La morphine et le phénobarbital modifient-ils le taux de l'alcoolémie provoquée chez le cobaye?

Summary Neither morphine nor phenobarbital affect the degree of induced alcoholemia in the guinea-pig. The hypnotic effect of these two substances is increased by ethanol, this increase may be due to potentiation or to an increase of sensitivity in the central nervous system⁸.     

Sur le rôle de la sélection sexuellen dans l'évolution

Zusammenfassung Von Darwins Theorie der geschlechtlichen Zuchtwahl ausgehend werden einige Resultate experimenteller Forschung dargestellt, die auf neue Aspekte dieser Frage hinweisen. Es wird der qualitative Unterschied zwischen interspezifischer und intraspezifischer geschlechtlicher Zuchtwahl aufgezeigt. Die erstere hindert den Genaustausch zwischen den Arten, die letztere dagegen führt zu einem optimalen Genaustausch innerhalb einer Art. Es werden die Rolle der Weibchen und Männchen, der selektive Wert des Wildtypus verglichen mit Mutanten und die genetische Basis der Aktivität der Männchen diskutiert.     

Effets de l'irradiation sur le métabolisme des acides nucléiques et de leurs dérivés acidosolubles chez le rat

Summary In the rat, X-irradiation leads to a decrease of the net RNA and DNA content of the spleen, without, however, increasing the low molecular weight nucleic acid derivatives in the acid-soluble fractions of the same tissue. It is suggested that an alteration of the cell membranes could account for the apparent elimination of these nucleic acid degradation products which should normally appear in the acid-soluble fraction.     

Dégénérescence rétinienne expérimentale provoquée par le fluorure de sodium

Zusammenfassung Die Einspritzung von NaFl beim Kaninchen verursacht Netzhautveränderungen, welche derRetinitis pigmentosa ähnlich (Fundus, ERG, Histologie), aber auf einen Bezirk beschränkt sind.     

Sur l'inhibition sélective des acétylcholinestérasesin vivo chez le chien

Summary 3318 CT [bis(piperidinométhylcoumaranyl-5) cetone diméthiodide] a compound recently synthesized byA. Funke andK. von Däniken, is shown to be a potent and selective inhibitor, bothin vitro andin vivo, of the blood acetyl-cholinesterase (AcChE) of the dog. It produces acetylcholinomimetic symptoms in the animal and sensitizes different responses to acetylcholine and to stimulation of cholinergic nerves without inhibiting the blood non-specific cholinesterase (XChE). However, the action of 3318 CT appears to be limited, both in nature and in intensity, when compared to that of prostigmine, although the latter substance is a less potent inhibitor of AcChEin vitro than is 3318 CT. This difference is probably related to many factors, one of which may be the fact that prostigmine inhibits not only AcChE but also XChE; and it is not yet ascertained that XChE plays no role at all in the limitation of the effect of the stimulations of cholinergic nerves.     

L'activité succino-déhydrogénasique dans le tissu oculaire (étude histo-chimique)

Summary The author has studied, with different tetrazolium techniques (NT, INT, nitro-BT), the succinate dehydrogenase activity in the ocular tissue (cornea, ciliary body, lens, retina).     

Végétalisation de l'œuf de l'oursinParacentrotus lividus par le chloramphénicol

Summary Chloramphenicol, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, causes a strong vegetalization of whole larvae of sea urchinParacentrotus lividus. Combination of chloramphenicol and lithium causes a stronger vegetalization than either of these agents alone. Chloramphenicol suppresses the animalizing effects of Evans blue and zinc ions. The effects of chloramphenicol are compared with those of lithium and phenazone. It is suggested that vegetalizing effects of chloramphenicol are connected with its inhibitory action on protein synthesis and the perturbations of ribonucleic acid metabolism.     

Activitéin vivo de dérivés de la thiourée contre le virus de l'influenza

Summary A large number of sulphur-containing compounds bearing the thiourea group -NH-CS-NH-, including substituted thiocarbanilides, 1-acyl-4-arylthiosemicar-bazides, 1-(arylaminothioformyl)-thiosemicarbazides, 4-aryl-1-(arylaminothioformyl)- thiosemicarbazides, and other related substances have been tested for potential antiviral activity. Several of these compounds have been found chemotherapeutically active against influenza virus.

