低煤级煤平衡水条件下的吸附实验研究

基于13个低煤级煤样平衡水条件下的高压等温吸附实验，分析了低煤级煤的朗格缪尔常数与平衡水分、煤级、显微煤岩组分、比孔容和比表面积之间的关系，揭示了低煤级煤的吸附特征与中、高煤级煤之间的差异，探讨了低煤级煤的吸附机理。     

温度对平衡水分煤样吸附常数影响的实验研究

基于两组平衡水分煤样的高压等温吸附实验,探讨了煤的吸附常数与温度的关系,并与前人的研究结果进行了对比．实验表明：平衡水分煤样条件下,饱和吸附量随温度的升高变化趋势不明显,总体略有下降;干燥煤样条件下,饱和吸附量随温度的升高变化幅度较大,下降明显．平衡水分煤样和干燥煤样得出的结果相差较大．由于平衡水分煤样更接近实际煤储层,因此研究煤的吸附性能时,建议采用平衡水分煤样．     

高阶煤的吸附性能及其影响因素——以沁水盆地柿庄区块为例

对沁水盆地柿庄区块48件煤样进行煤岩测试、工业分析和平衡水等温吸附实验,分析了柿庄区块煤储层的吸附性能,探讨了高阶煤储层吸附性能的影响因素。实验表明,柿庄区块煤储层吸附能力较大,3号和15号煤平均兰氏体积分别为31.84 m3/t和33.00 m3/t,2层煤的兰氏压力中等偏低。研究表明,煤级是影响煤储层吸附能力的主控因素,兰氏体积随煤级的增大而增大,但当Ro大于3.2%时,兰氏体积逐渐下降。煤的吸附能力与镜质组含量呈正相关,与惰质组含量呈负相关,煤中水分和矿物的存在会降低煤储层的吸附性能。研究区兰氏压力的变化与兰氏体积相似。     

河北省煤储层物性特征分析

根据煤田地质勘探实测资料,结合汞孔径测试、扫描电镜显微裂隙观测、煤层气试井分析成果及等温吸附曲线,分析河北省煤储层物性特征。结果显示：煤层饱和吸附量受煤级控制,煤级增加,吸附能力增大;随煤层埋深增加,煤层含气量和甲烷体积分数均呈增大趋势;中孔在褐煤中比较发育,而在其他煤级中例外;储层中宏观裂隙与宏观煤岩类型关系密切;显微裂隙发育程度镜煤好于亮煤,低煤级煤好于高煤级煤;峰峰、万全、大城矿区试井渗透率较高,开平煤田不同地区煤储层渗透性变化较大。该研究为河北省煤层气的合理开发提供了依据。     

煤与页岩低温氮吸附孔隙结构特征与分形特征对比——以阳泉地区山西组15#煤与页岩为例

以山西组高煤级煤与页岩样品为例,通过低温氮气吸附实验研究了样品的孔隙结构特征,并基于FHH分形模型计算了样品的分维值,对页岩与煤层的孔隙分形特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:页岩样品以微孔为主,同时含有一定量的过渡孔,主要的储集空间由微孔和过渡孔提供。高煤级煤样品以过渡孔为主,主要的储集空间由过渡孔提供。在测试孔径范围内,页岩样品的比表面积远大于高煤级煤。页岩的孔隙形态上以四周开放的平行板孔和裂缝型孔为主,具有部分细颈瓶孔,高煤级煤的孔隙形态以封闭型孔为主,反映页岩储层微观渗流能力更强,可能是页岩中游离气比例高于煤层的原因之一。页岩与高煤级煤均具有显著的分形特征,页岩样品分维值高于高煤级煤,说明页岩孔隙的空间结构比高煤级煤更为复杂,非均质性更强;同时二者均具有双重分形特征,页岩渗流孔分维值低于吸附孔,反映页岩吸附孔孔隙结构更为复杂。与页岩相比,高煤级煤渗流孔和吸附孔的分维值均小于页岩,孔径分布集中于过渡孔,有利于煤层气快速到达产气高峰;而页岩孔径分布则集中于微孔和过渡孔,吸附气含量更高,并且过渡孔的孔隙结构以平行板孔为主,孔隙结构特征较微孔简单。     

混合煤样中软分层对煤与瓦斯突出的影响

在单一煤体吸附瓦斯的基础上,选用某煤矿硬煤和软煤,按照不同的厚度比进行分层混合,模拟煤层中软分层。运用Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,对混合煤样中软分层的吸附性质及其存在对煤与瓦斯突出的影响进行了研究。实验中利用自行研制的高压瓦斯吸附仪,对不同厚度比的混合煤样吸附瓦斯气体的等温吸附曲线、吸附常数a,b进行实验分析,并得出吸附量随压力的变化形态和吸附常数a,b随硬煤和软煤厚度比的变化形态。分析结果发现在软分层与其上覆硬煤层厚度近似相等时,发生突出的危险性最大,并通过理论分析说明了软分层的存在,煤层易发生煤与瓦斯突出的原因。为煤与瓦斯突出机理的研究提供了理论基础,开辟了新思路。     

低渗煤中氮气与二氧化碳气体吸附的表征模型

地质领域常以等温吸附试验为研究方法,探究煤中气体之间的吸附行为。以刘庄矿13煤为研究对象,开展了N₂、CO₂气体吸附实验,在综合分析拟合回归系数平方R²、模型计算值与实验值的残差平方和v与相对误差s的基础上,选出低渗煤中气体吸附的最佳吸附模型。结果表明：对于低渗煤中N₂吸附的模型拟合精度由高到低为：优化L模型>优化D-A模型>优化D-R模型>D-A模型>L模型>D-R模型>F模型;对于低渗煤中CO₂吸附的模型拟合精度由高到低为：优化L模型>优化D-A模型=优化D-R模型>D-A模型>L模型>D-R模型>F模型。实验结果可作为低渗煤层中气体吸附及CO₂封存提供地质依据。     

煤吸附水特性的研究

主要分析了煤吸附水的机理及其对吸附瓦斯的影响。分析表明,煤对水分子的吸附从本质上是由于水分子与煤表面分子相互吸引的结果,它们之间的作用力主要包括van der Waals力和氢键。van der Waals力来源于原子和分子间的色散力、取向力(静电力)、诱导力和交换力4种作用。由于水分子与煤表面分子的作用力比较强,煤中水分的存在降低了煤的甲烷吸附量。     

煤吸附研究现状与展望

煤的吸附与煤的氧化风化、燃烧与自燃、矿井瓦斯含量等有直接关系。本文介绍了近年来关于煤吸附气体以及液体的相关研究,并对于煤的吸附性的研究与应用进行了展望。     

注入CO_2提高煤层气井产能技术的作用机理

向煤层中注入CO2可以提高煤层气采收率(CO2-ECBM)。这一技术目前已在国内外得到验证。中文介绍了该技术的作用机理在于CO2与CH4在煤体内的竞争吸附过程中处于优势,能够将吸附态的CH4置换为游离态。从煤级、煤的有机显微组分、煤储层渗透率、煤基质的吸附膨胀和煤层含水性5各方面介绍了这一技术的影响因素。指出了未来需要关注的方向。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that