我国中低纬地区GPS定位中的电离层二阶项延迟影响分析与研究

基于消除电离层一阶项延迟的双频载波相位Lc线性组合观测量,利用中国地壳运动观测网络以及国际IGS（International GNSS Service）提供的6个跟踪站连续15天的观测数据,初步分析和研究了电离层二阶项延迟对我国中低纬地区全球定位系统（Global Positioning System,GPS）定位结果的影响.研究结果表明,在电离层二阶项延迟影响下,我国中低纬地区GPS定位结果呈普遍规律性南移的现象,且各地区南偏趋势差异甚微.     

Ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM) for determining the ionospheric delay using GPS data

By establishing the ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) λ of the ionospheric pierce point (IPP) and its ionospheric influence factor (IFF) λ, and combining λ, λ with t of IPP, a new method of modeling high-precision ionospheric delay using GPS data-ionospheric eclipse factor method (IEFM)-is presented in this paper. The IEFM can effectively select the proper ionospheric models to model the total electron content (TEC) with different changes corresponding to annual, seasonal and diurnal variations. Initial experimental results show that the correction precision of ionospheric delay modeled by the IEFM seems to be close to that of using L3 GPS observations to directly correct the corresponding ionospheric delay.     

A generalized trigonometric series function model for determining ionospheric delay

A generalized trigonometric series function (GTSF) model, with an adjustable number of parameters, is proposed and analyzed to study ionosphere by using GPS, especially to provide ionospheric delay correction for single frequency GPS users. The preliminary results show that, in comparison with the trigonometric series function (TSF) model and the polynomial (POLY) model, the GTSF model can more precisely describe the ionospheric variation and more efficiently provide the ionospheric correction when GPS data are used to investigate or extract the earth's ionospheric total electron content. It is also shown that the GTSF model can further improve the precision and accuracy of modeling local ionospheric delays.     

一种实时双频电离层修正方法

电离层延迟是影响GPS绝对定位的重要因素。比较常用的电离层延迟修正方法有模型方法和双频方法。模型方法和使用双频码伪距的方法精度有限。使用双频载波相位进行电离层延迟计算需要求解整周模糊度,计算复杂。本文提出了一种同时使用GPS双频码和载波观测量进行电离层误差修正的方法。使用卫星信号模拟器生成信号并用接收机实时接收,用此方法计算出电离层延迟值,并与真值进行比较,计算误差为厘米级。最后,接收真实卫星信号并计算了真实电离层延迟,并与使用Klobuchar模型方法计算出的电离层延迟进行了比较。     

多参考站网络的虚拟观测值生成算法

讨论了GPS观测值误差改正方法,提出了一种基于多参考站的GPS观测值向流动站用户发布虚拟观测值的算法.该算法通过参考站的已知精确坐标和已经解算的模糊度计算参考站间双差空间相关误差,然后内插局域网内任意一点空间相关误差作为改正数.当只使用3个参考站时使用线性内插法,多于3个参考站时使用曲面拟合或最小二乘平差方法等内插方法.用内插获得的改正数改正离流动站最近的参考站(主参考站)的观测值,形成虚拟观测值,然后发送给流动站用户,流动站用户仍然应用已有的单参考站GPS定位算法进行定位.通过对江苏局域参考站网络收集的实测数据计算分析证明了本文算法的有效性,达到厘米级定位精度.     

Large-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances observed by GPS receivers in Antarctica

The paper examines the propagation direction and velocity of largescale traveling ionospheric disturbances (LSTIDs) during extreme geomagnetic storms in the 23rd solar cycle (e.g., October 2003 and No-vember 2003 storms) using GPS observations. In the analysis, the time delay between the vertical total electron content (VTEC) structures at Scott Base, McMurdo, Davis and Casey GPS stations and the distance between these stations were the main parameters in the determination of LSTIDs propagation speed and di...     

Variation properties of ionospheric eclipse factor and ionospheric influence factor

The concepts and calculation methods of ionospheric eclipse factor (IEF) and ionospheric influence factor (IFF) are further illustrated. The temporal an d spacial variation properties of IEF and IFF are studied, which shows that the properties are influenced by the geographic position and season. The possibility of improving the precision of using GPS data to determine ionospheric delay bas ed on the above variation properties is also analysed.     

