石松黄酮类化合物的抗氧化作用研究

以贵州省六盘水野生的石松为原料,利用70%乙醇作为提取介质,对石松黄酮类化合物进行了提取.采用邻苯三酚自氧化法、水杨酸比色法分别测定了石松黄酮提取物清除超氧阴离子自由基(O2)以及羟基自由基(—OH)的效果.结果表明,不同浓度的石松黄酮类化合物能显著地清除超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,随着石松种子黄酮类化合物浓度的升高其抗氧化性作用逐渐增强.     

鱼腥草中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺及其对自由基清除能力的研究

使用回流提取的实验方法,在单因素实验的基础上结合正交实验设计手段,对鱼腥草中黄酮类化合物的提取工艺进行了优化研究.考察了不同反应因素,包括:温度、时间、提取次数、pH等对黄酮类化合物提取的影响;同时对提取得到的黄酮类化合物进行了自由基清除能力的实验,并与同浓度下维生素C对三种自由基的清除效果进行了对比.自由基包括:羟基自由基(·OH)、超氧阴离子自由基(·O_2~-)及DPPH.优化结果表明:当温度为75℃,乙醇体积分数为50%,时间为200 min,pH为9.0,料液比为1∶10时,为黄酮类化合物的最佳提取工艺,此时其提取量为37.023 mg·g~(-1).黄酮类化合物对三种自由基(·OH、·O_2~-、DPPH)均可消除.当黄酮类化合物浓度在0～0. 120 mg·m L~(-1)之间时,对自由基的清除能力会随浓度升高而增大;但当黄酮类化合物浓度近0.120 mg·m L~(-1)时,对·OH、·O_2~-、DPPH自由基的清除率趋于平稳,但均低于同浓度下维生素C对各自由基的清除率.     

金银花花茎中黄酮的提取及抗氧化性的研究

目的对陕南地产金银花花茎中黄酮类化合物进行提取及抗氧化性研究。方法采用正交实验法并利用超声波确定黄酮类化合物的提取最佳条件;采用烘箱储藏法测定抗氧化性;采用H2O2/Fe2 体系法测定样品对.OH的清除作用;采用AP-TEMED体系法测定样品对O2-清除作用。结果花茎中黄酮类化合物的最佳提取条件为20℃,6 h,75%的乙醇,料液比为1∶30;花茎中黄酮类化合物对猪油的氧化具有明显的抑制作用;对.OH的清除达50.22%;对O2-清除达17.28%。结论超声波提取效果明显,提取率可达2.34%;花茎中黄酮类提取物有明显的抗氧化性,对O2-、.OH自由基的消除有明显效果。     

大孔吸附树脂提取粗壮女贞苦丁茶总黄酮及抗氧化活性

目的:研究大孔吸附树脂分离纯化苦丁茶总黄酮的最佳工艺及黄酮化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用大孔吸附树脂法获得总黄酮.利用紫外分光光度法测定苦丁茶总黄酮不同浓度下在体外对DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基和ABTS自由基的清除能力.结果:大孔吸附树脂提取最佳工艺为上样流速为3 mL/min,上样浓度为1.2 mg/mL,其黄酮类化合物在体外抗氧化的能力包括ABTS自由基、DPPH自由基、超氧阴离子自由基和羟基自由基,在不同浓度下的最大清除能力分别为88.65%、87.94%、89.11%和73.21%.结论:总黄酮对4种自由基有良好的清除效果.     

马鞭草中总黄酮的超声波辅助提取及其抗氧化活性研究

目的研究马鞭草总黄酮的超声波辅助提取方法。方法通过单因素试验和正交试验,探讨影响超声波辅助提取马鞭草总黄酮的优化工艺条件,并对马鞭草中黄酮类化合物的抗氧化活进行测定。结果马鞭草中总黄酮的最佳超声提取工艺条件为乙醇溶液体积分数70％、固液比1：40（g／mL）、超声功率500W、超声辅助提取温度70℃条件下提取20min,在此条件下提取率可达2．87％。影响马鞭草中总黄酮提取效果的主次因素为：固液比〉超声波功率〉提取温度〉乙醇体积分数。马鞭草黄酮类化合物具有清除羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基的作用,其清除效果在一定范围内随着黄酮类化合物质量浓度的增加而增强。结论运用超声波辅助提取法从马鞭草中提取黄酮类化合物可以加快提取速度,提高提取效率,方法简单,结果准确,重现性好,是提取马鞭草总黄酮的有效途径。     

