等静压力及偏置电压下锆钛锡酸铅基反铁电体的介电行为

采用固态烧结工艺制备了位于反铁电（AFE）／铁电（FE）相界附近的PbLa（Zr，Sn，Ti）O3（PLZST）反铁电陶瓷样品．通过测定样品的相对介电常数及损耗与各种参量的关系，得到了等静压力及偏置电压对反铁电体铁电／反铁电相变及反铁电／顺电（PE）相变温度影响的规律．研究发现：极化了的PLZST反铁电材料在一定等静压力的作用下，随着偏置电压的增加其峰值相对介电常数增大，相对介电常数最大值对应的温度降低，FE／AFE转变温度上升，AFE／PE转变温度下降；当等静压力为0．1MPa时，单位偏置电压引起的居里点变化率为-1℃／kV，单位偏置电压引起的FE／AFE相变温度变化率为5．2℃／kV，当等静压力为60MPa时，分别为-2．2℃／kV和3℃／kV。     

等静压和温度作用下Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷的介电性能研究

对反铁电-铁电相界附近的Nb掺杂Pb(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3陶瓷，采用2GPa等静压装置测试了其在不同等静压力下的介电温度性能，分析了各种介电异常，发现了精细的相变特性，指出随着温度升高，在较低的等静压范围内发生反铁电-铁电-顺电相变，而在较高的等静压范围内发生反铁电-顺电相变，其中，铁电相分为微弱频率弥散的弛豫型铁电相和正常铁电相两个不同的介电性能区域，最后，得到了该组分材料的温度-等静压相图。     

强发射电流反铁电冷阴极材料实验研究

采用固态烧结工艺制备了位于反铁电／铁电相界附近的PbLa（Zr，Sn，Ti）O3（PLZST）反铁电陶瓷样品．通过测定样品在快速单脉冲电压激励下的电子发射特性，得到了激励电压对发射电流的影响规律，发射电流随激励电压增加而增加，当激励电压大于1．5kV时，发射电流趋于饱和．在单脉冲激励下进行电子发射实验，得到如下结果：在激励电压为800V、抽取电压为0V的条件下，发射电流密度为1．27A／cm^2；当抽取电压增加到4kV时，获得了1700A／cm^2的大发射电流密度．     

强发射电流反铁电冷阴极材料的实验研究

采用固态烧结工艺制备了位于反铁电/铁电相界附近的PbLa(Zr,Sn,Ti)O3(PLZST)反铁电陶瓷样品.通过测定样品在快速单脉冲电压激励下的电子发射特性,得到了激励电压对发射电流的影响规律,发射电流随激励电压增加而增加,当激励电压大于1.5 kV时,发射电流趋于饱和.在单脉冲激励下进行电子发射实验,得到如下结果:在激励电压为800 V、抽取电压为0 V的条件下,发射电流密度为1.27 A/cm2;当抽取电压增加到4 kV时,获得了1 700 A/cm2的大发射电流密度.研究结果表明,室温下PLZST的反铁电陶瓷可在较低激励电压下实现电子发射,发射电流密度大,能够工作于4 Pa的低真空环境中.     

脉冲准分子激光制备多层铁电薄膜的铁电性能研究

为ＦＲＡＭ、ＦＦＥＴ、ＦＤＭ的实际应用和研究提出了多层结构铁电薄膜的设计思想．采用脉冲准分子激光淀积方法实际制备了两种不同电极的ＢＩＴ／ＰＬＺＴ／ＢＩＴ／ｐ－Ｓｉ多层铁电薄膜．用Ｓａｗｙｅｒ－Ｔｏｗｅｒ电路测试了这两种薄膜的铁电性能．结果表明，多层结构铁电薄膜具有良好的铁电性能，并且以氧化物为电极的铁电薄膜的铁电性能优于用金属为电极的铁电薄膜     

反铁电爆电换能电源研究

为了建立铁电－反铁电相变中释放的电能量与外加作用力场的关系，采用电滞回线、等静压和热释电等方法测量了Pb(Zr,Ti)O3基反铁电材料在电场、温度、压力等外场诱导下的铁电－反铁电相变性能，分析了在电容和电阻负载条件下的电输出特性。实验结果表明：铁电－反铁电相变中的输出功率与材料面电荷量的平方成正比，与实现相变的时间成反比。在此基础上提出了增加输出功率的途径。通过改善材料电滞回线的方直比，可以提高材料面电荷密度和缩短相变时间。     

钛酸铅铁电体电子能带结构的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理全势线性缀加平面波方法计算了铁电材料PbTiO3（PTo）的顺电相、铁电相的电子结构.计算表明PTO的顺电相是直接带隙,铁电相是间接带隙,对顺电相和铁电相的带隙起主要作用的是Ti的3d态和O的2p态,其大小分别为1.741 eV和1.877 eV.PTO由顺电相到铁电相时,有部分电荷从O转移到Pb和Ti,于是在O与Pb和Ti之间有一个更强的杂化,降低了原子间的短程排斥力,有利于铁电相的稳定.     

铁电颗粒的尺寸效应

应用具有长程相互作用的横场伊辛模型模拟了铁电颗粒,考察了尺寸和长程相互作用对铁电颗粒的极化和相变的影响．我们得到的结论是：1．随着铁电颗粒尺寸的减小和长程相互作用的增强．铁电颗粒的相变温度降低,同时发现铁电颗粒存在一个临界尺寸,当铁电颗粒的尺寸小于临界尺寸时,铁电颗粒将不会有铁电相到顺电相的相变．且此临界尺寸随长程相互作用的增强而变大．2随着长程相互作用的增强,铁电颗粒的极化强度增大,在相同的条件下,晶格中心点的极化强度总是大于晶格边上的格点的极化强度．     

铁电-反铁电相界附近的PSZT系列陶瓷的电致伸缩效应

本工作研究了PbTiO_3-PbZrO_3-PbSnO_3三元系(简称PSZT)陶瓷系列在铁电-反铁电相界附近16种成份的电致伸缩效应.测量了各种成份样品的横向电致伸缩系数Q_(12)和一些样品的流体静压电致伸缩系数Q_h 以及纵向电致伸缩系数Q_(11).实验结果表明,靠近相界的铁电相材料有较大的Q_(12)值且随Sn 的含量增加而增大,而靠近相界的反铁电相材料的Q_(12)则非常小.由本系列材料测出的最大的电致伸缩系数Q_(11)=2.16×10~(-2)m~4/C~2,Q_(12)=-0.58×10~(-2)m~4/C~2.在本实验的各成份中,并没有发现“弥散型”相转变的特征.     

外电场对层状复合材料磁电效应的影响

以Landau唯象热力学理论为基础，求得了与电场相关的压电相状态方程，结合磁致伸缩相状态方程和一定的边界条件，研究了外电场对磁电电压系数的影响．结果显示：用来极化铁电层的外电场对磁电作用有很大的影响，随着外电场的增大，横向和纵向的磁电电压系数将明显减小，从而有效分析了磁电电压系数实验值小于理论值的可能原因．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that