茭白低温胁迫下内参基因筛选和相关基因表达分析

为探究低温胁迫下茭白的最适内参基因，分别以低温(4℃)胁迫0,3,6,12,24,48,96 h的茭白叶片为材料，通过qRT-PCR技术和geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, ReFinder软件分析8个候选内参基因ACT,H2B,UBQ,GAPDH,β-actin,60s,SKIP,AQP的表达稳定性；并利用筛选出的最适内参基因组合β-actin,H2B和ACT对响应低温胁迫相关基因的表达水平进行分析.结果表明：在低温胁迫中CDPK的表达量在前期上调，随后下调；DREB/CBF的表达量也有上调，但总体呈现波动变化；ICE1和WRKY的表达量先显著上调，在24 h达到较高水平，后期表达量下降.结果显示，这些基因在茭白中可能以不同的方式响应低温胁迫，为后续茭白低温响应分子机制的研究奠定了基础.     

工业大麻种子萌发及渗透胁迫下实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为了筛选适用于工业大麻种子正常萌发与渗透胁迫下萌发的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)内参基因,研究以‘云麻7号’种子为试验材料,设置正常萌发和20%PEG渗透胁迫下萌发处理.利用qRT-PCR技术对10个候选参考基因（CDPK,e IF4E,TIP41,UBQ,EF1α,PP2A,Actin,Clathrin,TUB,DHS2）在3个萌发时间点（萌发3、5、7 d）幼苗中的表达量进行检测.通过GeNorm、Normfinder和BestKeeper三种软件包对内参基因表达稳定性进行评价,再利用RefFinder在线软件进行综合分析,从而获得稳定、适宜的内参基因.结果表明,在工业大麻种子正常萌发过程中,PP2A基因的稳定性最好.在渗透胁迫下的种子萌发中,UBQ基因的稳定性最好.综合两组结果得出,eIF4E内参基因的表达最稳定.研究结果确定了工业大麻种子萌发及渗透胁迫下进行qRT-PCR分析的最适内参基因,为今后研究工业大麻种子萌发响应渗透胁迫相关基因的表达提供前期基础.     

盐胁迫下蚕豆不同组织实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

为筛选出蚕豆盐胁迫下不同组织中表达稳定的内参基因,本研究以不同浓度氯化钠胁迫下的蚕豆叶片、茎、根为材料,利用实时荧光定量PCR技术检测ELF1 A、ACT2、GAPA、18S rRNA、TUA和CYP2六个候选内参基因的表达情况;通过Ct值分析、及GeNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper软件综合分析候选...     

多氯联苯胁迫下红树蚬荧光定量PCR内参基因的筛选

【目的】筛选出多氯联苯(PCBs)胁迫下红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)的实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)最适内参基因,为进一步开展分子毒理学研究奠定基础。【方法】以β?actin、18S rRNA、GAPDH和#?tubulin为候选内参基因,qRT-PCR测定PCBs胁迫下4个候选内参基因在红树蚬外套膜、鳃、闭壳肌和肝胰腺组织中的表达水平,应用geNorm、NormFinder和BestKeeper软件分析其表达稳定性。【结果】geNorm软件分析表明β?actin表达最稳定;NormFinder软件分析发现,外套膜、鳃和肝胰腺组织中β?actin的稳定性最好,闭壳肌组织中β?actin(0.454)表达稳定性略微低于#?tubulin(0.425),排第2位;BestKeeper软件分析表明,外套膜和鳃组织中β?actin最稳定,肝胰腺和闭壳肌组织中GAPDH最稳定,β?actin排位第2位。【结论】筛选β?actin为红树蚬在PCBs胁迫下的qRT-PCR最适内参基因。     

杂色鲍幼虫变态及TR干扰下内参基因的筛选

内参基因的稳定性对实时定量PCR的结果影响巨大。采用Ge Norm、norm Finder和Ref Finder三款软件比较了鲍变态和干扰幼虫甲状腺激素受体(TR)两种情况下内参基因的稳定性。软件分析了EIF5A、OAZ1、YB1、RPL3、RPS9和ACT等6个候选内参基因的C_t值,据此获得各基因的稳定值。在杂色鲍幼虫的变态过程中,EIF5A稳定性最高,排名平均数为1,表明该基因可以作为这一阶段实时定量PCR的内参基因,但是在干扰TR情况下,EIF5A的稳定性下降,排名平均数为3.91。RPS9则与之相反,在变态过程该基因表达稳定性最差,而在干扰TR时表达稳定性最好。ACT在两种情况下稳定性较好,排名平均数均位列第二位,可以作为这两种情况下的通用内参基因。其他基因的稳定性在这两种情况下也发生剧烈变换。这表明内参基因的稳定与样品具体处理情况关系密切。为了保证定量PCR结果的准确性,需要针对具体处理情况相应地进行内参基因的稳定性评估。     

鸭GAPDH基因实时荧光定量PCR方法的建立

本研究旨在建立鸭GAPDH基因的real-time PCR技术,为鸭功能基因mRNA水平的定量分析提供有用的方法学基础.根据GenBank中鸭GAPDH基因的序列设计引物,建立了基于SYBR Green I染料技术的real-time PCR方法.结果表明,所建立的方法具有快速、高通量、线性范围广以及重复性强等特点.研究结果为鸭GAPDH作为内参基因用于鸭相关基因定量表达分析奠定了基础.     