Novel algorithms for GPS network RTK

This paper gives some new algorithms for GPS Network RTK. The whole algorithms are based on the Double-Difference (DD) using single epoch of GPSdata. So cycle-slips and loss-of-locks of GPS satelliteare avoided. And the time of Network RTK systems tart-up and positioning is shortest, only one epoch.These algorithms need no ionospheric or troposhperic correction models. The combined bias of rover station is directly estimated and corrected by observations of reference stations of network. Hence, the algorithms are no delay, and are the really and truly real-time difference and positioning. Compared with other algorithms, they can synchronously eliminate orbital bias, ionosphere delay, troposphere delay and otherbiases of positioning correlated with distance to great degree. There are little residual high order biases and measurement noise in DD observation equation of rover station after difference correction, so RTK positioning of network with the algorithms can perform wider and more equably.     

GPS接收机的定位误差分析

基于Superstar Ⅱ GPS接收机和MATLAB实验平台,实现了所有星座误差及信道误差的修正.重点分析了卫星钟差、电离层误差、对流层误差、地球自转效应等误差及修正方法.参照IGS精密星历,利用Klobuchar模型,电离层误差修正掉约14 m;利用高度角模型,对流层误差平均修正掉4.05 m;地球旋转效应误差最大修正掉约30 m;卫星钟差修正后不超过3.1 m.实验结果最终定位精度17 m,验证了误差修正方法的正确性,为今后进行的GPS接收机研制工作积累了经验.     

Models and methods for precise determination of ionospheric delay using GPS

The basic principles and methods for precisely determining ionospheric delays in GPS observations are introduced and discussed. Various methods and models for fitting ionospheric delays based on GPS are compared and analyzed, and applications of the methods and models to the research and engineering are summarized.     

Models and methods for precise determination of ionospheric delay using GPS

The basic principles and methods for precisely determining ionospheric delays in GPS observations are introduced and discussed. Various methods and models for fitting ionospheric delays based on GPS are compared and analyzed, and applications of the methods and models to the research and engineering are summarized.     

GPS参考站系统误差近实时估算方法

针对网络RTK技术中系统误差(主要包括残余的电离层与对流层及轨道误差等)的估算问题.提出一种近实时计算系统误差的方法.新方法采取两项措施,1)将经过双差电离层无关组合的码与相邻历元相位差值作为基本观测量;2)把系统误差当作待估参数,结合中长基线参考站已知坐标的先验信息,利用Tikhonov正则化原理和选权拟合方法,求解出系统误差.以1条中长基线的实测数据为例,新方法用2个历元数据就求解系统误差.与现有的方法相比新方法具有快速、使用方便等特点.     

磨矿过程产品粒度软测量的比较研究

磨矿粒度(GPS)难以进行直接在线检测且化验过程滞后,必须采用软测量技术对其进行在线估计以及在此基础上的闭环控制.针对一个实际的两段式磨矿回路流程,分别基于多元回归、案例推理(CBR)和神经网络(NN)技术建立了三种磨矿粒度软测量模型,并对其进行了基于工业试验的比较研究.结果表明,基于CBR的磨矿粒度软测量方法优于BP神经网络软测量(BP-NN)方法和多元回归模型估计方法.     

Performance analysis of a 3D ionosphere tomographic model

A 3D high precision ionospheric model is developed based on tomography technique. This tomographic model employs GPS data observed by an operational network of dual-frequency GPS receivers. The methodology of developing a 3D ionospheric tomography model is briefly summarized. However emphasis is put on the analysis and evaluation of the accuracy variation of 3D ionosphere modeling with respect to the change of GPS data cutoff angle.Three typical cutoff angle values (15°, 20° and 25°) are tested. For each testing cutoff angle, the performances of the3D ionospheric model constructed using tomography technique are assessed by calibrating the model predicted ionospheric TEC with the GPS measured TEC and by employing the model predicted TEC to a practical GPS positioning application single point positioning (SPP).Test results indicate the 3D model predicted VTEC has about 0.4 TECU improvement in accuracy when cutoff angle rises from 15° to 20°. However, no apparent improvement is found from 20° to 25°. The model's improvement is also validated by the better SPP accuracy of 3D model than its counterpart-dual frequency model in the 20° and 25° cases.     

