全氟聚乙醚表面活性剂的结构和亲水性质的量子化学研究

采用量子化学从头算方法研究了全氟聚乙醚羧酸及其负离子的平衡几何构型以及负离子的二水合物和四水合物的氢键作用能,探讨了羧酸根－COO^-的亲水性质,计算发现,氟原子均带有负电荷,并包围C－C－0链形成带有负电荷的氟醚链,且－COO^-是一个很强的亲水基,能与2个或4个水分子生成很强的氢键,水合作用能分别为－188.242kJ/mol和－226.311kJ/mol.     

精氨酸侧链与生物小分子间离子氢键强度的快速计算

提出了1种快速模拟生物分子间离子氢键作用的新方法,并将该方法用于计算模拟带有1个正电荷的精氨酸侧链与甘氨酸二肽分子、碱基尿嘧啶分子、碱基胸腺嘧啶分子等中性分子间的N—H…O=C离子氢键相互作用.计算结果表明:新方法可以快速计算带电精氨酸侧链分子和甘氨酸二肽分子、碱基尿嘧啶分子、碱基胸腺嘧啶分子间形成的N—H…O=C离子氢键的平衡氢键键长和分子间相互作用能;得到的平衡氢键键长与从头计算MP2/6-31+G(d,p)方法得到的平衡氢键键长的绝对偏差均小于0.005nm;分子间相互作用能与从头计算MP2.5/CBS方法得到的分子间相互作用能的绝对误差均小于8.2kJ/mol,相对偏差均小于5.5%;在同等计算条件下,新方法的计算效率比从头计算方法快数千倍以上.这些结果表明新方法准确快捷,在生物大分子体系的分子模拟领域有潜在应用价值.     

甲烷水合物(可燃冰)结构-Ⅰ的分子间势能的量子化学研究

采用Hartree-Fork,4种DFT(BLYP,B3LYP,MPW1PW91,SVWN5)和MP2方法研究了甲烷水合物结构-Ⅰ的氢键和范德华能.甲烷分子取HF/6-31G(d,p)优化构型,水分子选用ST2模型.水分子间的氢键能Ebb(l)和甲烷-水分子间的范德华能Evdw(l)作为正十二面体边长l的函数,用HF/6-31G(d,p)和4种DFT方法做计算,保持水分子和甲烷分子的构型不变,在几个关键点上选用MP2方法做了计算.计算中选用6-31G(d,p)基组,分别用完全平衡校正和不完全校正法进行校正,这两种方法给出了基组重叠误差(BSSE)的上限和下限.DFT/B3LYP方法计算的氧-氧距离Ro-o=0.280 nm和碳-氧距离Rc-o=0.392 nm最接近于实验值0.282 nm和0.395 nm.所有计算方法(HF,DFT,MP2)都表明,甲烷水合物结构-Ⅰ是一个由超强氢键(30～36 kJ/mol)组成的稳定结构,其氢键能远大于水分子二聚体和冰Ⅰ4晶格中的氢键能((-22.6±2.9)kJ/mol和(-21.7±0.5)kJ/mol).这些数据为气体水合物的Lennand-Jones和Kihara势能函数提供了基本参数,可用于气体水合物的分子动力学模拟.     

甲酰胺二聚体氢键结构性质的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论B3LYP方法和6-311＋＋G＊＊基函数对甲酰胺二聚体进行结构优化与频率计算.结果表明,甲酰胺二聚体存在两个稳定氢键异构体,分别具有非平面C1对称性和平面Cs对称性.二聚体分子间有强的相互作用,经基组重叠误差BSSE和零点振动能ZPE校正后的相互作用能为-20.14和-27.40 kJ/mol.氢键的形成导致H—N伸缩振动频率红移.298.15 K和标准状态下,二聚体形成过程的Gibbs自由能为15.56和18.82 kJ/mol,显示甲酰胺二聚体的形成反应是一个非自发过程.     

甲烷水合物(可燃冰)结构-I的分子间势能的量子化学研究

采用H artree-Fork,4种DFT(BLYP,B3LYP,M PW 1PW 91,SVWN 5)和M P2方法研究了甲烷水合物结构-I的氢键和范德华能.甲烷分子取HF/6-31G(d,p)优化构型,水分子选用ST 2模型.水分子间的氢键能Ehb(l)和甲烷-水分子间的范德华能EvdW(l)作为正十二面体边长l的函数,用HF/6-31G(d,p)和4种DFT方法做计算,保持水分子和甲烷分子的构型不变,在几个关键点上选用M P2方法做了计算.计算中选用6-31G(d,p)基组,分别用完全平衡校正和不完全校正法进行校正,这两种方法给出了基组重叠误差(BSSE)的上限和下限.DFT/B3LYP方法计算的氧-氧距离RO-O=0.280 nm和碳-氧距离RC-O=0.392 nm最接近于实验值0.282 nm和0.395 nm.所有计算方法(HF,DFT,M P2)都表明,甲烷水合物结构-I是一个由超强氢键(30~36 kJ/m o l)组成的稳定结构,其氢键能远大于水分子二聚体和冰I4晶格中的氢键能((-22.6±2.9)kJ/m o l和(-21.7±0.5)kJ/m o l).这些数据为气体水合物的Lennand-Jones和K ihara势能函数提供了基本参数,可用于气体水合物的分子动力学模拟.     

