TiSiW12O40/TiO2催化合成肉桂酸甲酯

采用高压微波辐射技术，以固载杂多酸盐TiSiW12O40／TiO2为多相催化剂，通过甲醇和肉桂酸反应合成肉桂酸甲酯。实验结果表明，TiSiW12O40／TiO2是合成肉桂酸甲酯的良好催化剂，最佳反应条件为：n(醇)：n(酸)=5：1，催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2．0％，微波功率729W，辐射时间3min．产品平均收率97．4％。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成肉桂酸乙酯

应用一水硫酸氢钠催化乙醇与肉桂酸的酯化反应，合成了肉桂酸乙酯。研究结果表明，硫酸氢钠具有较高的催化活性。考察了肉桂酸／乙醇摩尔比、催化剂用量及反应时间对酯产率的影响。在典型反应条件（肉桂酸／乙醇／硫酸氢钠的摩尔比＝1：19：0．51，回流3h)下，所得肉桂酸乙酯的产率为97．1％。该催化剂易于回收且可重复使用。     

微波辐射KF/K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸

通过对KF／K2CO3催化合成肉桂酸反应的研究，发现在该反应中，KF／K2CO3催化性能较好。用微波处理后使用效果更佳．当反应温度为160℃，m（KF）：m（K=CO3）=1：2，n（苯甲醛）：n（乙酸酐）：n（KF／K2CO3）=1：3：1．45，KF／K2CO3用微波处理2min，肉桂酸产率高达85．5％．     

微波辐照对酯化反应的作用机理

通过乙二醇单乙醇和醋酸的酯化反应，研究了微波辐照对酯化反应的作用机理．利用微波辐照与常规加热两种方法，对介质回流温度前后两个阶段反应的结果作了对比，从而得出微波对酯化反应有明显的加速作用，其加速作用实质是提高反应介质的升温速率．在实验条件下，微波提供给反应体系的能量是热能．     

微波辅助催化合成肉桂酸环己酯工艺的研究

以肉桂酸和环己醇为原料,微波辅助催化合成肉桂酸环己酯。通过单因素实验和正交试验考察了催化剂种类、催化剂用量、肉桂酸与环己醇物质的量比、微波功率、微波时间对肉桂酸环己酯产率的影响。实验结果表明,合成肉桂酸环己酯最佳条件为:肉桂酸与环己醇物质的量比1∶4,以硫酸氢钠为催化剂,其用量为0.5 g,微波功率为600 W,微波时间为15 min,肉桂酸环己酯产率可达到96.5%。该工艺操作简单,反应条件温和,节约时间,产品纯度高,是一种高效环保的合成工艺。     

微波对Fenton试剂降解苯酚反应活化能的影响

研究了在微波场条件下Fenton试剂降解含酚废水的反应．分别在常规和微波场条件下进行反应,测定了反应动力学曲线,发现在常规条件下和微波条件下,反应动力学曲线可分成两个阶段,第一阶段为二级反应,第二阶段为一级反应;讨论了温度、微波功率对总有机碳（TOC）去除率的影响,估算了反应活化能．实验结果表明：微波辐射可提高Fenton试剂降解苯酚的反应速率和TOC去除率,降低反应活化能;当微波功率分别为100、200和600W时,在反应的第一阶段,苯酚降解反应活化能分别为9．833、9．139和8．579kJ／mol,在第二阶段分别为28．245、27．560和26．710kJ／mol,低于常规条件下相应阶段的苯酚降解反应的活化能（第一阶段为10．782kJ／mol,第二阶段为30．294kJ／mol）,且反应活化能随着微波强度的增大而减小．     

肉桂酸苄酯的合成新工艺

用肉桂酸与氯化苄在二甲基亚砜（DMSO）溶剂中直接反应制得肉桂酸苄酯。对反应条件进行了研究，实验结果表明：配料比为0．04：0．064(摩尔比)，溶剂DMSO用量为20mL，反应时间为3h，产率80．6%，还讨论了肉桂酸苄酯作为防晒剂的可行性。     

蕉皮酚酶催化反应的抑制动力学及机理研究

为防止果蔬褐变需抑制多酚氧化酶的活性。本文用新方法从香蕉皮中提取出多酚氧化酶，用氧电极测出酶催化反应的最佳条件是ｐＨ值为７，温度为２５℃；测定反应活化能等于２３．６ｋＪ·ｍｏｌ－１，米氏常数为１．５８×１０－２ｍｏｌＬ－１。研究了九种抑制剂对酶活性的抑制效果，并进一步研究了肉桂酸抑制剂的抑制动力学及机理，得出肉桂酸为竞争性抑制。用原子吸收光谱测出蕉皮酚酶中含有铜离子，并探讨了铜离子的作用。     

微波辐射下肉桂酸苄酯的相转移催化合成研究

以肉桂酸钠和氯化苄为原料 ,二乙胺作催化剂 ,采用微波辐射技术 ,在常压下直接合成了肉桂酸苄酯 .讨论了催化剂用量、微波辐射功率和辐射时间对酯产率的影响 .实验结果表明 ,最适宜的反应条件为 :当n肉桂酸钠∶n氯化苄 =1∶3 4时 ,二乙胺的用量 1 0mL ,微波功率 4 5 0W ,辐射 12min ,产率达 85 3%以上 .     

微波辐射合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺

以苯酐和尿素为反应原料，通过微波辐射合成了邻苯二甲酰亚胺。结果表明：微波辐射法的反应速率显著提高，辐射反应100s，收率达85％，产品纯度为95％。同时考察了微波辐射时间、功率、原料配比以及输入能量对反应收率的影响，发现以苯酐和尿素为原料微波合成邻苯二甲酰亚胺的最佳反应条件为：苯酐：尿素＝1：1．2（摩尔比），每克苯酐输入的表观辐射能为11．35kJ，采用连续辐射方式。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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