六溴环十二烷胁迫下红树蚬荧光定量PCR内参基因稳定性分析

【目的】筛选出不同浓度六溴环十二烷(HBCD)胁迫下红树蚬(Polymesoda erosa)实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的最适内参基因,用以准确校准目的基因的表达,为进一步开展分子毒理研究和开发分子生物标志物奠定基础。【方法】通过荧光定量PCR技术监测候选内参18S核糖体RNA(18S rRNA)、β-肌动蛋白(β-actin)、甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶(GAPDH)、α-微管蛋白(α-tubulin)等管家基因,在红树蚬各组织受不同浓度(0μg/L、0.86μg/L、8.6μg/L)六溴环十二烷(HBCD)胁迫后的表达量,利用qRT-PCR及geNorm、NormFinder、BestKeeper等分析软件对不同条件下的表达数据进行处理,从而筛选出适合荧光定量PCR的最佳内参基因。【结果】受不同浓度HBCD胁迫后,鳃及肝胰中各管家基因的表达稳定性排序整体为β-actin=α-tubulinGAPDH18S rRNA。【结论】可单独或共同使用两个内参基因(β-actin、α-tubulin)校准荧光定量结果。     

节旋藻实时荧光定量PCR内参基因的选择

本实验利用实时荧光定量PCR对极大节选藻中16SrRNA、TEF(翻译延伸因子,GTPases)、RPL13(核糖体蛋白)、PSR(藻蓝蛋白β亚基)、CYP(亲环素家族)、GAPDH(甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶)、Hsp(热休克蛋白)和rpoD(RNA聚合酶σ70因子)八个候选基因在正常生长和持续光照条件下的稳定性进行了检测。用geNorm软件对实验数据进行处理,从中选出合适的内参基因。结果表明RPL13和CYP38可以作为正常生长和持续光照处理下极大节选藻节律性研究通用的内参基因16SrRNA基因的稳定性要低于其他的候选内参基因,并不是一个合适的内参基因。     

藜麦内参基因筛选及盐胁迫相关基因表达分析

为了利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative Real-Time PCR,qRT-PCR)分析藜麦(Chenopodium quinoa Willd)相关基因表达,提高结果的准确性,筛选出稳定表达的内参基因至关重要.我们分别利用geNorm、NormFinder和Bestkeeper程序分析了6个藜麦候选内参基因在NaCl胁迫下表达的稳定性,并用实时荧光定量PCR技术对藜麦盐胁迫相关基因P5CS1和CMO基因相对表达量进行分析.结果表明,藜麦在NaCl胁迫下ACT-1和TUB-6做为内参基因表达最稳定,为最佳内参基因;藜麦P5CS1基因表达水平上调6倍左右,CMO基因上调30～40倍.本研究为NaCl胁迫下藜麦基因表达分析提供了可靠的内参基因,并且对NaCl胁迫下P5CS1和CMO基因表达情况做出初步分析.     

扩展青霉菌实时定量PCR内参基因挖掘与应用

实时定量聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction, PCR)技术因其高效且便捷的特点在基因表达检测中被广泛应用。实时定量PCR结果数据处理策略之一是使用内参基因进行基因表达数据的标准化。文章基于扩展青霉菌孢子不同生长阶段的RNA-seq数据，挖掘和注释了694个稳定表达的候选内参基因；随机挑选出Knr4、Isy1、Spt5、Nucb、Hp1、Hp2、Whth、Hp3、Gph3、Pwi、Taf4、Hp4、Asy、GTPase在内的14个基因，以4、25℃条件下PDB培养基生长6、12、24、36 h的扩展青霉菌为材料，进行实时定量PCR实验。实时定量PCR数据基于geNorm和NormFinder 2种软件的综合分析，表明Isy1、Spt5、Nucb、Hp1适合作为内参基因。以Isy1和Spt5分别作为内参基因，检测Gh30基因在4、25℃条件下扩展青霉菌生长发育过程中的基因表达，显示出一致的基因表达水平，进一步验证了挖掘得到的内参基因的可靠性。该研究为扩展青霉菌的分子生物学研究提供了优良的内参基因，同时提供了一种高效的内参基因的挖掘和鉴定方法。     

