蒙古口蘑与双孢蘑菇原生质体融合育种研究

以蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇为出发菌株,研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、菌龄和渗透压稳定剂、再生培养基等对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的影响.结果表明,蒙古口蘑原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2.5%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解4 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,MB为再生培养基,制备率为7.53×1010个/L,再生率为8.4×10-4;双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解3 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,PQA为再生培养基,制备率为6.96×1010个/L,再生率为7.4×10-4.对两种菌原生质体的释放过程进行形态观察,均为顶端释放.采用双亲灭活原生质体融合技术对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体融合进行研究,蒙古口蘑原生质体采用热灭活,65℃处理30 min,灭活率达100%,双孢蘑菇采用紫外灭活,在15 W紫外灯下,距离30 cm,处理20 min,灭活率达100%,两菌株按1∶1混合,以30%PEMG(6 000)为促融剂,融合10 min,融合率为5.6×10-5.经遗传稳定性检验,融合菌株的遗传稳定率为80%,从菌落特征、菌丝形态、菌丝生长量、酯酶、游离全蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶和过氧化物酶等同工酶方面对融合子进行筛选,获得一株具有双亲性状的融合株.     

菊粉酶高活力菌株的筛选和发酵条件的研究

从101林酵母中筛选出一株高菊粉酶活力的菌株克鲁维酵母(Kluyveromyces sp.)y-85,该菌株菊粉酶的合成受木糖或菊粉的诱导,产酶适宜的培养基组成(％)为:菊芋抽提液7.0,尿素2.0,玉米浆3.0,产酶的最适温度和pH分别为30℃和5～6,在这些条件下,摇瓶培养24h,该菌株产生的酶活力可达1403u/ml。     

草菇原生质体的制备与融合研究

项目对低温草菇和高温草菇菌株进行了酶解制备原生质体及原生质体的融合进行了研究.研究结果表明:以融壁酶Novozym234对低温草菇和高温草菇酶解效果较好,酶解浓度为2.5%,稳渗剂以0.5Mol/L蔗糖为佳,pH值保持在8.5左右,以30%的助溶剂(PEG4000-6000)作为融合诱导剂进行草菇原生质体融合,并获得融...     

利用基因组重排技术选育高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株

采用基因组重排法选育高产洛伐他汀红曲菌株.原生质体制备条件:溶壁酶1.0%(质量分数),菌丝菌龄66 h,酶解时间3 h,酶解温度30℃,高渗磷酸盐缓冲液pH值为6.0,再生培养基的渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol·L~(-1)NaCl;原生质体灭活条件:紫外灭活120 s,微波灭活300 s;原生质体融合条件:PEG 30%(质量分数),Ca~(2+)0.03 mol·L~(-1),30℃融合12 min,原生质体融合率1.95%.以经紫外和微波诱变得到的正突变菌株为亲本进行三轮基因组重排,获得一株遗传稳定、高产洛伐他汀菌株R″-30,洛伐他汀产量较原始菌株SH2-7提高52%。     

高效产絮突变体Enterobacter sp. W16-c的筛选及其产絮特性

采用原生质体融合-紫外诱变技术分离得到高效絮凝剂产生菌Enterobacter sp. W16-c,并对其产絮特性和影响因素进行分析。结果表明:Enterobacter sp. W16-c的絮凝能力比出发菌提高13.91%;突变菌株发酵产絮最适碳源为蔗糖,最适氮源为酵母膏,最佳初始发酵pH值为5～9;金属离子Fe2+、Na+对Enterobacter sp. W16-c的产絮效果有促进作用;在最佳发酵条件下所产絮凝剂的絮凝率可达96.2%;Enterobacter sp. W16-c的主要成分为多糖;Enterobacter sp. W16-c是一株产絮性能稳定的高效产絮突变菌株。     

曲霉原生质体的制备与非对称灭活

为提高菌丝原生质体的释放量和活力,分别考查了碳源、菌龄、渗透压稳定剂、酶浓度、酶解时间及再生培养基种类对Aspergillus oryzaeHN3042和Aspergillus niger CICC2377原生质体释放和再生的影响,并研究了两个亲本原生质体的非对称灭活参数.确定了亲本原生质体的适宜制备参数.结果表明,以MPY液体培养基为菌丝培养基、0.7mol/L NaCl复合0.4mol/L山梨醇为渗透压稳定剂、以高渗豆汁固体培养基为再生培养基,原生质体有30%以上的再生率.通过非对称灭活曲线确定Aspergillus oryzae HN3042原生质体于15W紫光灯垂直距离13cm处照射15min,Aspergillus niger CICC2377原生质体于65℃水浴10min,可使亲本原生质体临界失活.     

Aspergillus sp. Li-38产脂肪酶发酵条件及催化反应的初步研究

对自行筛选的曲霉菌株Aspergillus sp.Li-38的发酵条件进行研究。通过考察不同碳源和氮源对产酶的影响,获得曲霉脂肪酶的优化摇瓶培养基成分,菜籽油1.5%(V/V),蛋白胨3%(W/V),NH4SO41%(W/V),K2HPO40.1%(W/V),MgSO4.7H2O,0.1%(W/V)。研究表明菜籽油对产酶具有明显的诱导作用,复合氮源比单一氮源更利于菌体产酶,优化后酶活可达42U/mL,与优化前相比提高了1.6倍。利用该脂肪酶催化棉籽油合成生物柴油研究表明,二步流加甲醇的反应体系其酯化率可达到59%。     

产α-ALDC的枯草芽孢杆菌原生质体融合条件

通过双亲灭活原生质体融合技术对2株产α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的枯草芽孢杆菌3226-5和V-20进行原生质体融合.初步探讨了2菌株较适宜的融()条件.对获得的几百株融合子进行酶活比较,从中得到20株酶活比双亲高的菌株.     

酵母原生质体融合的研究

本文报道了酵母原生质体的制备、再生及融合过程.培养亲株对数生长早期的细胞(浓度为2.5×10~7细胞/ml),在1.5-2%蜗牛酶及0.1%β-巯基乙醇的作用下,45-60分钟后,原生质体的形成率可达99-100%,在35%聚乙二醇(分子量为6000)和10mMCaCl_2溶液的作用下进行融合实验,可得融合率为2.6×10~(-6)-2.1×10~(-7),它是自发回复突变率的100-1000倍.     

利用原生质体融合技术选育高产菌株

以龟裂链霉菌(Sterpomyces rimosus)98#和76#为出发菌株,分别用溶菌酶制得2个亲本的原生质体,其中76#采用15 W紫外灯下30 cm照射25 min,100 %灭活,用PEG诱导进行了原生质体的融合.通过比较菌落外观、颜色挑选融合子328株,结合前期代谢情况进一步筛选高单位的融合菌株8株,经反复传代考察融合子的稳定性后得到1株新菌株102#,其发酵单位比亲本提高了13.0%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of