1,4-环己烷二甲醇型聚碳酸酯二元醇的合成与表征

以1,4-环己烷二甲醇(CHDM)、碳酸二乙酯(DEC)、1,4-丁二醇(BDO)和1,6-己二醇(HDO)为原料,以钛酸正丁酯(TBT)为催化剂,通过酯交换反应分别合成了聚1,4-环己基碳酸酯二醇(PCHDL)、1,4-环己基-丁基碳酸酯二醇(PCHBDL)和聚1,4-环己基-己基碳酸酯二醇(PCHHDL)。通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、核磁氢谱(1H-NMR)、热重(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)及羟值与分子量测定等方法对产物进行了表征。结果显示所合成的聚碳酸酯二元醇产物分子量分别为1063 g/mol、1376 g/mol、1553 g/mol,FT-IR结果表明产物结构具有碳酸酯基与羟基,为聚碳酸酯二元醇的典型结构,与1H-NMR所表明PCHDL、PCHBDL和PCHHDL的结构一致。聚碳酸酯二元醇产物初始热分解温度大于200℃,玻璃化转变温度范围为-33.2℃～0℃。     

聚L-乳酸的合成及表征

为得到高分子质量的聚L-乳酸（Poly（L-lactide）,PLLA）,研究了包括L-丙交酯的制备、提纯、开环聚合以及合成工艺的影响因素和产物的性能评价等内容。在辛酸亚锡（Sn（Oct）2）与氧化锌（ZnO）复合催化剂作用下制备L-丙交酯,采用自制的（Sn（Oct）2）有机溶剂为催化剂制备PLLA。并运用DSC、IR、1H-NMR、GPC等分析手段对合成得到的L-丙交酯及PLLA进行表征。实验结果表明：最终得到了粘均分子量达到294,980的PLLA。     

聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇的分子量对聚氨酯热性能的影响

以不同分子量的聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、二元醇扩链剂1,4-丁二醇以及催化剂二丁基二月桂酸锡为原料,通过一步本体聚合法合成了一系列的聚氨酯.用傅立叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)表征聚氨酯的结构,用差示扫描量热法(DSC)和热失重分析(TGA)研究聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇分子量对聚氨酯热性能的影响.结果表明:(1)随着聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇分子量的增加,聚氨酯软段的玻璃化转变温度降低,而对聚氨酯硬段的玻璃化转变温度没有影响;(2)聚己二酸乙二醇酯二元醇的分子量对聚氨酯的热分解温度影响不明显.     

侧链聚丙烯酸酯液晶聚合物的合成

对比了用引发剂引发和采取钴γ源辐射引发使单体聚合的方法，成功地制备了一种侧链聚丙烯酸酯高分子液晶－聚（（丙烯酸乙氧基酯）苯甲酸甲氧基苯酯）．通过钴γ源辐射引发的方法可获得分子量分布窄的目标聚合物，且分子量便于控制．对单体合成的方法和条件进行了详细的介绍．采用了ＤＳＣ，ＩＲ，ＧＰＣ，偏光显微镜等手段对中间产物和目标聚合物进行了分析和表征．     

热固性聚丙烯酸酯树脂的合成与表征

本文以甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）、丙烯酸丁酯（BA）、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯（HEMA）、丙烯酸（AA）为原料,过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,二甲苯、醋酸丁酯作溶剂,采用溶液聚合法合成聚丙烯酸酯预聚体。讨论了反应体系、温度、引发剂用量等因素对聚丙烯酸酯预聚体的分子量及其分布的影响,确定了最佳合成工艺;然后用环氧树脂和邻苯二甲酸酐作为固化剂固化,得到了附着力好,耐水性优异的聚合物涂膜,通过凝胶渗透色谱仪（GPC）、热失重分析仪（TG）、示差扫描量热分析仪（DSC）等对聚丙烯酸酯预聚体及其涂膜的分子量大小及其分布、热稳定性、玻璃化转变温度等进行了研究;GPC测得聚丙烯酸酯预聚体的 =6094, =12101,分子量分布为系数1.9,DSC测得聚合物涂膜玻璃化转变温度为27.8℃,TG测得当聚合物涂膜质量损失20％时温度为378.59℃。     

聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性高分子的控制合成及表征

利用甲基丙烯酰氯与L-薄荷醇反应合成了甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性单体,单体通过原子转移自由基聚合(atom transfer radical polymerization,ATRP)的方法控制合成了聚甲基丙烯酸薄荷醇酯手性高分子,并对所合成聚合物的结构进行了1H NMR,13C NMR,CD和GPC的表征.结果表明,所得到的聚合物是具有窄分子量分布和光学活性的高分子.     

聚富马酸二羟丙酯的合成与表征

以富马酸和环氧丙烷为原料,采用两步法合成了聚富马酸二羟丙酯(PPF),即先合成预聚体双富马酸-2-羟基丙酯(PFP),然后通过酯交换得PPF.采用IR,1HNMR对合成的PPF进行了结构表征,并研究了不同反应温度、反应时间对中间产物PFP产率的影响,结果发现,在90℃反应3.5h后,PFP的产率达到最高值,为7.1%.     

L-丙交酯催化合成聚L-乳酸

采用自制、提纯的L-丙交酯(LLA),用辛酸亚锡作催化剂,在减压下进行聚L-乳酸(PLLA)的开环聚合研究.考察了反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量与合成的聚L-乳酸分子量的关系.实验结果表明:反应温度为150℃,反应时间为64 h,单体与催化剂比值为16 000时,合成的聚L-乳酸分子量最高.采用差热分析和扫描电镜技术对所合成的聚L-乳酸的热性能和表面形貌进行了表征.     

可降解高分子量聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)的合成

介绍了一种合成可降解脂肪族聚酯的新方法。以有机环硅氮烷(如八甲基环四硅氮烷、六苯基环三硅氮烷等)作扩链剂,对低分子量的端羟基聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)进行扩链,制得了高分子量的聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)。凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法研究表明,扩链后聚酯的数均分子量超过32000,重均分子量超过70000。采用¹H－NMR对扩链后聚酯的结构进行了表征,结果表明,利用环硅氮烷,尤其是六苯基环三硅氮烷为扩链剂,能够很好地合成高分子量的脂肪族聚酯。     

可降解高分子量聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)的合成

介绍了一种合成可降解脂肪族聚酯的新方法.以有机环硅氮烷(如八甲基环四硅氮烷、六苯基环三硅氮烷等)作扩链剂,对低分子量的端羟基聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯)进行扩链,制得了高分子量的聚(己二酸二乙二醇酯).凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)法研究表明,扩链后聚酯的数均分子量超过32 000,重均分子量超过70 000.采用1H-NMR对扩链后聚酯的结构进行了表征,结果表明,利用环硅氮烷,尤其是六苯基环三硅氮烷为扩链剂,能够很好地合成高分子量的脂肪族聚酯.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the