建筑垃圾在高速公路路基填筑中的现场直剪试验研究*

采用一种适用于大颗粒的新型现场直剪试验仪,对建筑垃圾进行了直剪试验,分析建筑垃圾的剪切强度特性。建筑垃圾的现场组分分析结果表明,建筑垃圾主要由碎砖、碎石、混凝土等废料组成。对碾压成型后的建筑垃圾进行筛分试验,分析了建筑垃圾级配,得到了建筑垃圾颗粒破碎的分维。根据现场大型直剪试验结果,得到了不同正应力下剪应力-剪切位移和剪应力-正应力的关系曲线,确定了建筑垃圾剪切强度的峰值和残余值参数,峰值黏聚力和内摩擦角分别为40 kPa和36°,残余黏聚力和内摩擦角分别为23 kPa和32°,相比于普通填土,建筑垃圾的剪切强度较大。     

渗流作用下垃圾填埋场封盖坡体稳定性分析

运用饱和-非饱和土壤水分运动的理论,对垃圾填埋场封盖的稳定性进行分析,建立了能考虑雨水入渗影响下土重变化和土壤抗剪强度变化的土坡稳定性安全系数计算模型.通过实例分析表明,考虑渗流作用下的垃圾填埋场封盖稳定性分析更接近实际.     

基于深部位移监测数据定量分析的滑坡抗剪强度参数取值

提出以滑坡峰值强度和残余强度为基础,以滑坡深部累计位移监测数据定量分析计算得到的滑带完整性指标为依据,对滑坡的抗剪强度参数进行选取.以三峡库区五尺坝滑坡为例,采用极限平衡法稳定性计算和地表位移监测数据对该抗剪强度参数选取方法结果进行检验.研究结果表明,采用此方法得到的五尺坝滑坡在所选计算工况条件下的抗剪强度参数为:滑带水上部分的内聚力c为27.99 kPa,内摩擦角φ=17.71°;滑带水下部分的内聚力c为20.69 kPa,内摩擦角φ=11.63°,经检验符合滑坡实际情况.     

非饱和玄武岩残积土剪切特性试验研究

非饱和土中的基质吸力对其抗剪强度特性有重要的影响。选取贵州毕威高速公路沿线的玄武岩残积土样,采用非饱和直剪仪进行控制基质吸力的剪切试验。试验结果表明,在不同的基质吸力和净法向应力作用下,重塑试样由于结构性遭到彻底破坏,应力应变关系表现为应变硬化型。在300 kPa的基质吸力范围内,基质吸力对黏聚力影响显著,对有效内摩擦角基本无影响。非饱和玄武岩残积土的抗剪强度与基质吸力基本呈线性关系,非饱和抗剪强度参数φ~b=19.4°,验证了非饱和土双应力状态变量抗剪强度公式的适用性。     

填埋场固化污泥工程特性变化研究

深圳机场北污泥填埋场将作为机场扩建场地,其填埋的固化污泥将作为地基使用。对填埋场固化污泥进行了岩土工程特性研究,包括有机质含量、含水率、初始孔隙比、界限含水率、颗粒级配、微观结构、压缩固结特性以及抗剪强度等。结果表明:固化污泥的有机质含量、含水率、孔隙比都随着埋深的增加而减小,其中填埋后有机质含量的变化与污泥的降解程度有关,是含水率及孔隙比变化的内在原因;污泥的液、塑限高,液性指数大于1,表观状态却呈现固体状态;固化污泥是多孔隙介质,结构性较差;固化污泥是高压缩性和欠固结土,其固结系数基本与常规淤泥相近,且随固结压力的增加而显著增大,呈现典型的大变形固结特性;固化污泥原状土和重塑土的抗剪强度均随着埋深的增加而增加,其中,随着埋深的增加,原状土的抗剪强度从13.8 kPa增加至23.7 kPa,重塑土的抗剪强度从13.0 kPa增加至14.3 kPa,这与污泥结构强弱密切相关。     

HDPE土工膜与无纺土工织物界面的变正应力持续剪切试验研究

垃圾填埋场的填埋采用单元、分层作业,衬垫系统上的正应力随着垃圾体量的增加而上升.依据填埋场的实际填埋工况,设计了土工膜与土工织物界面的变正应力持续剪切试验方案.试验结果表明,分别在弹性阶段、软化阶段和大位移阶段改变正应力后,其峰值强度依次减小,从改变正应力处起位移增量为50 mm处的大位移强度亦依次减小.改变正应力前的剪切位移,会影响改变正应力后的峰值强度和大位移强度.     

