The effect of BCG-vaccination on vaccinia virus infections in mice

Summary Pretreatment with BCG yielded a high degree of protection against experimental vaccinia virus infections in mice.Corynebacterium parvum andAristolochia acid were less protective; other immunostimulants were ineffective.     

The inhibitory effect of 6-azauracil riboside on the multiplication of vaccinia virus

Zusammenfassung Die Hemmwirkung von 6-Azauracilribosid auf die Vermehrung des Vaccina-Virus in Gewebekulturen wurde festgestellt. Die Substanz blieb gegen andere Viren (Influenza A, NDV, EEE) wirkungslos.     

On the inhibitory effect of 2-amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine on growth of vaccinia virus.

2-Amino-4,6-dichloropyrimidine prevents maturation of Vaccinia virus. Proteins synthesized in the presence of the drug are not assembled into virions.     

The effect of L-dopa on pupillary diameter in mice

Summary Injection of L-dopa in mice produces dose-dependent mydriasis. Pre-treatment with peripheral dopa-decarboxylase inhibitors (carbidopa and benserazide) or with an alpha-adrenergic blocking agent (phentolamine) abolishes the pupillary dilation caused by L-dopa. Pretreatment with fusaric acid, an inhibitor of dopamine-beta-hydroxylase, also antagonizes the mydriatic effect of L-dopa. Thus, our results suggest that the mydriasis produced in mice following the injection of L-dopa is caused by its peripheral conversion to noradrenaline, which stimulates alpha-adrenergic receptors in the dilator iridis. There was no evidence that stimulation of specific dopaminergic receptors was involved.We are grateful to N. Rothschild, Head of Laboratory Animal Department, Sackler School of Medicine, for his help.     

The effect of bisamidines of 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone on Entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters.

Bisamidines of 2,6-diaminoanthraquinone have demonstrated potent activity against cecal and hepatic Entamoeba histolytica infections in rats and hamsters, respectively. A number of these compounds compared favorably, in overall drug efficacy, with metronidazole and other standard agents.     

Tumor incidence in Visna virus inoculated mice.

Mice (female Swiss albino) inoculated when newborn with Visna virus had tumors in 77% of cases when examined 8-12 months later. The tumors were mainly of the mammary carcinoma type. The tumor incidence in non-infected control animals was only 20%. In contrast, no increased incidence of tumors was observed among Visna virus-inoculated inbred mice (BALB/c, CBA and DBA) with low incidence of spontaneous mammary carcinoma.     

The effect of kidney-bean leucoagglutinin on homograft rejection in mice

Zusammenfassung Nach der Wirkung auf die Überlebenszeit von Transplantaten bei Mäusen zu schliessen, besitzt Leucoagglutinin ausPhaseolus vulgaris extrahiert, eine nur schwache immunosuppressive Aktivität. Sie ist nicht deutlich mit der lymphozytenstimulierenden oder agglutinierenden Aktivität verknüpft. Eine starke akute Toxizität von Leukoagglutinin wurde festgestellt.

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Supported by grants from the Sigrid Jusélius Foundation, the Finnish Medical Research Council, the Åhlén Foundation and the Swedish Cancer Society.     

The effect of sexual isolation on feeding pattern in mice

Resumen Se investigaron los efectos del stress y la obesidad en diversos mecanismos fisiológicos hipotalámicos. La obesidad fué evidente inyectando aurothioglucose. Estadisticamente se registraron mayores aumentos en ratones aislados que en aquellos mantenidos familiarmente.     

Molecular pathogenesis of virus infections

Although a very wide range of viral diseases exists in vertebrates, certain generalizations can be made regarding pathogenetic pathways on the molecular level. The presentation will focus on interactions of virions and their components with target cells. Using coronaviruses as examples the changes in virulence have been traced back to single mutational events; recombination, however, is likely to be an alternative mechanism by which virus-host interactions (e.g. the cell-, organ- or animal species-spectrum) can dramatically change. Receptor molecules are essential for the early interactions during infection and some of these have been identified. Events in the target cell and the host organism are discussed, and wherever possible, aspects of virus evolution and cooperation between infectious agents are highlighted.     

The effect of lipids fromListeria monocytogenes on immune response in mice

Résumé Nos expériences ont démontré que les lipides deListeria monocytogenes ont un fort effet adjuvant aux niveaux cellulaire et humoral. Comme antigène, on a utilisé des èrythrocytes de mouton. On a déterminé le nombre de cellules de la rate produisant des anticorps ainsi que le titre de l'hémolysine d'après la méthode de l'hémolyse radiale en gélose.

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Supported by grants from Polish Academy of Science.     

The effect of pentobarbital on brain 5-HT metabolism in mice

Zusammenfassung Bei Mäusen erhöhte Pentobarbital den Serotoningehalt des Gehirns, ein Effekt, der sich durch eine Verminderung der Umsatzgeschwindigkeit bei unveränderter Synthese des Serotonins erklären lässt.

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Acknowledgment: We are indebted to the Deutsche Abbott GmbH for a generous gift of pargyline.     

Circadian variation of the streptozotocin-diabetogenic effect in mice.

Streptozotocin was injected in normal mice every 4 h, during the day. Greatest number of diabetic animals were obtained at 16.00 h (95%) and lowest at 08.00 h (50%). Magnitude of hyperglycemia also showed similar distribution. This effect might be considered when planning its use for both experimental and clinical purposes.     

The effect of proflavine on the infection ofPhaseolus vulgaris L. by tobacco necrosis virus

Zusammenfassung Proflavin hemmt die Infektion vonPhaseolus vulgaris L. durch Tabaknekrosevirus, wenn es vor oder nach dem Virus auf die Blätter aufgepinselt wird. Die Versuche lassen vermuten, dass Proflavin sowohl mit dem intakten Virus als auch mit der infektiösen Nukleinsäure eine Verbindung eingeht.     

The effect of endotoxin on membrane fatty acid composition in BCG-sensitized mice

The effects of endotoxin on mouse liver phospholipid fatty acid composition have been investigated. Administration of endotoxin from Salmonella abortus equi led to a decrease in the polyunsaturated fatty acid content of livers from mice sensitized with Bacille Calmette Guérin (BCG). The content of arachidonic acid fell significantly in both the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol fractions whereas in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction the linoleic acid content was significantly reduced. The polyunsaturated fatty acids were replaced by increased amounts of oleic acid and palmitic acid, leading to a reduction in the polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid ratio.