凹尾拟鲿(Pseudobagrus emarginatus)——长江上游中国鲇类一有效种(硬骨鱼纲:鲿科)（英文）

对中国鲿科鱼类系统分类学研究中发现,凹尾拟鲿为一不同于细体拟鲿(P.pratti)的有效种,仅分布于长江上游。凹尾拟鲿胸刺前缘光滑无锯齿,颌须较短,后伸不超过胸鳍起点,本属中同时具有这两个特征的还包括18个有效种。在这18个物种中,乌苏里拟鲿(P.ussuriensis)、长脂拟鲿(P.adiposalis)、短尾拟鲿(P.brevicaudatus)和越南拟鲿(P.kyphus)与凹尾拟鲿一样,具有中等分叉的尾鳍。凹尾拟鲿与乌苏里拟鲿和长脂拟鲿的区别在于游离脊椎骨数目和背刺长短等性状上,与短尾拟鲿和越南拟鲿在背刺后缘程度、枕骨棘与项背骨间的间距上存在差异。凹尾拟鲿与细体拟鲿在形态上最为相似,但在体高、背鳍前长、脂鳍高及尾柄高等性状上存在差别。同时,在颅骨、犁骨、项背骨及腰带等骨骼特征上也存在较大差异。     

滑桃木的丛枝菌根

 用碱解离-酸性品红染色法对10株盆栽滑桃木的根样进行了调查研究,结果表明,10个根样中均有丛枝菌根真菌侵染,且侵染比率较高,平均侵染率75%以上,达到深度侵染.用湿筛-沉淀法对盆栽植物根际土壤分别进行处理,结果表明,根际土壤中平均每100g土中有孢子270个,无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora)和球囊霉属(Glomus)为优势属,其中,刺状无梗囊霉(Acaulospora spinosa)、细凹无梗囊霉(Acaulospora scrobiculata)和单孢球囊霉(Glomus monosporum)是常见种.     

六种鱼巴亚科鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因序列分析

 测定了鱼巴亚科云南光唇鱼(Acrossocheilus yunnanensis)、宽头四须鱼巴(Barbodes laticeps)、抚仙金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus tingi)和滇池金线鱼巴(Sinocyclocheilus grahami)4种鱼类线粒体细胞色素b基因DNA序列402bp,结合已知的云南倒刺鱼巴(Spinibarb denticulatus yunnanensis)和细尾长臀鱼巴(Mystacoleucus lepturus)的同源序列,组成1个6种代表鱼巴亚科5属鱼类的数据集.选用已知的云南鲴(Xenocypris yunnanensis)作为外群,采用邻接法、最大简约法和最大似然法构建了分子系统树.结果显示:倒刺鱼巴属(Spinibarbus)和光唇鱼属(Acrossocheilus)有较近的亲缘关系,四须鱼巴属(Barbodes)和长臀鱼巴属(Mystacoleucus)有较近的亲缘关系,而金线鱼巴属(Sinocyclocheilus)和它们的关系不能确定.上述结果与它们的地理分布基本吻合.     

短尾拟鲿头骨的研究

短尾拟鲿头骨结构中无顶骨、后耳骨、下鳃盖骨,有续软骨存在;犁骨、前颌骨;齿骨上密生铺石状牙齿;上颌骨和腭骨分别特化成粒状和棒状小骨,用以支持触须;舌颌骨、方骨、中翼骨、外翼骨发育良好;前鳃盖骨失去鳃盖作用而参与悬器形成;上枕骨具成对的三叉神经叉脊支神经孔。     

一般有限域GF(pm)上线性码的自同构群

 对单式阵群作一个较详细的研究,并将GF(2^m)上线性码的自同构群的一些结论推广到最一般的有限域GF(p^m)上去,这里的p是任意的素数.     

GL2(C)的一些不可约表示

设G=GL₂(C), 并且B是G的标准Borel子群, 并且CG, CB分别是群G和群B的在复数域C上的群代数.对于任意B的特征标θ, 定义G的离散诱导模M(θ) = CG×_CBθ. 证明了当θ是反支配权时,M(θ)是个不可约表示.由此给出了一类GL₂(C)全新的、无限维的不可约表示.     

