Geomicrobial functional groups: A window on the interaction between life and environments

Microbes are well-known for their great diversity and abundance in modern natural environments.They also are believed to pro-vide critical links among higher organisms and their associated environments.However,the low diversity of morphological fea-tures and structures of ancient microbes preserved in sediments and rocks make them difficult to identify and classify.This diffi-culty greatly hinders the investigation of geomicrobes throughout Earth history.Thus,most previous paleontological studies have focused on faunal and floral fossils.Here,geomicrobial functional groups(GFGs),or a collection of microbes featured in specific ecological,physiological or biogeochemical functions,are suggested to provide a way to overcome the difficulties of ancient mi-crobe investigations.GFGs are known for their great diversity in ecological,physiological and biogeochemical functions.In addi-tion,GFGs may be preserved as the biogeochemical,mineralogical and sedimentological records in sediments and rocks.We reviewed the functions,origins and identification diagnostics of some important GFGs involved in the elemental cycles of carbon,sulfur,nitrogen and iron.GFGs were further discussed with respect to their significant impacts on paleoclimate,sulfur chemistry of ancient seawater,nutritional status of geological environments,and the deposition of Precambrian banded iron formations.     

Terminal Proterozoic reorganization of biogeochemical cycles

The Proterozoic aeon (2,500-540 million years ago) saw episodic increases in atmospheric oxygen content, the evolution of multicellular life and, at its close, an enormous radiation of animal diversity. These profound biological and environmental changes must have been linked, but the underlying mechanisms have been obscure. Here we show that hydrocarbons extracted from Proterozoic sediments in several locations worldwide are derived mainly from bacteria or other heterotrophs rather than from photosynthetic organisms. Biodegradation of algal products in sedimenting matter was therefore unusually complete, indicating that organic material was extensively reworked as it sank slowly through the water column. We propose that a significant proportion of this reworking will have been mediated by sulphate-reducing bacteria, forming sulphide. The production of sulphide and consumption of oxygen near the ocean surface will have inhibited transport of O2 to the deep ocean. We find that preservation of algal-lipid skeletons improves at the beginning of the Cambrian, reflecting the increase in transport by rapidly sinking faecal pellets. We suggest that this rapid removal of organic matter will have increased oxygenation of surface waters, leading to a descent of the O2-sulphide interface to the sea floor and to marked changes in the marine environment, ultimately contributing to the Cambrian radiation.     

延长球头铣刀使用寿命的新探讨

根据球头铣刀铣削方式及铣削参数的特点，采用特有的微分化方法，建立了球头铣刀使用寿命的新数学模型，为科学预测球头铣刀的使用寿命奠定了良好的基础。     

Tracing the stepwise oxygenation of the Proterozoic ocean

Biogeochemical signatures preserved in ancient sedimentary rocks provide clues to the nature and timing of the oxygenation of the Earth's atmosphere. Geochemical data suggest that oxygenation proceeded in two broad steps near the beginning and end of the Proterozoic eon (2,500 to 542 million years ago). The oxidation state of the Proterozoic ocean between these two steps and the timing of deep-ocean oxygenation have important implications for the evolutionary course of life on Earth but remain poorly known. Here we present a new perspective on ocean oxygenation based on the authigenic accumulation of the redox-sensitive transition element molybdenum in sulphidic black shales. Accumulation of authigenic molybdenum from sea water is already seen in shales by 2,650 Myr ago; however, the small magnitudes of these enrichments reflect weak or transient sources of dissolved molybdenum before about 2,200 Myr ago, consistent with minimal oxidative weathering of the continents. Enrichments indicative of persistent and vigorous oxidative weathering appear in shales deposited at roughly 2,150 Myr ago, more than 200 million years after the initial rise in atmospheric oxygen. Subsequent expansion of sulphidic conditions after about 1,800 Myr ago (refs 8, 9) maintained a mid-Proterozoic molybdenum reservoir below 20 per cent of the modern inventory, which in turn may have acted as a nutrient feedback limiting the spatiotemporal distribution of euxinic (sulphidic) bottom waters and perhaps the evolutionary and ecological expansion of eukaryotic organisms. By 551 Myr ago, molybdenum contents reflect a greatly expanded oceanic reservoir due to oxygenation of the deep ocean and corresponding decrease in sulphidic conditions in the sediments and water column.     

基于剩余寿命的寿命分布的几个新的偏序

基于剩余寿命函数,建立了利用寿命分布的几个新的偏序以度量年龄性质DMRL,NBUC,IFR(2),NBU(2)的程度,并讨论它们同已有的年龄性质的偏序之间的关系.     

