ME20M变形镁合金的TIG焊工艺研究

探讨了ME20M变形镁合金TIG焊工艺参数的选择,采用金相显微镜、拉伸试验机以及扫描电子显微镜等表征方法对焊接接头的微观组织、力学性能以及断口形貌等进行了分析.结果发现,焊接电流为80 A时,焊接接头成形较好,焊缝区组织呈细小的等轴晶,热影响区组织较粗大;焊缝区的硬度由于晶粒细化的原因而有所提高,在热影响区则有所下降;拉伸试验表明焊接接头的力学性能低于母材的力学性能,接头抗拉强度约为母材抗拉强度的75%左右.拉伸断口扫描形貌分析表明,断口呈韧-脆混合断裂.     

AZ31B镁合金TIG和MIG焊接接头组织性能比较分析

研究了AZ31B镁合金钨极氩弧焊(TIG)和熔化极氩弧焊(MIG)焊接接头组织及性能。在厚度为8.0 mm的AZ31B镁合金板材上分别进行了填丝TIG和MIG两种焊接试验,分析了AZ31B镁合金两种焊接工艺以及接头焊缝的微观组织和显微硬度。试验结果表明,填丝TIG焊缝成形良好;MIG焊接时有飞溅现象,焊缝成形不及TIG均匀。TIG和MIG焊接接头的相组成与母材的相组成一致。MIG焊接热影响区HAZ的晶内析出相弥散分布,焊缝区晶界析出相连续分布;而且MIG焊接接头的显微硬度值较TIG焊接时要高,焊接接头的力学性能有所提高。     

AZ31镁合金板材自动氩弧焊接工艺研究

利用六轴焊接机器人夹持氩弧焊枪进行AZ31镁合金自动氩弧焊接工艺研究,焊后利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和万能试验机等对焊接接头进行微观组织表征及力学性能测试。结果表明,在焊接电流160 A、焊接速度0.45 m/min、填丝速度0.6 m/min、钨极针与板材距离0.5 mm（前半段）和2.0 mm（后半段）以及保护气体流量16 L/min（正面）和21 L/min（背面）的条件下,能得到外观形貌良好、质量可靠的AZ31镁合金焊接接头。焊接接头的金相组织显示,焊缝区微观组织可清晰地分为母材区,热影响区和熔化区。焊接过程在热影响区和熔化区出现了大量的沉淀相,X射线衍射结果表明,该沉淀相为β Mg17Al12沉淀相。拉伸结果显示,焊接接头的抗拉强度达到了母材的81.02%,在断口观察到了大量的解离面和韧窝的存在,呈现出脆性断裂与韧性断裂相结合的混合断裂特征。     

焊接电流对镁/镀锌钢 TIG熔--钎焊接头显微组织与力学性能的影响

采用TIG熔-钎焊焊接方法,以镁合金焊丝为填充材料,对镁合金与镀锌钢进行连接实验,并分析热输入量对接头显微组织和力学性能的影响.热输入量过小会阻碍镁/钢界面反应层的形成而使得焊缝难以焊合,热输入量过大又会促进焊缝内部脆性第二相的长大,降低接头力学性能.接头强度随着焊接电流和焊接速度的增大都呈现先上升后下降的趋势,电流为70 A时强度达到最大,该值接近AZ31B母材的88．7%.此时断裂发生于焊缝熔焊区,断面出现大量韧窝和撕裂棱,呈现出塑性断裂特征.     

AZ31镁合金氩弧焊接接头组织与力学性能研究

钨极氩弧焊(TIG)为镁合金焊接中最常用的一种焊接方法。本文采用直流钨极氩弧焊对6.0 mm厚AZ31镁合金挤压板材进行了双面焊接实验。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、拉伸试验机考察分析了焊接接头显微组织与力学性能。显微组织分析表明,AZ31镁合金直流TIG焊接头由母材、热影响区、焊缝区组成,焊缝组织呈现焊丝熔化后凝固组织;在母材热影响区与焊缝区之间坡口处形成过渡区,晶粒细小,为母材与焊丝的熔合区。采用AZ31焊丝焊接接头平均抗拉强度为241.0 MPa,延伸率为13.8%,分别达到了母材的86.0%和63.6%。焊接接头的断裂均位于热影响区,断口呈现韧脆混合断裂特征。     