二氮杂苯与水分子复合物的DFT研究

在B3LYP/6-31++G**理论水平研究了二氮杂苯-(水)2簇复合物基态氢键相互作用.进行构型优化和频率计算分别得到无虚频稳定的邻二氮杂苯-(水)2复合物、间二氮杂苯-(水)2复合物和对二氮杂苯-(水)2复合物6个、6个和3个,复合物存在较强的氢键作用,复合物结构中形成一个N...H-O氢键并终止于O...H-C氢键的氢键水链构型最稳定.经基组重叠误差和零点振动能校正后,最稳定复合物的相互作用能分别是-50.8,-43.4和-40.9 kJ/mol.振动分析显示N...H-O氢键的形成使复合物中水分子H-O键对称伸缩振动频率减小(红移).     

N—取代全氟聚醚芳酰胺的分子结构特性

采用量子化学方法，全优化计算了6个含N杂芳烃全氟聚醚抗氧抗腐添加剂的平衡几何构型，探讨了这些化合物的结构特征，研究发现，这些添加剂氟醚链上的氟原子带有较多的负电荷，并形成带有负电荷的氟醚链。苯酰胺和氮杂环状部分为平面结构。6个添加剂的HOMO均为π-分子轨道，由共轭大π-键的离域性和HOMO的反应活性预测结果表明，不饱和的共轭体系不仅能与氧自由基结合，还因共轭体系的孤对电子更易转移而与金属形成配位键和化学吸附膜，添加剂的电子结构性质展示出了抗氧抗腐蚀作用。     

C6H6…H2X(X=O、S、Se)复合物中XH…π键的从头计算法研究

在MP2/6-311++G**基组水平下对苯水体系,苯硫化氢体系和苯硒化氢体系可能存在的结构进行了全自由度能量梯度优化,找到了三个能量极小的π氢键结构BW,BS和BSe,它们的结合能分别是-10.25kJ/mol,-9.12kJ/mol,-9.83kJ/mol.通过电荷分析发现了电荷的流向从苯环流向给体的小分子.     

W301水分子在HIV-1蛋白酶和配体ABT-538结合中作用的QM/MM研究

结晶水分子W301在几乎所有的HIV-1蛋白酶（HIV-1PR）和配体的晶体结构中出现．在HIV-1PR中A链天门冬氨酸残基Asp25质子化状态或B链Asp25质子化状态下,QyaraM模拟后MM—GBSA方法计算得到W301水分子在HIV-1PR／ABT-538结合中的自由能贡献分别为-1．6．88kJ／mol、-17．63kJ／mol,W301水分子在HIV-1PR／ABT-538的结合中起到了关键的作用．进一步分析发现W301水分子与HIV-1PR和ABT-538分别形成了两个、四个氢键．     

镁(Ⅱ)-甘氨酸-水三元配合物结构和性质的理论研究

为认识金属离子的生物功能,采用CCSD/6-31++G**∥M06/6-31++G**理论方法系统研究了三元配合物[Mg(Gly)(H2O)n]2+的结构和性质.气相模型下得到的结果为:1)O,O双啮型两性甘氨酸的配位能力最强,比N,O双啮型中性甘氨酸的配位能力强37.6kJ/mol,比2个水分子强约60kJ/mol;2)与Mg2+配位时,O,O双啮型两性甘氨酸优先,结合能达到-669.1kJ/mol;随后4个水分子依次配位,结合能变化值递减,平均为159.1kJ/mol,此时配位键达到饱和数6,体系的结合能达到-1 305.4kJ/mol;3)第5个水分子可通过强氢键(键能为85.5kJ/mol)作用于体系得到次稳定构型,结合能为-1 390.9kJ/mol;也能插入到甘氨酸的O原子与Mg2+之间,取代甘氨酸的1个O原子与Mg2+形成配位键,导致甘氨酸变为单啮配体,这样得到的构型最稳定,结合能达到-1 393.1kJ/mol.液相模型下的构型结构与气相模型相比变化微小,能量次序与气相结果相同.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that