Poisson's ratio and the fragility of glass-forming liquids

The nature of the transformation by which a supercooled liquid 'freezes' to a glass--the glass transition--is a central issue in condensed matter physics but also affects many other fields, including biology. Substantial progress has been made in understanding this phenomenon over the past two decades, yet many key questions remain. In particular, the factors that control the temperature-dependent relaxation and viscous properties of the liquid phase as the glass transition is approached (that is, whether the glass-forming liquid is 'fragile' or 'strong') remain unclear. Here we show that the fragility of a glass-forming liquid is intimately linked to a very basic property of the corresponding glass phase: the relative strength of shear and bulk moduli, or Poisson's ratio.     

The relationship between fragility, configurational entropy and the potential energy landscape of glass-forming liquids

Glass is a microscopically disordered, solid form of matter that results when a fluid is cooled or compressed in such a manner that it does not crystallize. Almost all types of materials are capable of glass formation, including polymers, metal alloys and molten salts. Given such diversity, general principles by which different glass-forming materials can be systematically classified are invaluable. One such principle is the classification of glass-formers according to their fragility. Fragility measures the rapidity with which a liquid's properties (such as viscosity) change as the glassy state is approached. Although the relationship between the fragility, configurational entropy and features of the energy landscape (the complicated dependence of energy on configuration) of a glass-former have been analysed previously, a detailed understanding of the origins of fragility is lacking. Here I use simulations to analyse the relationship between fragility and quantitative measures of the energy landscape for a model liquid whose fragility depends on its bulk density. The results reveal that fragility depends on changes in the vibrational properties of individual energy minima in addition to their total number and spread in energy. A thermodynamic expression for fragility is derived, which is in quantitative agreement with kinetic fragilities obtained from the liquid's diffusivity.     

Thermodynamic determination of fragility in La-based glass-forming liquid

Differences in the thermodynamic functions between the liquid and crystalline states of La-based bulk metallic glasses alloys were calculated with the specific heat capacity Cp and the fusion heat ΔHf,which we measured. Fragility indexes having different thermodynamic definitions were calculated from the temperature dependence of excess entropy ΔSliq-cry. It is ambiguous for La-based glass-forming liquid to evaluate fragility from the intercepts of ΔSliq-cry-temperature curves. We found that the thermodynam...     

玻璃形成液体其内在结构中的二十面体

采用分子动力学模拟(molecular dynamics简称MD)的方法,并利用势能曲面(potential energy landscape简称PEL)理论对玻璃形成液体进行研究.在模拟中,键角分布序参数(An)被首先应用于描述二元玻璃形成液体其内在结构(Inherent Structure简称IS)中的结构序.通过计算An,得出了一般液体和IS液体中六面体、八面体和二十面体结构随温度的变化情况.在IS液体中二十面体序所占比例明显多于一般液体.在IS液体中,六面体、八面体的结构随温度的变化不是很明显,而二十面体结构随着温度的变化呈现出一定的规律.得出了二十面体是IS的主要变化的结构.玻璃转变是一般液体接近IS的过程,同时也是二十面体增多的过程.     

低密度玻璃化液体中力学模量与脆性的关联研究

利用低密度玻璃化液体的径向分布函数,导出过冷液体脆性与玻璃化温度、体模量和剪切模量的比值及与柏松比之间简单明确的关系.此结论定性地与实验结果一致.并为各种玻璃化液体的研究,提供有效的途径.     

快速接入无线局域网解决方案

为顺应人们快速接入网络的要求,根据无线网络的工作原理以及用户对网络性能的要求,制定了采用CISCO设备实现快速接入无线局域网的一个解决方案,以此来达到移动的、稳定的、高速的、安全的接入网络.实验表明,此解决方案基本上可以满足当前的办公及家庭娱乐需求.     