镁合金AM60的钨极氩弧焊

探讨了钨极氩弧焊焊接工艺对镁合金AM60接头性能的影响,分析讨论焊缝成形特点、接头组织特征及力学性能.X射线无损探伤分析表明,AM60镁合金TIG焊的焊缝在焊接电流为130A～160A时成形良好,无焊接缺陷;光学金相、SEN分析表明,AM60镁合金TIG焊接头各区域组织都由白色α-Mg相、黑色β相(Mg17 Al12)和灰色(α+Mg17Al12)共晶体组成,AM60断口形貌有明显的韧窝,属于韧断;AM60镁合金TIG焊接头力学性能在150A～160A时综合性能最好,采用不同材料作为填充金属时,与母材成分接近的接头力学性能较好.     

细晶AZ61镁合金板材的CO2激光焊接性能

采用CO2激光器对2 mm厚的AZ61镁合金细晶板材分别进行了填充焊和自熔焊实验.研究了细晶镁合金板材的焊接性和填充带合金化稀土元素Ce对接头组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明，细晶板材的焊接接头热影响区不明显，组织较母材变化不大，半熔化区范围窄、液化程度低，未进行合金化的自熔焊焊缝组织较粗大，焊缝晶粒尺寸约15 μm，而填充焊焊缝组织为平均晶粒尺寸是5 μm的等轴晶，即合金化稀土元素Ce可细化焊缝组织，而且稀土元素Ce的加入能抑制柱状树枝晶区而扩大等轴晶区域范围.填带焊接头的平均抗拉强度和伸长率较自熔焊接头分别提高了6%和12%.     

Ti60合金板材电子束焊接接头组织性能研究

研究了Ti60合金板材电子束焊接接头的显微组织与力学性能.研究表明,焊接接头熔合区中的显微组织由针状α''相、α相和β相组成,热影响区的显微组织为β相转变组织、针状α''相及部分未溶解的等轴初生α相组成的混合组织.焊接接头硬度呈不均匀分布,焊缝熔合区的硬度最高,热影响区次之,母材区最低.焊接接头的室温和高温拉伸均断裂于母材区,焊接接头处拉伸强度等同于接头处母材区的强度.焊接接头的持久断裂均发生于焊缝区域,接头的持久寿命均>100 h.     

焊接热输入对镁合金与镀铜钢冷金属过渡焊接接头性能和缺陷影响

利用冷金属过渡焊(CMT)对镁合金和镀铜钢异种金属进行焊接,填充材料选择AZ31镁合金焊丝,对焊接接头的显微组织进行检测,分析焊接接头的性能和缺陷。实验结果表明:Cu元素对镁合金在钢表面的润湿铺展起到良好的促进作用,焊接热输入影响Cu元素对镁/钢表面的润湿铺展效果。焊接接头产生富铜区,易产生裂纹,降低了焊接接头强度。经过拉伸测试,在焊接热输入为212. 2 J/mm时,焊接接头强度达到最大值3. 99 k N,但在焊接热输入达到254. 6 J/mm时,焊接强度反而降低,这是由于钎焊区生成了大量的中间层脆性化合物。焊接接头组织中检测到气孔、夹渣和裂纹等焊接缺陷的存在,这与母材表面的氧化膜和焊缝内应力有关。     

7075铝合金点焊接头的组织及性能分析

采用中频逆变直流点焊机进行7075铝合金点焊焊接试验,并对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行研究.结果表明:焊接接头结构分为熔化区、部分熔化区和热影响区,其熔核的部分熔化区组织为柱状晶,熔化区组织为等轴晶,热影响区及母材仍保持轧制组织形态,而且焊接接头内存在枝晶偏析;7075铝合金点焊接头的熔核硬度较低;在所用的试验条件下,7075铝合金点焊接头均在界面断裂,断裂形式为准解理脆性断裂,且塑性、韧性较差,其原因在于焊接接头的强度低于母材,以及熔化区铝合金元素偏析严重.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~