限制的星划分问题

 研究了边赋权图上2类具有权重限制L的最小基数星划分问题-最小基数S(L)划分问题和最小基数S∑(L)划分问题的困难性.得到如下结果:①证明了一般图上最小基数S(L)划分问题的NP-完全性;②证明了一般图上最小基数S∑(L)划分问题的NP-完全性,并证明了对于任意小的正数ε,一般图上的最小基数S∑(L)划分问题不存在(3/2-ε)-近似算法,除非P=NP.     

铝氢化物Al2Hn(n=1~6)团簇结构与光谱

 采用密度泛函(DFT)中的B3P86方法,在Dunning的相关一致基组cc-PVTZ水平上,对铝氢化物Al₂H_n(n=1~6)团簇的可能几何构型进行优化计算,得出最稳定构型的几何参数、电子结构、振动频率和光谱等性质参数,并给出了最稳定结构的总能量(E_T)、结合能(E_BT)、平均结合能(E_av)、电离势(E_IP)、能隙(E_g)、费米能级(E_F)和氢原子差分吸附能(E_diff)等.结果表明铝氢化物团簇基态稳定结构的电子态分别为:n为奇数为²A,n为偶数为¹A;由于Al原子属于缺电子原子,能与等电子原子H化合,通过氢桥键形成含多中心键的氢化物,本文优化计算发现,铝氢化物团簇最稳定的构型中都存在氢桥键,这是铝氢化物的奇异结构特征.最后分析铝氢化物团簇的平均结合能、电离势、能隙和费米能级等动力学和红外光谱特性,说明Al₂H_n(n=1~6)团簇中Al₂H₆最稳定,H-Al桥键键长比端键更长,最强峰红外光谱强度最大.     

光解法处理染料废水的研究

 采用均匀设计法设计实验,主要研究铁-草酸盐络合物光解法处理含染料废水,其中包括反应体系pH值(X₁)、染料起始质量浓度(X₂)、加入草酸钠的浓度(X₃)、加入硝酸铁的浓度(X₄)、处理温度(X₅)、处理时间(X₆)等条件对光解法处理含染料废水的色度除去率的影响,得到了它们之间的关系式.     

日本亮耳菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗试验

 首次报道了日本亮耳真菌对植物病原真菌的拮抗活性.结果表明:除对竹荪疫霉(Phytophthora sp.)的拮抗方式是菌丝缠绕作用外,该菌株的菌丝体及其发酵液滤液对灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea)、尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、烟草疫霉(Phytophthora nicotianae)和稻瘟病菌(Pyricularia oryzae)均有很强的拮抗活性.     

河北秦皇岛仙菜科Ceramiaceae红藻的分类研究

仙菜科Ceramiaceae是重要的海洋大型红藻类群,具有重要的研究价值和经济价值,但因其个体微小脆弱、形态多变等,分类上还存在许多不足。本研究利用生物冷冻切片及显微拍照等技术,通过形态解剖方法,对2019-2021年采自我国秦皇岛沿岸海域的仙菜科红藻进行分类学研究。经鉴定,样品中包括仙菜属Ceramium 3种,即波登仙菜Ceramium boydenii Gepp、三叉仙菜C.kondoi Yendo和孙氏仙菜(新拟名)C.sungminbooi J.R.Hughey et G.H.Boo,其中孙氏仙菜为我国新纪录种;对丝藻属Antithamnion 1种,即多姿对丝藻Antithamnion defectum Kylin;绢丝藻属Callithamnion 1种,即绢丝藻Callithamnion corymbosum(Smith)Lyngbye。本文对新纪录种及其他物种进行详细的形态特征描述,提供了解剖学特征图片及生物地理分布信息等内容。研究结果丰富了中国仙菜科的物种多样性。     

马尾松、杉木纯林及其混交林挥发性有机物成分分析

为了摸清树种挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds, VOCs)的释放规律和种类,采用顶空法提取马尾松(Pinus massoniana)、杉木(Cunninghamia lanceolata)纯林及其混交林11个树种叶片的VOCs,并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)技术对其进行分析。结果表明：前15 min, VOCs检出率为100%的树种有马尾松混交林和杉木混交林中的格木(Erythrophleum fordii)、红锥(Castanopsis hystrix)、大叶栎(Quercus griffithii);检出率为73%-90%的树种有马尾松纯林及其混交林中的马尾松、黄毛榕(Ficus esquiroliana)和香梓楠(Michelia hedyosperma),以及杉木纯林及其混交林中的杉木和灰木莲(Manglietia glauca)。马尾松纯林及其混交林中鉴定出的VOCs种类有萜、醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、脂肪胺、环氧等8大类,除了红锥和大叶栎外,其他树种均以萜类化合物数量最多;杉木纯林及其混交林鉴定出的VOCs种类有萜、醇、醛、酮、酯、酸、脂...     