用状态方程研究硬球模型液体的声速及其热力学关系

将基于分布函数理论的状态方程应用于硬球模型液体，给出了超声波声速及其热力学关系的表达式，计算结果与实验值符合较好     

喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱性现状区划初探—以贵州省乌江流域为例

本文以贵州乌江流域的42个县(市)为例,论述了喀斯特地区生态环境脆弱性区划的主要原则,探讨了脆弱性区划的指标,并进行了量化。在此基础上,用灰色关联度分析并确定了各影响因子(即区划因子)的权重,经过综合评判,笔者把流域内生态环境脆弱性划分为五种类型。并提出了相应的防治对策。     

城市地貌环境的脆弱性研究

城市地貌环境具有两大地域系统和三类地貌单元。由于城市中人类活动产生的反馈效应日益强化，城市地貌环境具有明显的脆弱性，表现为：环境变异敏感度高，环境的持续利用性降低和环境对灾变的承受弹性较小。     

古代汉语与佛教渊源简论

汉语在发展过程中，大量吸收了外来文化的精髓，这主要表现在词汇上。通过古代汉语词语对佛教的吸收的三个主要途径的论述，指出中国古代汉语言与佛教有着极深的渊源。     

A thermodynamic explanation for black smoker temperatures

There is a remarkable difference between the maximum temperature of black smoker effluent (350 degrees C-400 degrees C) and the temperature of the solidifying magma which heats it (approximately 1,200 degrees C). It has been suspected for some time that the nonlinear thermodynamic properties of water might be responsible for this discrepancy. Here, we translate this hypothesis into a physical model, by examining the internal temperature structure of convection cells in a porous medium. We demonstrate that, at pressures appropriate to seafloor crust, plumes of pure water form naturally at approximately 400 degrees C for any heat source with temperature greater than approximately 500 degrees C. Higher temperatures are confined to a boundary layer at the base of the convection cell, where the flow is horizontal. The phenomenon is explained analytically using the thermodynamic properties of water, and is illustrated by numerical simulations. Our model predicts the existence of the high-temperature 'reaction zone' found in ophiolites and suggests that vent temperatures will remain steady as magma chambers solidify and cool.     

Delphi中数据库的动态连接研究

现在的信息管理系统发展势头非常好，但是经常出现发布后的前台应用程序和后台的数据库连接设为静态，将系统移植到其他的计算机上就比较麻烦。于是我采用动态的方式来连接，即应用程序留出端口供用户设置，这样就比较方便了．主要介绍了用Delphi语言开发信息管理系统中应用程序和数据库的动态连接的理论基础和具体实现过程。     

磷铁掺钴制备磷化二钴的热力学研究

用"物质吉布斯自由能法"对磷铁掺钴制备磷化二钴进行了热力学研究.结果表明:在298～1600 K的范围内,FeP、Fe2 P与Co反应制备Co2 P可行,吉布斯自由能分别由-60.96、-27.55 kJ/mol升高至-33.40、-15.48 kJ/mol.对应反应的标准平衡常数与温度的关系分别为:lg Kθ1=34...     

HFC－134a状态方程的比较

本文论述了ＨＦＣ－１３４ａ状态方程的发展，对几个重要的方程式与实验数据进行了比较，发现Ｐｉａｏ方程式是工况范围内最佳关系式．     

溶剂萃取法制备碳酸盐的热力学讨论

向金属氯化物(Ⅰ)的水溶液中通入CO_2气体,以期制备相应的碳酸盐和酸式碳酸盐,在常温常压下,体系的△G>0,反应几乎是不可能的。向反应体系中加入有机溶剂(S),使生成的HCl即被萃取,可促进Ⅰ的继续转化。分析计算表明,S对HCl必须有很强的萃取能力,其K_萃须在10~5以上。研究了加入有机溶剂N_(235)前后,体系的热力学状态、函数及其变化。加入N_(235)后,K_萃值增大了5个数量级。考察了温度、时间和通气次数对系统热力学性质的影响。根据反应的耦合原理和热力学分析,提出萃取剂选择的原则。结合实验数据的估算说明:溶剂萃取法由Ⅰ和CO_2制备碳酸盐的工艺路线是可行的。     

基于ATM网络的虚连接技术

通过对ATM网络的分析，阐述了虚连接的概念，并介绍了在ATM网络中建立虚连接的方法和措施。     

一种数据库连接池的动态控制策略

分析了传统数据库连接池的不足，提出了一种能根据连接请求数来动态地改变连接池内连接数目的策略。 该策略的核心延迟释放算法能有效地控制每个连接的释放时机，使连接池既能在常规条件下满足正常的连接需 求，又能应对大量的突发需求，而且该策略还能有效地节约系统资源和通信资源。测试结果显示，在有大量突发连 接需求的环境中，使用该策略的连接池表现出了优于传统连接池的性能。