MSI小数分频频率合成器的研制

本文介绍一种新型的MSI小数分频频率合成器。它采用最新的计数控制逻辑电路组成基本的数字频率合成器。然后插入小数分频新技术,使程序分频器分频比的小数位可扩展到任意多的位数,得到任意小的输出频率间隔。从而解决了单环数字频率合成器中高的鉴相频率和小的频率间隔之间的矛盾。本文讨论了相位噪声,从理论和实践都证明了小数分频的方案能提高边带抑制比和降低输出相位噪声。最后给出了实验结果。     

L波段FH频率合成器的设计与实现

设计具有快速频率捷变与低相位噪声性能的Ｌ波段ＦＨ频率合成器,利用ＤＡＣ电路对ＶＣＯ控制电压进行快速预置,大大缩短了频率捷变时间,优选环路分频比Ｎ值和参考分频比Ｒ值,使输出频率与Ｎ值呈非线性关系,即采用非等间隔频方式,有效降低了因环路分频分Ｎ过大的输出相位噪声,当参考源使用普通晶体时,测量结构表明：频率捷变时间〈１０μｓ,输出单边带相位噪声谱密度约为－７０ｄＢ／Ｈｚ（偏离载频１ｋＨｚ）。     

一种双环锁相频率合成器的研究

频率合成器对现代雷达性能有着重要的影响,文章介绍了一种S波段数字锁相频率合成器的实现,该合成器采用了主辅环双环锁相设计,降低了环路等效分频系数,有效解决了合成器相位噪声、频谱纯度、宽频带和微型化等综合性问题,成本低廉,综合性能优良;文章对主、辅环路相位噪声进行了分析、计算;最后给出了研究结果.该合成器已应用于现代多普勒雷达系统.     

基于小数分频锁相技术的S频段信号源设计

基于小数分频锁相技术,采用片内集成VCO的锁相芯片ADF4350,设计了一种应用于射频收发机本振部分的S频段频率合成器。通过单片机的逻辑控制,该信号源可实现137.5~4 400MHz频率范围内任意步进频点的合成。实测结果表明,该S频段小数分频锁相环频率合成器具有优良的相位噪声和杂散抑制,以及较高频率分辨率。     

L波段跳频频率合成器

直接数字式频率合成器具有频率分辨力高，相位噪声低，频谱好的优点利用该优点与倍频链相结合，成功设计了一实用电路，解决了单用DDS技术工作频率偏低的缺陷．满足了工作频率高，跳交频带宽，具有高精度频率分辨力，频谱质量好的要求．该电路应用芯片从AD9854完成L波段跳频频率合成器方案的设计．具有结构简单，体积小，工作稳定可靠，使用维护方便的特点．     

L,S波段宽频带、低相噪混频锁相频率合成器

分析了宽频带、低相噪锁相频率合成器的设计方法,并给出宽频带、低相噪频率合成器的设计方案.采用分段混频分频PLL频率合成器,实现了基于大规模锁相集成芯片Q3236的宽带锁相频率合成器.其输出频率为1 000～2 160 MHz,频率步进20 MHz,相位噪声优于-98 dB/Hz(偏离载频1 kHz处),杂散抑制优于60 dB,输出功率Pm＞8 dB.测试结果表明,该设计有效地扩展了信号带宽,达到了极低的相位噪声.     

2 GHz CMOS高速多模分频器的设计

为兼顾高速工作与多模分频应用,采用高速预分频电路与多模分频电路相结合的方式,提出了一种改进型的电流模型逻辑(CML)分频器.其中高速预分频电路由CML结构构成,多模分频电路利用相位切换结构和编程计数器共同实现.该分频器可在实现满摆幅输出的同时在更低的电源电压工作,从而消除了使用电平移位电路完成CML到互补金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)逻辑转换的需求.基于Chartered 0.18μm RFCMOS工艺流片完成了测试,分频器工作频率可达2GHz,工作电压为3.3V时功耗约为8.8mW.该高速多模分频器已成功应用于PLL型频率合成器.     

跳频锁相频率合成器研制

本文报告了研制一种快速跳频销相频率合成器的技术路线和结果。该合成器采用程控时分复用小数分频锁相技术，解决了快速跳频频率合成中的诸多固难。测试结果表明，该频率合成器可适用于快速跳频通信系统。     

在锁相环吞脉冲频合器中实现可调小数分频

推导出了吞脉冲技术锁相环频率合成器的输出频率Ｆｏ、双模前置分频器的输出频率Ｆｐ和参考频率Ｆｒ之间的关系式．经宽覆盖（１３８．０００～１６７．０００ＭＨｚ）、高稳定度（１０－６）、多通道（每通道间隔２５ｋＨｚ）频合器实验论证，关系式成立．应用此关系式提出了一种新的小数分频理论和实现电路框图，该理论能解决单环频合器中高鉴相频率与高频分辨率之间的矛盾．     

I 2C总线控制的2.4～2.5 GHz频率源的设计

阐述了一个S波段锁相式频率合成器，频率范围为2.4～2.5 GHz，频率步进为4 MHz，相位噪声指标为￡(100 kHz)<-110 dBc/Hz.该频率合成器通过51系列的单片机采用I 2C总线对锁相环路一系列参数进行控制，通过软件编程来实现对VCO反馈信号的分频，代替传统的PC控制，使应用更方便.该电路的主要特点是体积小、频率调整方便.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the