获得复合组织(马氏体加下贝氏体)的热处理工艺

研究了34SiMn2B钢和60Si2Cr钢获得复合组织(马氏体+少量下贝氏体)的热处理工艺,结果表明,125的60Si2Cr钢球锻后水淬至120～130℃,然后加热至300℃恒温3 h,获得了马氏体加少量下贝氏体的复合组织;而150的34SiMn2B钢球锻后水淬至200℃,然后加热至300℃,恒温3 h,未获得下贝氏体组织.后者是水淬时产生了大量的马氏体而使未转变的奥氏体发生机械稳定化的结果.     

马氏体—贝氏体钢中奥氏体的作用

着重探讨了马氏体－贝体钢中奥氏体的数量及形态分布等对其力学性能的影响，指出了在没冲击载荷下，针对奥氏体的数量及形态分布选择该种钢的方法。     

热处理工艺对高碳贝氏体钢组织与力学性能的影响

借助OM、SEM、XRD等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变工艺及QPB(淬火+配分+贝氏体转变)工艺对高碳贝氏体钢(w(C)=0.79%)显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,采用一步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理试验钢时,当等温温度同为250℃,随着保温时间的延长,钢中贝氏体转变越充分,块状残余奥氏体尺寸降低,组织更为均匀细小;而在较低温度下(200℃)等温处理时,钢中残余奥氏体含量显著降低,贝氏体铁素体板条更细小,材料的强度和硬度提高,而塑性和韧性下降。两步等温贝氏体转变工艺处理(250℃×24 h+200℃×72 h)的试验钢中贝氏体铁素体板条平均尺寸约为82 nm,残余奥氏体体积分数为21.4%,获得了最佳的综合力学性能,抗拉强度达到2040 MPa,伸长率为12.5%,冲击韧性为21 J。QPB工艺提高了贝氏体转变速率,大大缩短了热处理时间,最终得到马氏体+贝氏体铁素体+残余奥氏体的组织,试验钢同时也获得了良好的强度和塑韧性。     

热处理工艺对低温贝氏体钢微观组织及力学性能的影响

利用SEM、EBSD、XRD及力学性能测试等手段,对比研究了一步、两步等温贝氏体转变及贝氏体转变+深冷处理工艺对低温贝氏体钢显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,相较于一步等温贝氏体转变工艺,两步等温贝氏体及贝氏体转变+深冷处理均可降低钢中块状残余奥氏体含量,细化晶粒;与两步等温贝氏体转变相比,深冷处理可以极大缩短工艺时间,所得材料在获得相近强度的同时,会牺牲部分韧性;两步等温贝氏体处理后,试验钢强塑积达到了19.66GPa·%,U型冲击吸收功可达80J,其综合力学性能最优。     

低碳奥氏体-马氏体双相不锈钢热处理工艺研究

研究了低碳奥氏体—马氏体双相不锈钢在不同回火温度下硬度变化规律。根据回火硬度的变化，分析了回火过程中组织转变及逆转变奥氏体对回火硬度的影响。同时在一次回火的基础上进行了二次回火处理，比较一次回火和二次回火的硬度变化规律，确定了低碳奥氏体—马氏体双相不锈钢的最佳热处理工艺。     

热处理工艺对含钒ER70S-6钢马氏体含量的影响

为研究含钒ER70S-6钢在不同热处理条件下获得的双相钢组织中马氏体含量的变化,采用熔炼、浇铸和锻造的方式分别制备了含钒量为0,0.01％,0.02％,0.04％的ER70S-6钢,再将每种钢分别加热到700,750,800,870℃,保温后,分别采用空冷、油淬和水淬的方式进行处理,观察分析热处理后各种ER70S-6钢...     

Cr12模具钢复合热处理工艺研究

Cr12冷作模具钢常规的热处理工艺存在着强度高、韧性差、淬火变形大等问题,通过调质处理＋低温淬火的复合热处理工艺,很好地解决了上述问题,延长了模具的使用寿命。     

轴承钢马氏体—贝氏体复相组织的强韧性研究

本文研究了Gcr15轴承钢在M_s点上、下等温处理时的相变过程所获得的各种体积比的马氏体-贝氏体复相组织及其强度与韧性、并通过断口分析讨论了贝氏体体积率变化对断口形貌及断裂机制的影响。Gcr15轴承钢在稍低于M_s点的220℃等温4小时所得到的复相组织,弯曲强度比普通淬火、回火的提高1470MPa,冲击韧性增加1倍多,断裂韧性约递增70%。具有优异的强韧性配合。材料的力学性能潜力得到进一步发挥。     

中低合金钢板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学相似性

评述了板条马氏体和下贝氏体相变晶体学的研究进展.利用透射电子显微镜定向倾转方法测定了中低合金钢板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学特征.结果表明相邻平行下贝氏体板条绕公共密排晶面{110}b法线相对旋转54.7°或60°,因此使相邻板条呈近似{112}b孪晶关系,所有贝氏体变体与奥氏体保持固定的G-T位向关系;平行的板条马氏体间以及板条马氏体与奥氏体间的位向关系与下贝氏体的完全相同.用"双edge-on"方法精确测得板条马氏体及下贝氏体的惯习面均为{335}f型.中低合金钢中板条马氏体和下贝氏体的晶体学特征具有相似性.     

