基于概率的地震作用下桥梁结构易损性分析

应用能力谱方法和增量动力分析方法分别建立了用于评价地震作用下桥梁结构性能的桥梁结构易损性曲线。通过对用两种方法建立的易损性曲线的对比分析表明：对于保护层混凝土剥落破坏状态,两种方法分析的结果相差不大;对于纵筋屈曲和倒塌破坏状态,能力谱方法给出的桥梁结构在给定地面运动强度下的失效概率偏低。用能力谱方法建立结构的易损性曲线避免了对结构进行非线性动力时程分析,分析方便快速,但对于严重破坏状态分析精度较低;非线性动力分析方法需要对结构进行大量的动力时程分析,但结果更为精确可靠。     

能力谱方法在桥梁抗震性能评估中的适用性

为了探讨能力谱方法在桥梁抗震性能评估中的适用性,基于能力谱方法的基本原理,分别以4跨规则连续刚构桥和不规则的特大桥为例,采用能力谱方法和时程方法,分别计算了桥梁在不同地震水平下的地震响应,并将两种方法的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:对于以一阶振型为主、受高阶振型影响较小的规则桥梁,能力谱方法相对于时程方法,其算法简单,精度满足要求,在桥梁抗震性能评估中具有一定的合理性和实用性;对于振动特性复杂的不规则大跨高墩桥梁,能力谱方法与时程方法存在较大误差,在抗震性能评估中应以时程分析方法为准.     

考虑氯离子侵蚀的近海桥梁结构地震易损性分析

分析氯离子侵蚀作用对近海桥梁结构抗震性能的影响,提出了近海桥梁时变地震易损性分析方法.以一座近海简支梁桥为例,基于概率方法得到氯离子侵蚀作用引起的纵筋直径和屈服强度、箍筋直径、保护层混凝土抗压强度随时间的退化规律,研究发现随着钢筋腐蚀程度增加,小剪跨比的桥墩会由弯曲破坏转变为弯剪或剪切破坏.基于OpenSees软件建立桥墩在不同服役时间考虑弯曲、粘结和剪切变形的有限元模型并进行Pushover分析和增量动力分析以评估腐蚀桥墩的抗震性能.定义腐蚀桥墩的损伤状态,评估各级损伤状态能力,通过易损性分析方法得到桥梁时变地震易损性曲线.研究结果表明,在氯离子侵蚀作用下,桥墩的材料性能不断退化,导致近海桥梁地震易损性随服役时间逐渐增长.     

Pushover方法在双柱桥墩抗震性能评估上的应用

静力弹塑性分析方法(Pushover Analysis)是一种静力非线性计算方法,近年来在国内外结构设计中得到广泛研究应用,是评价结构抗震能力的新方法.Pushover分析方法多用于建筑结构,但在桥梁中的具体实施方法和结果表达方式与建筑中有所不同.本文针对客运专线的双柱桥墩,归纳与总结了Pushover分析方法的实施步骤及原理,结合能力谱法确定了结构在指定强度下的目标位移,并通过地震需求曲线和结构能力曲线的叠加来评估结构的抗震性能.分析结果表明,不同侧向加载模式分布下Pushover法的分析结果存在一定差异,客运专线双柱桥墩在多遇地震和罕遇地震下的横向抗震性能均满足工程使用要求.     

罕遇地震下半圆形大底盘双塔楼静力弹塑性分析

本文简要介绍了静力弹塑性分析（push-over）方法的基本原理，并对一半圆形大底盘双塔楼进行了倒三角形侧向力作用下的罕遏地震静力弹塑性分析，结合能力谱方法对该结构进行了抗震性能评估。     

设置外廊柱的中小学教学楼抗震性能研究

针对四川汶川地震中单跨带悬挑梁的框架结构布置形式的中小学教学楼破坏倒塌的现象,采用静力弹塑性(push-over)分析方法,对比分析了单跨悬挑结构和设置外廊柱结构的钢筋混凝土中小学教学楼在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能.对比分析结果表明,在遭遇相同的罕遇地震作用下,设置外廊柱的教学楼抗震性能明显优于无外廊柱的教学楼,并且有比较高的安全储备.最后提出了对中小学教学楼结构设计的一些建议.     

考虑随机变量相关性的桥梁地震易损性分析

引入Nataf变换,结合均匀设计响应面法,提出了一种综合考虑地震动和结构不确定性及结构参数相关性的桥梁地震易损性分析方法.以一多跨连续梁桥为研究对象,分别对算例桥梁在考虑与不考虑结构参数相关性情况下进行了地震易损性分析.同时,分析了考虑结构参数变量相关性对结构易损性分析和响应面模型精度的影响.结果表明:本文方法可以有效考虑结构参数之间的相关性,且考虑变量相关性后建立的响应面能够更好地拟合结构真实的极限状态函数曲面;桥梁结构在各个破坏状态下的失效概率均有一定程度的降低;忽略结构参数相关性的影响,可能会低估桥梁结构在地震作用下的抗震性能.     

大跨度连续梁桥在不同激励方式下地震响应

为解决大跨度连续梁桥抗震设计理论不完善的问题,以六库怒江大桥为工程背景,采用MIDAS/CIVIL有限元软件建立三跨混凝土连续梁桥有限元模型,分别进行反应谱一致激励、时程一致激励和时程多点激励,在不同激励方法条件下大对跨度桥梁地震反应进行对比分析.结果表明:反应谱法在桥梁抗震响应分析中存在局限性,在对大跨度连续桥梁地震响应分析中考虑时程多点激励才能更真实地反应出结构的地震响应.     

基于IDA的大跨连续梁桥地震易损性分析

目的分析公路连续梁桥的地震易损性,为该类桥的多级设防抗震设计研究提供理论依据.方法基于性能抗震设计思想,确定结构的5个性能水准,以桥墩的位移延性比作为性能量化指标,计算桥梁不同极限状态的损伤界限值.在此基础上,采用IDA分析方法计算20条人工拟合地震波作用下的地震响应,基于可靠度理论进行对数回归拟合分析,最终获得地震易损性曲线.结果理论易损性曲线表明该桥具有良好的综合抗震性能,在0.3 g地震动作用下,轻微损伤、中等损伤和严重损伤的概率分别为57.9%、44.7%和3.6%.结论易损性分析结果可以反映桥梁的综合抗震性能和各级损伤状态的超越概率,对分析整个交通路网的抗震性能和制定紧急救援方案具有指导意义.     

基于增量理论的震损结构抗震性能评估方法

为了准确评估地震受损结构的抗震性能,基于模态弹塑性理论,提出了一种考虑结构动力特性的增量静力弹塑性分析方法(IDPA)。该方法结合动力时程分析方法和静力弹塑性分析方法的优点,对传统Pushover分析方法中结构在地震作用下的顶点目标位移确定方法进行了改进,同时考虑高阶振型影响,改进了传统方法中侧向力的加载模式;确定了建立地震受损构件抗震性能分析模型的方法,给出了IDPA方法针对地震受损结构抗震性能评估的实施步骤。将改进方法应用于某10层受损钢筋混凝土框架结构的抗震性能评估中,对比分析了传统方法和IDPA方法计算结果与时程分析计算结果的差异。计算结果表明,IDPA方法能够有效模拟损伤结构在地震作用下的真实反应,也能体现损伤结构再次遭遇地震作用时的非线性行为,特别是对于高阶振型影响明显的结构,IDPA方法能够获得较理想的评估结果。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with