin,isacationicpolysaccharidecomposedofglucosamineandN-acetylglucosamineresidueswitha1,4-β-linkage.Ithasastructuresimilartoglycosaminoglycans,whicharethecomponentsofanextracellularmatrixandisbiocompatible[2].Duetoitspositivesurfacechargeandbiocompatibi…     

福建省排球运动员神经类型与专职定位关联的探析

运用80.8神经类型量表，对福建省男女排球1、2队共计48名运动员进行了测试，结果表明：其具有明显的项目和专职位置的特征，不同性别的运动员神经类型分布无显著差异。文章认为在选拔排球运动员时应重视其神经类型，在安排训练时，应根据运动员的神经类型特点，采用不同的训练方法。     

后入路副神经移位修复肩胛上神经术式的临床应用研究

介绍后入路副神经移位修复肩胛上神经、治疗臂丛神经损伤、恢复肩关节外展功能的新术式,并探讨其临床疗效。将后入路副神经移位修复肩胛上神经术式成功地应用于11例病人,并随访术后疗效;结果表明:后入路副神经移位修复肩胛上神经术式操作简单、安全可行,术后疗效确切,恢复早于传统术式,并且术后斜方肌上部肌力及其耸肩功能无影响,使恢复的肩关节外展接近于正常动作。     

异种异体脱细胞神经支架制备的实验研究

目的:探讨用化学方法制备异种异体脱细胞神经支架,为周围神经组织工程提供有效的神经支架.方法:A组,SD大鼠5只,体200～250g,取双侧坐骨神经;B组,家兔1只,体重500～600g,取周围神经10根,与A组等粗等长;C组,家犬1只,取周围神经10根,与A、B组等长等粗.三组神经均采用TritonX-100、脱氧胆酸钠等进行脱细胞处理.用HE染色对去细胞程度、脱髓鞘程度及神经管道完整性进行评价.结果:HE染色A、B、C组轴突及细胞核均消失,神经内膜形成不规则圆形空腔.结论:在TritonX-100、脱氧胆酸钠的处理下,A、B、C组的细胞均被脱净,可以作为组织工程神经的支架.     

对红外背景、低信噪比条件下的小目标检测技术研究

低信噪比条件下小目标检测技术的研究是红外信息处理中的关键性问题．灰度形态滤波是一种结合信号形状的非线性运算，基于灰度形态滤波的预处理可有效地抑制图像中的背景干扰和噪声．对于多帧连续运动图像，经过前端的滤波预处理后，图像之间存在着一定的关联性，利用相关性结合神经网络算法可以对运动目标轨迹进行有效的刻画．