江西九岭地区新元古代花岗岩地球化学特征、锆石U-Pb年龄及地质意义

为进一步分析总结江西九岭地区广泛分布的花岗岩成因及形成构造背景,通过对九岭岩体的岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究表明,九岭岩体具过铝,富钾、铁,贫钠,Eu负异常,低Ba-Sr,高钾钙碱性系列等岩石地球化学特征,源区主要为地壳,并有少量地幔物质的加入;年龄为(808±2.2) Ma、(814±6) Ma、(817±7) Ma、(833±3.8) Ma,为新元古代花岗岩;通过与江南造山带区域年龄数据对比,认为九岭地区新元古代花岗岩可能形成于碰撞造山晚期的构造伸展阶段。     

基于DEA模糊窗的测试软件评价研究

在测试软件的评价问题中,由于指标值、指标权重关系都具有主观模糊性等问题,将模糊数据包络分析(data envelopment analysis,简称DEA)引入评价过程.为改进现有模型在权重关系信息的模糊性处理方面存在的不足,提出了基于模糊DEA的测试软件改进评价模型,并提供了该改进模型的求解算法.所述方法首先将主观指标值模糊化,转化为模糊数;然后以模糊权重信息为约束条件,构造含有偏好信息的模糊窗,建立只有输出指标的模糊DEA模型;最后,改进模糊DEA模型经由模糊数截集的方法,转化为确定性DEA模型并进行求解.通过实例分析验证了该方法的一致性和可行性.     

基于窗口查询的轮廓查询算法

轮廓查询在涉及多标准决策的空间数据库应用中起着非常重要的作用,轮廓的计算在数据库通信方面受到很大关注,特别是无需访问所有的数据文件就能很快的返回轮廓中的点的算法.本文提出一种基于窗口查询的轮廓查询算法,通过不断变换查询窗口来缩减查询空间,所访问的空间数据点数目大大减少,查询结果有很好的健全性和完整性.     

Exceptional preservation of fossils in an Upper Proterozoic shale

Late Proterozoic organisms must have been diverse and widely distributed, but in general their fossil record is both taxonomically and environmentally limited. Exceptional preservation of Proterozoic fossils is not unknown, but it is usually associated with silicified carbonates from restricted peritidal or playa lake environments. We report here an exceptionally well preserved and distinctive assemblage of Late Proterozoic fossils from subtidal marine shales. In addition to the sphaeromorphic acritarchs and cyanobacterial sheaths routinely preserved in Proterozoic rocks, this assemblage includes multicellular algae ('seaweeds'), a diverse assortment of morphologically complex protistan vesicles, and probable heterotrophic bacteria. Thus, it provides one of the clearest and most taxonomically varied views of Proterozoic life yet reported.     

基于自适应最小竞争窗口的EDCA能源优化

通过分析IEEE 802.11 EDCA各优先级竞争窗口对于能源利用率的影响,找出各优先级发送概率和能源利用率的关系。针对最优化最小竞争窗口设置问题,提出一种基于最大化能源利用率求各优先级最优发送概率的算法。在保证每类业务Qo S条件下,首先求出在最大化能源利用率下的最优发送概率,然后根据节点数目和最优发送概率来优化竞争窗口的大小,实现最优最小竞争窗口设置,从而提高能源利用率。仿真结果表明:该算法相对于EDCA在能源利用率方面有较好的表现。     

基于六角网格的矩形窗口的圆裁剪法

裁剪作为计算机图形学中的一个重要内容 ,目前研究的算法很多 ,尤其在矩形窗口的图形裁剪算法更是使用最广泛的一类算法 ,但其算法都是基于直角坐标系统提出和实现 ,而早在60年代初 ,一些数学家就已经提出了平面上点的最佳分面是按六角网格分布的 ,并于 90年代末实现了六角网格的显示系统 ,基于六角网格显示系统的图形生成已成为了发展的必然 ,本算法基于六角网格系统的矩形窗口圆裁剪给出了具体算法和分析 ,此算法可以适用于在矩形窗口裁剪椭圆及其它对称的图形     

基于滑动窗口的LSTM地温预测方法

为了连续预测未来多日的日平均地温,采用LSTM和滑动窗口(SW)相结合的方法,以7天为周期更新输入参数,实现连续预测.分析成都市近50年的地温数据的关系发现,日平均地温与前几日平均地温呈现较强的正相关关系,但在夏季这种关系较弱.进一步根据季节特点建立了5个预测模型,分别为:全年、春季、夏季、秋季和冬季.结果表明,冬季模...     

基于滑动窗口的时间序列离群数据挖掘

离群数据挖掘是数据挖掘中的重要内容.本文针对时间序列数据进行离群数据挖掘方法的研究.在引入了基于局部离群点因子的离群数据挖掘方法与时间序列上滑动窗口基础上,将二者相结合,提出了基于滑动窗口的时间序列离群数据挖掘算法,并将算法应用于海表温度数据得到海表温度的异常之处.     

基于滑动窗的CVA故障诊断算法

由于过程数据通常具有时变性,规范变量分析(CVA)在动态过程系统的故障诊断中不能得到较好的故障诊断准确率,因此提出一种基于滑动窗的规范变量分析(MWCVA)算法.该算法首先建立初始的CVA模型和计算监控统计量,通过滑动窗更新过程变量数据,计算更新建模所需数据,不断实时地更新出新样本的CVA模型和监控统计量.通过对Tennessee-Eastman过程的仿真,对比CVA、MWPCA和MWCVA的故障诊断效果,验证所提出算法的有效性.