Reporter-based screen for <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis> mutants compromised in nonhost resistance

Plants are exposed to many potentially pathogenic microbes in the environment, but each species is only susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. The broad resistance is referred to as nonhost resistance. To date, little is known about the underlying mechanism of nonhost resistance and the signaling transduction process. Here we describe a simple method for isolating Arabidopsis nonhost resistance mutants against a nonadapted bacterial pathogen. A RAP2.6 promoter-driven LUC reporter system was developed to replace the tedious bacterial growth assay during the primary screening. The RAP2.6-LUC reporter gene is normally induced by the virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato but not the nonadapted bacterium P. syringae pv phaseolicola. By using this method we iso- lated 4 mutants displaying strong reporter activity in response to P. syringae pv phaseolicola, which were characterized in some details, ebsl, ebs2, ebs3, and ebs4 （enhanced bacterial susceptibility） were compromised in resistance against P. syringae pv phaseolicola and/or P. syringae pv tomato. In addition, ebs4 showed enhanced hypersensitive response to the incompatible bacterium P. syringae pv tomato （avrB）. These results demonstrated that the method is suited for large scale screening for nonhost resistance mutants.     

全州禾花鲤主要生长性状的遗传参数估计

为估计全州禾花鲤(Cyprinus carpio var.Quanzhouensis)生长性状的遗传参数,采用嵌套交配设计和人工授精法构建了23个全州禾花鲤家系,利用混合线性模型估计全州禾花鲤体质量、体长、体宽、体长/体宽、日增重的遗传力、表型相关、遗传相关及育种值。结果表明：体质量(0.45,P<0.01)、体长(0.42,P<0.01)、体宽(0.36,P<0.01)和日增重(0.39,P<0.05)为高遗传力,体长/体宽(0.12,P>0.05)为低遗传力。体质量、体宽、全长、日增重性状相互之间有较高的表型相关与遗传相关(0.76-0.99),体质量与体长/体宽、日增重与体长/体宽之间表型相关与遗传相关(0.55-0.67)较低。育种值分析显示日增重与体长、日增重与体宽、体长与体宽性状育种值之间极显著相关(P<0.01),采用育种值开展个体选择与表型值选择结果存在明显差异。全州禾花鲤选育应采用多性状综合选育策略,同时改良生长速度、体型和体色性状,从而获得优质高产禾花鲤新品种。     

Investisations into the perplexing interrelationship of the Genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes,Tetraodontidae）

The phylogenetic relationships within the genus Takifugu Abe, 1949 （Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae） remain unresolved. Because of the use of Takifugu as model organisms, the resolution of these relationships is crucial for the interpretation of evolutionary trends in biology. Pufferfishes of this genus are comprised of a comparatively small number of species and are mainly distributed along the coastal region of the western part of the Sea of Japan and the coastline of China. Mitochondrial gene sequences were employed to test the phylogenetic hypotheses within the genus. Seventeen species of the genus were examined. Molecular phylogenetic trees were constructed using the maximum parsi- mony, neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods. Our hypothesis of internal relationships within the genus differs from previous hypotheses. Our results indicate that （1） the genus Takifugu is a monophyletic assemblage; （2） the genus is divided into 6 subgroups based on the moecular data; and （3） there is low genetic diversity among the species within this genus. In addition, speciation within Takifugu appears to be driven by hybridization and isolation by distribution. Our results also suggested that the taxonomy in the genus should be clarified based on both molecular and morphological data.     