Suitable internal control genes for qRT-PCR normalization in cotton fiber development and somatic embryogenesis

The mechanisms of cotton fiber development and somatic embryogenesis have been explored sys-tematically with microarray and suppression subtractive hybridization. Real-time RT-PCR provides the simultaneous measurement of gene expression in many different samples,with which the data from microarray or others can be confirmed in detail. To achieve accurate and reliable gene expression re-sults,normalization of real-time PCR data against one or several internal control genes is required,which should not fluctuate in different tissues during various stages of development. We assessed the gene expression of 7 frequently used housekeeping genes,including 18S rRNA,Histone3,UBQ7,Actin,Cyclophilin,Gbpolyubiquitin-1 and Gbpolyubiquitin-2,in a diverse set of 21 cotton samples. For fiber developmental series the expression of all housekeeping genes had the same down tendency after 17 DPA. But the expression of the AGP gene(arabinogalactan protein) that has high expression level at the later fiber development stage was up-regulated from 15 to 27 DPA. So the relative absolute quanti-fication should be an efficient and convenient method for the fiber developmental series. The expres-sion of nonfiber tissues series varied not so much against the fiber developmental series. And three best control genes Histone3,UBQ7 and Gbpolyubiquitin-1 have to be used in a combinated way to get better normalization.     

淫羊藿煎剂对雌性贡鸡免疫和生殖器官的影响

目的：研究不同剂量的淫羊藿煎制剂对雌性贡鸡免疫器官和生殖器官指数的影响.方法：对3日龄雏鸡每日灌注不同剂量的淫羊藿煎制剂,于21日龄测定免疫器官和生殖器官指数.结果：法氏囊指数和胸腺指数升高不显著（P>0.05）,脾脏和雌性生殖器官指数升高显著（P<0.05）.结论：淫羊藿作为鸡饲料添加剂可以提高雌鸡抗病能力和繁殖性能.     

阿特拉津对泥鳅性腺及性别分化相关基因的影响

以泥鳅为材料,首先确定了阿特拉津对泥鳅的急性毒性.在此基础上采用组织学切片和实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)的方法研究了阿特拉津长期处理对泥鳅性腺形态和性别分化相关基因表达模式的影响,以期准确评估阿特拉津的环境毒性和对水生生物生殖发育的作用.结果表明:阿特拉津对泥鳅的24h、48h、96h的半数致死浓度(LC50)分别为31.60mg/L、26.82mg/L、18.98mg/L,安全质量浓度(SC)为5.8mg/L.随着阿特拉津浓度的增加和处理时间的延长,泥鳅的死亡率明显的升高.通过组织学研究发现高浓度的阿特拉津(2.68 mg/L)处理泥鳅21d能够抑制泥鳅精巢精子的发生,促进卵巢细胞的发育.同时qRT-PCR结果显示:与对照组相比不同剂量的阿特拉津(2.68mg/L,0.268mg/L,0.0268mg/L)能够显著的诱导细胞色素P450芳香化酶基因(cyp19a),类固醇生成因子(sf1)的表达,对抗缪勒氏管激素(amh)有显著的抑制效应.因此,阿特拉津对泥鳅有明显的外源雌激素效应;通过干扰类固醇激素合成基因的表达影响生殖细胞的生成;也通过某种未知的机制干扰性别分化上游基因的表达,从而影响性腺分化.     

甜菜硝酸还原酶活性分析及基因片段的克隆

为了明确缺氮条件下甜菜NR的活性,用活体测定法检测了经缺氮胁迫不同时间后甜菜叶中NR活性．结果表明,随着缺氮处理时间的延长,甜菜叶中的NR活性逐渐降低,在缺氯处理1h后,其活性下降较快．用50mmol／1．KNO3溶液处理的甜菜幼苗总RNA,通过RT—PCR分离得到了硝酸还原酶基因片段,长度为471bp,Blast分析表明,其与Genbank中硝酸还原酶基因部分序列具有高度同源性．     

菠菜叶酸合成代谢途径基因鉴定及表达谱分析

从菠菜（Spinacia oleracea L.）基因组数据库中筛选鉴定了与菠菜叶酸合成转运,及与C1代谢相关的25个基因,并对其编码的蛋白做进化树和保守域分析,发现叶酸蛋白在进化上表现出保守型和复杂性。用实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（qRT-PCR）分析了叶酸含量不同的菠菜的叶酸相关基因表达量,发现在转录水平上只有少数叶酸基因表达量与菠菜叶酸含量有关。     

Gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to cruciferous weeds under mentor pollen inducement

The alien gene flow between genetically modified glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and four cruciferous weeds was studied under mentor pollen inducement. The results showed that when Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsute L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser were pollinated with mentor pollen, the mixed Q3 and the weed, pollen grains aggregated largely and germinated quickly, and the numbers of pollen tubes penetrating into the style and the ovary were greatly increased as compared with corresponding self-pollination groups. Twenty four to forty eight hours after pollination, several pollen tubes were observed to penetrate into the ovule via micropyle in each mentor combination. However, when the mentor progenies were analyzed by PCR, all of them showed negative for the Q3 herbicide-resistant gene. Collectively, these results indicated that crossing between T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsuta, R. palustris (as female) and Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible and the herbicide-resistant gene could not flow from Q3 to these four weeds.     

