东海黄海渤海8个主要分潮的数值模拟

应用球面坐标系下ECOM数值模式,数值模拟了东海黄海渤海的8个主要分潮M₂、S₂、N₂、K₂、K₁、O₁、P₁和Q₁.采用高分辨率网格,计算区域包括东海黄海渤海、东海陆架坡和琉球以东西北太平洋,考虑实际水深和岸线.开边界条件由全球大洋潮汐模式计算的调和常数给出.较成功地模拟出了8个分潮的传播特征,再现了计算区域内半日分潮的5个无潮点和2个蜕化的半个无潮点、全日分潮的3个无潮点.与65个潮位站的观测资料比较,模式计算的M₂、S₂、K1和O₁分潮振幅和位相的均方差分别为7.85 cm和6.81°,5.04cm和8.14°,3.82cm和13.04°,4.34cm和9.33°.与17个潮位站的观测资料比较,N₂、K₂、P₁和Q₁分潮振幅和位相的均方差分别为3.64cm和7.89°,8.47cm和10.51°,1.76cm和7.56°,1.50cm和26.34°.模式模拟的结果可为河口海岸小区域模式提供较为可靠的外海开边界潮汐调和常数资料.     

Variability of surface circulation in the South China Sea from satellite altimeter data

11-year satellite altimeter sea surface height （SSH） anomaly data from January 1993 to December 2003 are used to present the dominant spatial patterns and temporal variations of the South China Sea （SCS） surface circulation through Empirical Orthogonal Function （EOF） analysis. The first three EOF modes show the obvious seasonal variations of SSH in the SCS. EOF mode one is generally characterized by a basin-wide circulation. Mode two describes the double-cell basin scale circulation structure. The two cells were located off west of the Luzon Island and southeast of Vietnam, respectively. EOF mode three presents the mesoscale eddy structure in the western SCS, which develops into a strong cyclonic eddy rapidly from July to September. EOF mode one and mode three are also embedded with interannual signals, indicating that the SCS surface circulation variation is influenced by El Nino events prominently. The strong El Nino of 1997/98 obviously changed the SCS circulation structure. This study also shows that there existed a series of mesoscale eddies in the western SCS, and their temporal variation indicates intra-seasonal and interannual signals.     

气候变化背景下渤黄海海温时空特征分析

【目的】研究渤黄海海温时空变化特征及其与全球海温的关系。【方法】采用相关分析、小波分析等方法,对1985—2015年渤黄海海洋站的海温观测资料进行分析。【结果】渤海是中国内海,沿岸海温受陆地影响显著,变化幅度大,对气温响应快;黄海作为太平洋的边缘海,与外海水体交换通畅,水温变化幅度相对较小,水温变化与渤海相比具有一定的滞后性;各站海温变化周期特征不尽相同,但在2000年以后各站均有较为明显的8年周期;渤黄海海温与全球大部分海域一致,近30年呈现上升趋势,但上升速率与同纬度太平洋和大西洋相比较低,黄海海温上升速率高于渤海。【结论】渤黄海海温具有明显的月际、年际和周期变化特征,受海陆分布等因素影响渤黄海海温对气候变暖的响应低于同纬度太平洋和大西洋。     

Diagnostic analysis on the northern South China Sea winter counter-wind current

The winter counter-wind current （also named the South China Sea Warm Current （SCSWC）） in the northern South China Sea （SCS） has been known well for decades, but its mass and momentum origination have not be quantitatively evaluated before. In this paper, the high resolution three-dimensional ocean circulation model is adopted to reproduce the circulation in the northern SCS. The diagnostic analyses are performed to investigate the momentum budget in the northern SCS continental shelf/slope and the momentum propulsion of the SCSWC. It is indicated that the across-shelf pressure gradient and the across-shelf transport are responsible for the formation of the SCSWC, while the along-shelf pressure gradient is balanced by the surface stress, bottom stress, and Coriolis force. The magnitude of the terms in the along-shelf momentum equation is smaller than that in the across-shelf one. The analysis on the momentum budget in the northem SCS will benefit the marine environmental prediction in the future.     

渤海典型余环流及其影响因素研究

以大阪大学海湾模型（ODEM）,三维斜压水动力模型研究了渤海夏、冬季节典型余环流结构及其控制园子的影响．浅析了不同计算工况下余流结构对海域不同部分水交换能力的影响．通过分析渤海中部流速的垂向分布,探讨了潮汐、季风和表面热交换对杂环流的贡献．从表面和底层的潮余流结构可以看出渤海的余环流由多个而不是一个旋涡构成,海域的地形和海岸线形状是控制沿岸潮余流结构的主要因素．渤海典型风向下的夏季风和冬季风对余环流的影响差异较大;区域性热盐效应导致的密度流不管是否引起层化现象都会对凤生流和潮余流产生较大的影响．     

热带海温异常与南海夏季风建立迟早的初步研究

利用NCEP再分析的海表温度场、风场、高度场的格点资料,应用合成和相关分析等方法,初步探讨了热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常与南海夏季风建立的关系.研究结果表明,热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常在有些年份并不同号,从而对南海夏季风建立迟早的影响并不完全一致.进一步分析表明,热带印度洋和热带太平洋海温异常可能是通过影响热带地区Walker环流建立和加强,进而南海夏季风建立的迟早.     