The correlation of flare’s location on solar disc and the sudden increase of total electron content

The correlation of flare's location on solar disc with the value of sudden increase of total electron content is analyzed with flare's parameters observed by GOES satellite from 1997 to 1999 and total electron content derived from GPS data observed by international GPS Service for Geodynamics. It is found that, besides the flare's maximum X-ray flux, flare's location on solar disc has some relation with the value of SITEC during the flare. The ionospheric response to a flare with a smaller maximum X-ray flux and nearer angular distance to the Sun's central meridian line may be stronger than that of the flare with a larger maximum X-ray flux and far angular distance. To the flares with the same class of maximum X-ray flux, the nearer the angular distance to the Sun's meridian, the stronger the ionospheric response.     

利用GPS观测值反演电离层总电子含量的时空变化

为了便于电离层总电子含量时空变化的研究,利用区域电离层模型获得了GPS系统硬件延迟,从而进一步获取了绝对电离层总电子含量值.利用北京IGS站的GPS观测数据分别计算了2000年至2004年各个不同季节的总电子含量,经比较发现,电离层总电子含量表现出明显的季节性变化.利用中国地壳观测网络25个测站的观测数据计算发现,电离层总电子含量空间变化幅度大,在低纬度地区总电子含量值相对较大,而在中纬度地区相对较小.     

Correlative ionospheric disturbances in the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000

Using GPS data obtained from GPS sites located on the sunlit hemisphere during the flare on July 14, 2000, the ionospheric response to the flare was analyzed. A kind of tiny correlative ionospheric fluctuations were revealed from the temporal total electron content (TEC) curves derived from GPS measurements, and the values of this kind of disturbances are about 1015 m-2. A comparative analysis of these disturbances and soft X-ray flux detected at GOES satellite during the flare is done. It is found that this kind of disturbances revealed in the temporal TEC curves did occur in a very large area of sunlit ionosphere and its behavior is mainly controlled by the characteristics of the flare's extra radiation. Because the similar fluctuations are not found in the curve of soft X-ray flux, it is concluded that the flare extra radiation in EUV band should have corresponding fluctuations and it is the fluctuations that cause the TEC disturbances. The height, where the disturbances occur, should be in the F region.     

地球局部曲率中心修正特征的讨论

GPS掩星探测技术可以探测中性大气获得全球大气折射率、气压、密度、温度和湿度等气象参数,该技术基本原理是基于信号多普勒观测和球对称大气的几何光学近似下Abel积分反演,获得大气廓线.在归算过程中,需要考虑地球曲率、电离层传播时间延迟、大气大尺度水平梯度、多路径传播现象等物理因素对大气反演廓线的精度影响.研究了在标准大气模式下地球局部曲率中心相对于地球中心位置变化并拟合其最佳逼近函数,研究成果可以为相关领域的研究提供参考.     

利用GPS方法对1998-11-22太阳耀斑引起的电离层TEC变化的观测研究

利用GPS伪距+载波相位联合数据处理方法具体分析了1998-11-22耀斑爆发期间北京、上海、武汉、西安GPS观测数据得到的电离层TEC。此次耀斑爆发引起了设在北京的高频多普勒长达15min左右的无线电短波中断。通过对GPS得到的电离层TEC进行分析发现： 此次耀斑造成了大面积的电离层TEC的增加,耀斑爆发引起的最大TEC增幅在1.25个TEC单位左右;利用高精度的GPS数据处理方法可研究耀斑引起的电离层扰动。另外,还分析了由GPS计算的TEC的时空变化特点。     

基于GPS的双频电离层修正算法研究

电离层延迟是影响GPS卫星导航的重要误差源之一,为了有效消除该误差的影响,需要选择适当的电离层延迟修正的方法。本文在分析各修正方法优缺点的基础上,设计了一种利用双频点伪距及载波相位观测量来消除观测路径上的电离层延迟量方法,并在修正的过程中加入了检测和修复周跳的算法,提高了该方法的精度。