Gene flow from transgenic oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) to cruciferous weeds under mentor pollen inducement

The alien gene flow between genetically modified glyphosate-resistant rapeseed variety Q3 (Brassica napus L.) and four cruciferous weeds was studied under mentor pollen inducement. The results showed that when Thlaspi arvense L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medic, Cardamine hirsute L. and Rorippa palustris (L.) Besser were pollinated with mentor pollen, the mixed Q3 and the weed, pollen grains aggregated largely and germinated quickly, and the numbers of pollen tubes penetrating into the style and the ovary were greatly increased as compared with corresponding self-pollination groups. Twenty four to forty eight hours after pollination, several pollen tubes were observed to penetrate into the ovule via micropyle in each mentor combination. However, when the mentor progenies were analyzed by PCR, all of them showed negative for the Q3 herbicide-resistant gene. Collectively, these results indicated that crossing between T. arvense, C. bursa-pastoris, C. hirsuta, R. palustris (as female) and Q3 (as male) was highly incompatible and the herbicide-resistant gene could not flow from Q3 to these four weeds.     

SPL转录因子调控植物花发育及其分子机制研究进展

SPL(squamosa promoter-binding protein-like)转录因子是植物所特有的一类基因家族,广泛存在于绿色植物中,在植物生长发育中具有重要作用。花发育是植物生殖发育中最为重要的一个过程,涉及不同发育方式的转变,即开花决定、花的发端和花器官发生与发育。简要综述了SPL基因的结构与功能并着重阐述了SPL基因在植物花发育过程中的分子机制及生物学功能。最后总结出: SPL转录因子可直接或间接通过参与光周期途径,赤霉素途径及年龄途径来调控植物的开花时间; SPL基因可通过直接激活下游花分生组织特异基因,如LEAFY(LFY),从而调控植物的成花转变; SPL基因可通过与下游花器官特征基因相互作用来调控花器官及其育性的发育,如调控花序、花柄的长度与外形及花器官的大小; SPL基因可调控植物大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育。据拟南芥的相关研究结果,初步构绘出拟南芥开花调控中的分子机制。     

菠菜乙醇酸氧化酶基因家族的鉴定及表达分析

在菠菜全基因组中鉴定了菠菜(Spinacia oleracea L.)乙醇酸氧化酶(GLO)家族成员,并对其理化性质、亚细胞定位、基因结构、保守基序、同源关系及基因表达进行了分析,发现菠菜中存在5个SoGLOs蛋白,通过进化树分析,菠菜GLO蛋白与甜菜GLO蛋白亲缘关系较近.通过基因结构分析发现该家族基因由9～11个外显子构成.实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应(qRT-PCR)结果表明:硝态氮仅能短期诱导SoGLOs的表达,而铵态氮可以持续抑制SoGLOs的表达,从而影响菠菜草酸的含量.在胁迫处理后,SoGLOs的表达均有明显变化,SoGLO1,SoGLO3和SoGLO5对盐胁迫的响应最明显,SoGLOs可能在菠菜的抗盐、耐高温、耐寒、抗旱以及抗氧化过程中起作用.植物激素的喷施普遍使SoGLOs的表达在短时间内增加,这可能引起菠菜体内草酸的快速积累.     

High-quality reference genes for quantifying the transcriptional responses of Oryza sativa L. (ssp. indica and japonica) to abiotic stress conditions

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is important to food security and is also an excellent model plant for numerous cereal crops. A functional genomics study in rice includes characterization of the expression dynamics of genes by quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) analysis; this is a significant key for developing rice varieties that perform well in the face of adverse climate change. The qPCR analysis requires the use of appropriate reference genes in order to make any quantitative interpretations meaningful. Here, the new potential reference genes were selected from a huge public database of rice microarray experiments. The expression stability of 14 candidates and 4 conventional reference genes was validated by geNorm PLUS and NormFinder software. Seven candidates are superior to the conventionally used reference genes in qPCR and three genes can be used reliably for quantitating the expression of genes involved in abiotic stress responses. These high-quality references EP (LOC_Os05g08980), HNR (LOC_Os01g71770), and TBC (LOC_Os09g34040) worked very well in three indica genotypes and one japonica genotype. One of indica genotypes including the Jasmine rice, KDML105 developed in Thailand for which no reference genes have been reported until now.