三叶草根—土复合体抗剪切强度试验研究

本文以三叶草为样本,研究其含根量分别为0.0 g/60 cm3、0.1 g/60 cm3、0.3 g/60 cm3、0.5 g/60 cm3、0.7 g/60 cm3和1.0 g/60 cm3的根—土复合体抗剪切强度,试验中对三叶草根-土复合体进行了法向应力分别为100 kPa、200 kPa、300 kPa及400 kPa下的抗剪强度。结果表明:三叶草根系增加了土体的抗剪强度;根—土复合体在同一含根量下,其抗剪强度均随着法向应力的增加而增加;在同一法向应力下,随着含根量的增大,根—土复合体的抗剪强度、粘聚力和内摩擦角均呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,均在含根量为0.5 g/60 cm3时出现最大值。三叶草含根量为0.5-0.7 g/60 cm3时护坡效果最好。     

三轴试验条件下城市生活垃圾土的变形强度特性

在实验室对现场钻取的垃圾土样进行成分分析和试样制备,考虑填埋场内垃圾土的实际状态,采用三轴试验从试样尺寸、固结方式和应力路径等3个方面系统研究了垃圾土的变形和强度特性,试验结果表明：(1)直径分别为40mm和100mm两种尺寸的垃圾土试样的应力-应变关系具有相同的变化规律,偏应力随着轴向应变的增加逐渐增大,应变水平较大时应力-应变曲线呈上翘形状,应变超过30%仍没有出现屈服或达到峰值的迹象;轴向应变相同时,偏应力随着围压的增加而增大;轴向应变和围压都相同时,相比小尺寸试样,较大尺寸试样的抗剪强度较小.(2)得到了垃圾土的抗剪强度参数随轴向应变的线性表达式,小尺寸试样的黏聚力和内摩擦角分别约为较大尺寸试样的1.48倍和1.16倍.(3)等压固结、各向异性固结和K₀固结(3种固结方式的侧向土压力系数k分别为1.0、0.54和0.29)试验所得垃圾土的偏应力增量随着k值的减小而略有减小.(4)轴压不变围压逐渐减小的卸载试验结果表明,垃圾土的偏应力-轴向应变曲线类似双曲线形状,围压越大偏应力越大;围压减小到0后轴压持续增加的加载试验结果表明,垃圾土的偏应力-轴向应变曲线同...     

填埋场GCL/GM与保护层接触面抗剪强度研究进展

建造垃圾填埋场通常采用粘土作为防渗体或作为GCL/GM的保护层共同构成复合防渗系统,但粘土材料应用于西北干旱、半干旱、干湿冻融交替循环环境,存在抗剪强度低及料源匮乏等问题.本文综述了国内外填埋场GCL/GM与保护层接触面抗剪强度研究进展,针对西北干旱、半干旱地区填埋场防渗问题,提出了宽级配砾石土代替粘土作为GCL/GM防渗垫的保护层的新型防渗方案,并就该方案在下一步验证试验中可能遇到的一些问题进行了讨论.     

桥面铺装粘结层剪切性能试验

设计了一种能对试件施加任意正应力大小的层间剪切试验装置,并以层间抗剪强度作为评价指标,通过有压力的直接剪切试验对粘结层的抗剪性能进行研究,得到了不同界面类型、法向正应力、温度和加载速率等因素对桥面铺装层间抗剪性能的影响规律。研究结果表明,桥面板表面的构造深度越大,抗剪强度就越大;法向正压力越大,层间抗剪强度就越大,且近似成线性增长;温度越高,抗剪强度就越低,当温度为60℃时,抗剪强度为25℃时的57.8%;随着剪切速率的增大,抗剪强度先增大后小幅减小。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with