超声辅助提取款冬总黄酮工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用正交试验优化款冬总黄酮的超声辅助提取工艺,并测定提取物对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基(DPPH·)、羟基自由基(·OH)和超氧阴离子自由基(O_2~-·)的清除作用。研究结果表明:款冬总黄酮的最优提取工艺条件为超声温度50℃,超声时间50 min,乙醇体积分数70%,料液体积比1∶40。在此工艺条件下,款冬总黄酮提取率为8.02%。款冬总黄酮质量浓度为0.06 mg·mL~(-1)时,对DPPH·、·OH和O_2~-·的清除率分别达到81.03%、44.59%和83.34%。款冬总黄酮具有良好的抗氧化能力。     

橘皮黄酮提取的响应面优化及抗氧化活性研究

以黄酮得率为指标,采用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,研究了料液比、提取温度和提取时间对橘皮中黄酮类化合物提取的影响;用AB-8型大孔吸附树脂为色谱柱填充料,对橘皮黄酮提取物进行了纯化;以橘皮黄酮对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基、羟基自由基的清除率为指标,研究了橘皮黄酮的体外抗氧化活性.结果表明：橘皮黄酮的适宜提取工艺是以水为提取溶剂、料液比为1∶38（g/mL）、于99℃浸提2 h,该条件下橘皮黄酮的最大得率为11.028 mg/g;AB-8型大孔吸附树脂对橘皮黄酮类化合物的纯化效果明显,纯化后橘皮黄酮的纯度提高了383.312%;对DPPH自由基、羟基自由基清除率的半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.019和0.557 mg/mL,纯化后橘皮黄酮对DPPH和羟基自由基的清除能力分别提高了96.185%和65.122%,表明橘皮黄酮是一种良好的天然抗氧化剂.     

复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖及其抗氧化活性研究

确定了复合酶(纤维素酶、果胶酶、中性蛋白酶)提取蕨麻多糖的最佳工艺,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行初步研究.在单因素试验的基础上,设计L9 (33)正交实验和L9(34)正交实验,分别得出复合酶的最佳配比和复合酶法提取蕨麻多糖的最佳提取工艺条件;采用清除·OH(羟基)自由基模型和O2-·(超氧阴离子)自由基模型评价了蕨麻多糖的抗氧化能力.结果表明:复合酶的最佳配比为:纤维素酶2.0％,木瓜蛋白酶1.0％,果胶酶2.0％;最佳工艺条件为∶料液比为1∶30、pH值为4.5,温度为45℃,酶解时间为60min,此时蕨麻多糖的提取率最大为8.12％,同时验证性实验也表明优化得到的提取工艺稳定可靠;蕨麻多糖对羟基自由基和超氧阴离子都具有较强的清除作用,并与浓度呈一定依赖关系,且对羟自由基的清除能力要比超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力强.     

荧光分光光度法测定两种中药对羟基自由基的清除作用

Fe2 EDTA在弱碱性介质中还原溶解氧生成超氧阴离子自由基(O 2·),O 2·进一步歧化为H2O2和氧分子,之后Fe2 EDTA与H2O2反应生成羟基自由基(·OH).·OH进攻对苯二甲酸产生唯一的强荧光羟基化产物2 羟基对苯二甲酸(HOTP).·OH清除剂加入体系后,与对苯二甲酸竞争结合·OH,导致对苯二甲酸的羟基化产物HOTP的生成量减少,从而导致体系荧光强度明显降低.我们首次成功地将以上原理运用于中药对·OH清除作用的研究,并于实验中首次发现中药白头翁和半支莲可以清除·OH,两种中药对·OH的清除具有负协同效应,同时测定了它们对·OH的清除率分别为白头翁IC50=1.80×10-2mg/mL;半支莲IC50=1.76×10-2mg/mL.     

紫甘薯膳食纤维的提取及对自由基的清除作用

以紫甘薯为材料,设计4因素3水平的正交实验,酶法提取膳食纤维。结果表明紫甘薯粉中膳食纤维提取的最佳工艺参数为0.7%的混合酶(其中α-淀粉酶∶糖化酶为6∶1),酶解温度70℃,处理时间80min,0.6%蛋白酶。以体外实验研究不同质量浓度(20~140mg/mL)的膳食纤维鲜样对1,1-二苯基-2-苦味酰基自由基(DPPH)、超氧阴离子自由基(O-2·)、羟自由基(·OH)的清除效果。结果表明紫薯膳食纤维对DPPH O-2·、·OH都有明显的清除效果,在20~140mg/mL的膳食纤维的浓度范围内,其清除自由基的效果随着膳食纤维的浓度增大而增强,但当浓度增加到一定程度后,对DPPH、超氧阴离子自由基的清除能力趋于平缓,对·OH的清除效果呈直线上升;其清除能力顺序为:DPPH自由基超氧阴离子自由基羟自由基。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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