东中国海环流对2008年浒苔事件的影响

以2008年浒苔暴发期间每隔5天的海表温度和风场做强迫场,利用POM模型模拟得到2008年黄海浒苔事件期间的环流场.模拟的夏季黄海近岸表层流向北流动,流速较大;山东半岛南岸表层流向东北流动,流速较小.模拟结果显示,表层流场主要受到风向的影响.在夏季,黄海近岸表层流为向北然后转为向东北流动,形成顺时针旋转的环流.而环流产...     

ECMWF细网格10m风场产品在南海海域的预报检验

对2012年1月至2013年12月ECMWF(简称EC)细网格10m风场产品在南海海域的预报进行检验,结果表明:1EC对原油码头、七洲列岛、永兴岛、永暑礁4个海岛站的风速预报总体上比实况略偏大,其中对七洲列岛和永暑礁的风速预报不仅系统性偏差最小,接近0m/s,且预报与实况的相关性最好;在不同风速下EC预报的风向偏差多数集中分布在±45°之间,风速越小,风向预报偏差样本的离散度越大;EC对东南风向、偏东风向和西南风向预报的均方根误差和平均偏差均较小,而对偏北风向和西北风向的预报效果较差.2对比EC 10m风速预报场和分析场在不同季节的偏差发现:春、秋、冬季风速预报平均偏差大值中心分布有一定相似性,均位于南海北部靠近华南沿海一带和南海东南部靠近菲律宾群岛以西海面,但均方根误差和方差的分布有所差异;EC对夏季南海海域的风速预报除了24h预报较稳定外,预报时效越长,均方根误差和方差迅速增大,模式预报不稳定.     

Sea surface temperature records of core ZY2 from the central mud area in the South Yellow Sea during last 6200 years and related effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current

Sea surface temperature (SST) records in the South Yellow Sea during the last 6200 years are reconstructed by the unsaturation index of long-chain alkenones (K 37 U ’) in sediment core ZY2 from the central mud area.The SST records varied between 14.1 and 16.5°C (15.6°C on average),with 3 phases:(1) A high SST phase at 6.2-5.9 cal ka BP;(2) A low and intensely fluctuating SST phase at 5.9-2.3 cal ka BP;and (3) A high and stable SST phase since 2.3 cal ka BP.Variation of the SST records is similar to intensity of the Kuroshio Current (KC),and corresponds well in time to global cold climate events.However,the amplitude of the SST response to cooling events was significantly different in different phases.The SST response to global cooling event was weak while the KC was strong;and the SST response was strong while the KC was weak.The difference in amplitude of the SST response is possibly caused by the modulation effect of the Yellow Sea Warm Current which acts as a shelf branch of the KC and a compensating current induced by the East Asia winter monsoon.The warm waters brought by the Yellow Sea Warm Current cushion the SST decrease induced by climate cooling,and both the Kuroshio and East Asian winter monsoon play important roles in the modulation mechanism.The SST records display a periodicity of 1482 years.The same period was found in the KC records,indicating that variation of the SST records in the central South Yellow Sea is strongly affected by KC intensity.The same period was also found in Greenland ice cores and North Atlantic and Arabian Sea sediment cores,showing a regional response of marine environmental variability in the East China Seas to that in the global oceans.     

基于耦合气候系统模式的中全新世黄、东海海表通量分析

对中全新世(6,ka时期)海洋和气候的研究可加深人们对现阶段气候变化和海洋环境的认识,为预测未来海洋与气候环境变化提供一个重要参照.文章分析一个耦合气候系统模式FGOALS-s2.0的模式结果,首先对其工业革命前(0,ka时期)东亚地区夏季降水及冬、夏季10,m风场的模拟结果进行评估,然后进一步对中全新世和工业革命前黄、东海海表大气强迫的季节变化进行了对比.结果显示:模式模拟出0,ka时期东亚夏季降水从东南洋面至西北内陆减少的空间分布特点,冬、夏季10,m风场亦与观测大体一致;6,ka时期夏季,黄、东海风速较0,ka时期增大约0.8,m/s,16%左右;黄海风应力旋度值为正,东海为负,与0,ka时期相比旋度绝对值均增大;同时,两海区接收的太阳短波辐射较0,ka时期均增加,短波辐射的差异是中全新世夏季黄、东海海表的净热吸收增加的主要因子.6,ka时期冬季,黄、东海北风加强,东海增加量在0.5~1.0,m/s,幅度约为10%,较黄海更为明显;两海区在冬季的净热释放也较0,ka时期增大,东海释放更甚;冬季黄、东海风应力旋度较0,ka时期则无太大差别.研究表明,由于6,ka时期太阳辐射季节循环的改变,造成了黄、东海夏季风增强,海表净热通量也发生相应变化,该时期大气强迫场的变化可能会使黄、东海表层水温分布趋势发生较大改变,进而影响陆架环流格局.     