马尾松、尾赤桉木材蠕变特性常数研究

在马尾松 ( Pinusmasoniana )、尾赤桉 ( Eucalyptusurophylla× camaldulensis)板材不同部位以径切面切取小试件各 30枚 ,并各分为 3组 ,分别按材料极限强度的 2 0 %、30 %及 4 0 %进行加载 ,测量木材的蠕变特性曲线 ,确定木材的蠕变特性常数。结果是 :马尾松、尾赤桉抗瞬间弹性变形能力随载荷的增加而增强 ;在相同的载荷下 ,马尾松的抗瞬间弹性变形能力、抗长期粘性蠕变能力及抗延迟弹性蠕变能力均比尾赤桉强 ;应力水平占极限强度比例相同时 ,马尾松的抗瞬间弹性变形能力比尾赤桉强 ,而抗长期粘性蠕变能力及抗延迟弹性蠕变能力在总体上亦比尾赤桉强     

PCR amplification of Sox genes inMisgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus (Cypriniforms; Cobitidae)

Using the primers which specially amplify the conservative motif of Human SRY gene, we studied the PCR amplification of Sox genes in genomic DNA of two species of mud loach:Misgurnus anguillicaudatus andParamisgurnus dabryanus. Four bands with the length of 200,550,940 and 1000 bp respectively, were presented in the PCR products ofMisgurnus anguillicaudatus. Three bands with the length of 200,550 and 900 bp were presented in that ofParamisgurnus dabryanus. Southern blotting results indicated that the 200 and 550 bp bands are specially positive. There is no difference between male and female individuals as well as between these two species. Chang zhongjie: Born in Nov. 1965, Ph. D. graduate student     

中国紫菜养殖

中国养殖紫菜,在目前,主要是群众性廉式养殖坛紫菜P.haitanensis和条斑紫菜P.yezoensis。其养殖可分为两个阶段:首先,在室內培养、促熟壳斑藻conchocelis和全人工采壳孢子conchospore苗(坛紫菜通常田喷壳孢子水法);然后,在潮间带进行半浮动筏(簾)式养成。     

广东汕尾凹顶藻类(红藻门)的形态分类学研究

为了解中国南海北部凹顶藻物种的多样性以及加快该地的凹顶藻属物种资源开发和利用,本研究利用形态学和解剖学方法,对采自广东汕尾的大型海洋红藻凹顶藻类(Laurencia Complex)进行分类学研究。经鉴定共发现4个物种,即波状软凹藻(Chondrophycus undulatus (Yamada)Garbary et Harper)、凹顶藻(Laurencia chinensis Tseng)、三列凹顶藻(Lt.risticha Tseng,Chang,Xia et Xia)和小瘤栅凹藻(Palisada parvipapillata (Tseng)Nam)。文中对此4种凹顶藻类物种的内、外部形态特征进行了较详细的描述与介绍,并结合生物冷冻切片技术,获得了各个物种较清晰的解剖学特征图片,对未来凹顶藻类物种的鉴定提供一定分类学意义。     

A bizarre <Emphasis Type="Italic">Palissya</Emphasis> ovulate organ from Upper Triassic strata of the Zixing coal field,Hunan Province,China

Palissya,a little-known reproductive organ with a long history,is recorded from China and Asia for the first time.A new species,Palissya hunanensis(sp.nov.) ,is described from the Upper Triassic Rhaetican strata of the Zixing coal field of Hunan Province.The ovulate cone has a compound shoot system that consists of a main axis and many helically-arranged axillary structures re-ferred to as female dwarf shoots,each of which is subtended by a bract.Despite a superficial similarity,P.hunanensis differs from the typical species P.sphenolepis(Braun) Nathorst in a number of subtle but consistent features:the cone is much smaller and narrower,the bracts are much thinner,there are fewer pairs of cup-like seed scales,and the seed scales are adaxially attached to a thick axis rather than to bracts.These traits are all distinctly different from other species of the genus.Moreover,SEM obser-vation of the new species reveals morphological features of the seed scales and seeds and details of the female dwarf shoot;sig-nificantly increases our knowledge of Palissya;and provides new evidence that it is a conifer.Palissya is related to the Lower Permian Lebowskia,a voltzian conifer bearing ovuliferous structures similar to the bract plus dwarf-shoot organization of Palis-sya.Palissya-type conifers probably grew in specialized marine-continent habitats,unlike most other extant and extinct conifers that grow in drier upland environments.