等温温度对超细贝氏体钢组织演变规律的影响

通过热膨胀试验研究实验钢的等温转变动力学,采用盐浴等温淬火工艺制备超细贝氏体组织,利用扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射仪定量分析工艺参数对微观组织结构的影响.结果显示:实验钢室温组织由大量超细板条状贝氏体铁素体和板条间分布的薄膜状奥氏体的复相组织构成,210℃等温淬火得到的贝氏体板条间距细化到约60 nm,硬度约为HBW610;实验钢的最终组织特征取决于发生贝氏体转变的等温温度和等温时间,等温温度越低时贝氏体转变完成需要的等温时间越长.     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢,分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理,并分别利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察,测定了CCT曲线.淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织,等温淬火得到准贝氏体组织,锻造空冷状态下得到以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织,经300℃回火,无渗碳体析出.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

Effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Ni3Al-based superalloys: A review

Ni₃Al-based alloys have drawn much attention as candidates for high-temperature structural materials due to their excellent comprehensive properties.The microstructure and corresponding mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are known to be susceptible to heat treatment.Thus,a significant step is to employ various heat treatments to derive the desirable mechanical properties of the alloys.This paper briefly summarizes the recent advances in the microstructure evolution that occurs during the heat treatment of Ni₃Al-based alloys.Aside fromγ′phase andγphase,the precipitations ofβphase,α-Cr precipitates,and carbides are also found in Ni₃Al-based alloys with the addition of various alloying elements.The evolution in morphology,size,and volume fraction of various types of secondary phases during heat treatment are reviewed,involvingγ′phase,βphase,α-Cr precipitate,and carbides.The kinetics of the growth of precipitates are also analyzed.Furthermore,the influences of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of Ni₃Al-based alloys are discussed.     

低碳马氏体钢的细晶强化机理及其力学性能

对不同热处理条件下获得的低碳马氏体钢的微观组织及力学性能进行了系统的研究.实验结果表明,盐浴淬火热处理可以实现样品的快速、均匀加热,与常规的热处理条件相比,由于加热速度快、保温时间短,在材料完全奥氏体化初期或接近完全奥氏体化情况下,奥氏体晶粒还未长大,通过淬火得到较为细小的马氏体组织,可以获得力学性能优良的马氏体钢.通过优化的热处理参数可以将材料的抗拉强度和延伸率均提高10%以上.其中盐浴淬火在930℃×20s工艺下,抗拉强度达到1488GPa,延伸率为76%.     

Effect of lower bainite/martensite/retained austenite triplex microstructure on the mechanical properties of a low-carbon steel with quenching and partitioning process

We present a study concerning Fe–0.176C–1.31Si–1.58Mn–0.26Al–0.3Cr (wt%) steel subjected to a quenching and partitioning (Q&P) process. The results of scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and tensile tests demonstrate that the microstructures primarily consist of lath martensite, retained austenite, lower bainite (LB), and a small amount of tempered martensite; moreover, few twin austenite grains were observed. In the microstructure, three types of retained austenite with different sizes and morphologies were observed: blocky retained austenite (~300 nm in width), film-like retained austenite (80–120 nm in width), and ultra- fine film-like retained austenite (30–40 nm in width). Because of the effect of the retained austenite/martensite/LB triplex microstructure, the specimens prepared using different quenching temperatures exhibit high ultimate tensile strength and yield strength. Furthermore, the strength effect of LB can partially counteract the decreasing strength effect of martensite. The formation of LB substantially reduces the amount of retained austenite. Analyses of the retained austenite and the amount of blocky retained austenite indicated that the carbon content is critical to the total elongation of Q&P steel.     

碳分配处理对原位VCp增强铁基复合材料组织、力学性能和耐磨性的影响

The wear resistance of iron (Fe)-matrix materials could be improved through the in situ formation of vanadium carbide particles (VCp) with high hardness. However, brittleness and low impact toughness limit their application in several industries due to addition of higher carbon content. Carbon-partitioning treatment plays an important role in tuning the microstructure and mechanical properties of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite. In this study, the influences of carbon-partitioning temperatures and times on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite were investigated. The experimental results indicated that a certain amount of retained austenite could be stabilized at room temperature through the carbon-partitioning treatment. Microhardness of in situ VCp-reinforced Fe-matrix composite under carbon-partitioning treatment could be decreased, but impact toughness was improved accordingly when wear resistance was enhanced. In addition, the enhancement of wear resistance could be attributed to transformation-induced plasticity (TRIP) effect, and phase transformation was caused from γ-Fe (face-centered cubic structure, fcc) to α-Fe (body-centered cubic structure, bcc) under a certain load.