东、黄海典型海区浮游植物对营养盐添加的响应

2002年9月,通过现场营养盐添加实验研究了长江口外海(E4测站)、东海陆架中部海区(E6测站)以及黄海冷水团(E2测站)分粒级叶绿素a对营养盐添加的响应.结果显示:E6测站加磷与加氮磷组均在120h出现了叶绿素峰值响应,表明9月该站同时受氮磷限制.E4测站加磷组在第1天培养结束时就出现了叶绿素响应,证实了磷限制的存在.E2测站由于培养时间所限,加氮与加磷组均未观测到叶绿素明显的峰值响应.不同海区浮游植物对响应时间不尽相同.营养盐的添加在一定程度上改变了浮游植物的粒级结构.     

东亚夏季风系统和南海台风活动的关系

本文用1981,1982年6—9月东亚与澳大利亚部份测站的常规资料作诊断分析,探讨东亚夏季风系统各主要成员与南海台风活动的关系.结果得到,澳大利亚冷高压加强,105°E附近的越赤道气流跟着增强,南海的ITCZ发展,南海台风生成于澳大利亚冷高压高峰后的衰减时段.西南季风气流是南海台风的重要能量输送带。南支高空东风急流的增强与北支东风急流的动量下传,有利于南海台风生成.西太平洋气旋波移入南海促使南海低压生成.     

Coastal seafloor observatory at Xiaoqushan in the East China Sea

The seafloor observation system is becoming an important infrastructure for marine research because it is transforming oceanic research from temporal investigation to long term observation.The East China Sea coastal seafloor observatory,located between 30°31′44″N,122°15′12″E and 30°31′34″N,122°14′40″E,is constructed near the Xiaoqushan Island outside the Hangzhou Bay on the inner continental shelf of the East China Sea.The observatory is connected by a submarine optical fiber composite power cable that is more than one kilometer long and consists of a special junction box that transmits power and communication signals to different instruments.The special junction box has a variety of waterproof plugs and connects to three different instruments installed in a trawl preventer.The submarine optical fiber composite power cable is landed on the platform by The East China Sea Branch,State Oceanic Administration and the power is continuously supplied by the solar panels and solar battery on the top of the platform.The real time data are directly sent through the cable to the platform and are transmitted by CDMA wireless to the receiver at the State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology of Tongji University.Measurements at the observatory have been taken since April 20,2009 after installation and the results have been interpreted.The characteristics of the near bottom boundary are constrained by a sediment suspension model using portion of the observed data.In particular,discussion is provided on the sea surface height anomaly at Xiaoqushan Island influenced by the tsunami driven by the 2010 Earthquake in Chile.The successful establishment of the coastal seafloor observatory is the first step toward future development of seafloor observation systems in China.It not only accumulates experiences in technology and engineering,but also paves the way for performing important oceanic research using the long term continuous observation platform.     

砗磲高分辨率Sr/Ca温度计:3种物种的对比分析

对采自南海西沙的3种不同种的现代砗磲(库氏砗磲、鳞砗磲、砗蚝)进行了高分辨率Sr/Ca比值分析.结果表明:库氏砗磲和鳞砗磲的Sr/Ca比值呈现出年周期变化并与实测的海表面温度(SST)形成较好的对应;而砗蚝的Sr/Ca比值年周期信号较弱且与温度的对应存在较大的不确定性.通过全年逐月或逐周对应和极端对应,我们共获得了两种砗磲的4个有效的Sr/Ca-SST方程,并能较好地作为Sr/Ca温度计进行温度恢复.对比不同种类的砗磲,其Sr/Ca分布有所不同,相应的Sr/Ca-SST方程也有一定的区别.这项研究为选择性地应用砗磲研究全新世气候变化提供了依据.     

黄、东海中华哲水蚤种群遗传的初步研究——I:等位酶分析

采用等位酶分析技术对采自黄、东海4个站位的中华哲水蚤进行了种群分化的研究.共检测了4种酶(EST,MDH,ME和SDH)的5个多态位点.等位基因的有效数目Ae为2.1459,来自4个站位的中华哲水蚤均有较高的杂合度,实际杂合度为Ho=0.5776,预期杂合度He=0.5264;种群间的遗传相似度(I)很高,平均为0.9815,平均遗传距离(D)为0.0193,种群遗传分化程度很低.本研究结果推论,黄、东海之间中华哲水蚤的遗传多样性较高,其差异应为地理种群间的差异.