---

---

Communication présentée au Congrès international de Chimie pure et appliquée de Zürich (Juillet 1955).     

Les glycoprotéines sériques dans le granulome expérimental provoqué par la carrageenine

Summary We studied serum glycoproteins in rats and guinea pigs during the development of granulomas, provoked by carrageenin injection. In rats total serum sialic acid was raised as well as sialic acid soluble in sulfosalicylic acid and haptoglobin. The rise of these 2 fractions, seromucoid and haptoglobine accounts quantitatively for the rise of the total sialic acid. In guinea pigs total serum sialic acid was unchanged, but sulfosalicylosoluble sialic acid as well as haptoglobin were much higher than basal values. Quantitatively the serum glycoprotein reaction was much higher in rats than in guinea pigs.     

Structure moléculaire et activité tuberculostatique dans le groupe des dérivés de la thiourée

Summary A large number of N,N-diarylthioureas and N-aryl-N-pyridylthioureas have been tested forin vitro tuberculostatic activity, and several of them have been found highly active. A series of 1-acyl-4-arylthiosemicarbazides have likewise been investigated, and most of them found to be active at a concentration of 10^–4; this is considered the basic activity corresponding to the molecular grouping -CO-NH-NH-CS-NH-.     

Effet de l'hypothermie modérée sur le comportement maternel de la rate

Summary The maternal behaviour in the female white rat was ascertained by the method of spontaneous reactions to several stimuli.The observed rats were divided into two groups, and each of them was refrigerated once a day, by the method of detension, from the fourth to the seventh day after parturition, the body temperature attained being, on an average, 30°C. Females of the first group were refrigerated in recipients of the capacity of 2 1, and females of the second group in recipients of the capacity of 5 1.Disturbances of maternal behaviour were much more pronounced in the females refrigerated in recipients of the greater capacity than of those refrigerated in smaller recipients.     

Réaction immunoallergique provoquée chez le rat par l'injection d'extraits chauffés de la tumeur de Walker

Summary When repeatly injected to Fisher Inbred rats, boiled Walker tumour extracts induced non specific and specific reactions; non specific reactions being catabolism, thymus involution, adrenal hypertrophy and perturbation of serum proteins relative distribution. The specific reactions attributable to the presence of the specific tumoral antigen in the tumour extracts are immunoallergic arthritis, liver and spleen hypertrophy, acceleration of serum albumin electrophoretic migratory rate and the apparition of the specific antigen in the liver.

---

---

Travail subventionné par l'Institut du Cancer du Canada.     

Étude sur le choc produit par le polysaccharide du bacille du colon chez le rat porteur de tumeur (Note préliminaire)

Summary Aged preparations of polysaccharide fromE. coli were highly effective in inducing a lethal shock in rats bearing a tumor. This effect may be increased by some medications, while various steroid hormones afforded an efficient protection.     

Recherches sur le mécanisme de la rétraction du caillot et de la métamorphose visqueuse des plaquettes

Summary The concept, that viscous metamorphosis of platelets and clot retraction is initiated by thrombin and a dialyzable factor was confirmed. Under certain circumstances glucose acts as dialyzable factor. Clot retraction seems to depend upon the catabolism of glucose.     

Actions d'un inhibiteur sélectif des acétylcholinestérases,le 3318 CT,sur la transmission neuromusculaire du chat

Summary 3318 CT [bis (piperidinomethylcoumaranyl-5) cetone dimethiodide], a specific inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase, antagonizes, in small dosages, the neuromuscular block induced by Flaxedil in the cat; in larger dosages, 3318 CT blocks the transmission: this paralysing action is not related to an accumulation of acetylcholine, as acetylcholine itself antagonizes it; decamethonium also restores, partially at least, the indirect contractions. Prostigmine and m-hydroxyphenyltrimethylammonium have no action. The neuromuscular block by 3318 CT thus appears as a competitive curarization in an animal with inhibited acetylcholinesterases. There was no indication that pseudo-cholinesterase can play a part in the neuromuscular transmission; whereas in the case of the vagal transmission such a possibility could not be ruled out.