对痕量甲醛气体敏感的SnO_2-NiO纳米材料的X射线光电子谱研究

本文研究了对痕量甲醛气体敏感的SnO_2-NiO纳米材料的X射线光电子谱(XPS).通过对XPS O1s和Sn3d5/2分峰的分析证实了SnO_2-NiO纳米材料是氧化态.在SnO_2-NiO纳米材料的表面观察到了SnO_2、SnO、NiO和Ni_2O_3,而以SnO_2为主要成分,NiO含量很低.由于掺杂了低浓度NiO使SnO_2-NiO纳米材料表面吸附氧的数量极大地增加,从而增加了材料表面反应活性点,进而使SnO_2-NiO纳米材料对痕量甲醛(HCHO)气体的气敏性能大大提高.     

SnO2中空球和纳米粒子结构的光谱对比分析

以SnCl4.5H2O作为锡源,采用共沉淀法制备SnO_2纳米粒子,以碳球为模板制备了SnO_2中空球。对产物进行了TGA,XRD,TEM,EDX表征,以检测产物的微观结构和形貌为纯SnO_2样品金红石结构。与SnO_2纳米粒子相比,SnO_2中空球结构具有较大的比表面积,因此在表面产生大量的氧空位,造成中空球结构的禁带宽度较小,拉曼光谱中四方金红石的固有模式Eg和A1g发生蓝移现象,SnO_2中空球的PL光谱强度比纳米粒子要强。     

共沉淀法合成Mn~(2+)-SnO_2纳米粒子及其磁性能研究

以SnCl_4.5H_2O作为锡源,采用共沉淀法制备SnO_2纳米粒子,对产物进行了TGA,XRD,TEM,EDX表征,以检测产物的微观结构和形貌,证实Mn掺杂物被掺入到SnO_2主晶格中而不改变金红石结构,而且所制备的SnO_2纳米粒子结晶性好,尺寸较小。对Mn~(2+)离子掺杂的SnO_2纳米粒子进行了磁性能测试,结果表明,Mn~(2+)离子的加入不改变SnO_2纳米粒子的铁磁性,只改变顺磁性。随着温度的降低,Mn~(2+)离子掺杂的SnO_2纳米粒子磁化强度逐渐增强。同一温度下,随着磁场的增强,Mn~(2+)离子掺杂的SnO_2纳米粒子磁化强度逐渐增强。     

水热法制备水化硅酸钙纳米粉体

通过动态水热合成方法,采用低成本的硅藻土与生石灰作原料,在120℃恒温恒压,并分别在4 h、7 h、10 h的蒸压制度下制备出水化硅酸钙纳米粉体.并用XRD、BET、SEM、TEM等现代测试手段对制得的水化硅酸钙粉体进行了性能测试.结果表明:该纳米粉体结晶度很低、比表面积极大,粉体颗粒的粒径大小主要在50 nm左右;硅质原料和钙质原料的水热合成反应机理主要为溶解-沉淀反应;恒温时间对水热合成产物影响较大,恒温7 h时Ca(OH)2反应殆尽,恒温10 h时,原料中还有少量的SiO2尚未反应完毕;恒温10 h时,纳米粉体的主要产物为水化石榴石、半结晶态的C-S-H(1)、硬硅钙石的前趋物以及Al2SiO5.     

用固态源进行低温化学汽相淀积SnO_2薄膜的研究

本文提出用SnCl_2·2H_2O或SnCl_4·5H_2O作固态源进行低温化学汽相淀积SnO_2薄膜.文中分析了影响SnO_2薄膜电学性质的有关因素,测定了SnO_2薄膜在可见光和红外波段的透射率,并讨论了SnO_2薄膜的淀积反应和掺杂问题.     

In、Ga掺杂SnO_2的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理平面波超软赝势方法,建立了本征SnO_2、SnO_2∶In、SnO_2∶Ga和SnO_2∶(In,Ga)超晶胞模型并进行了几何结构优化,对其能带结构、态密度、电荷密度及光学性质进行了模拟计算.结果显示,与SnO_2∶In和SnO_2∶Ga相比,SnO_2∶(In,Ga)的晶格常数更接近于本征SnO_2,可有效降低SnO_2材料掺杂体系的晶格畸变.SnO_2中In、Ga的掺入能够增大材料的带隙值,且能带结构向高能方向移动,材料呈现典型的p型半导体特性.SnO_2∶(In,Ga)中,In与Ga掺杂原子和O原子的电子云呈现出共价键特性.光学性能表明,SnO_2∶(In,Ga)晶体中,光子能量在0~2.45 e V和大于6.27 e V的范围内表现出良好的介电性能,在微型微电子传感器机械系统器件和高密度信息存储等方面具有良好的应用前景.SnO_2∶(In,Ga)在可见光范围内具有10~5cm~(-1)数量级的吸收系数,能够强烈地吸收光能,在光电器件的吸收材料中具有潜在的应用前景.     

光源对掺铁TiO2纳米粉体催化活性的影响

以共沸蒸馏法制备出结晶完整、分散性好、平均粒径为5nm左右以及掺Fe3+量为0.1%的TiO2纳米粉体,通过XRD和TEM分析方法对晶体的物相和粒径进行了表征;通过在不同光源下催化降解水杨酸溶液,对其光催化活性及影响因素进行了分析;实验结果表明掺Fe3+量为0.1%的TiO2纳米粉体在日光下的光催化活性较高.     

SnO_2/Bi_2MoO_6复合光催化剂的制备及可见光催化性能研究

采用简单的水热法通过引入少量的SnO_2制备出不同比例的SnO_2/Bi_2MoO_6异质结光催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、荧光光谱(PL)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)现代研究技术对所制备的光催化剂进行表征测试,分析了样品的形貌尺寸、晶体结构、光学性质等.以龙胆紫为目标污染物,在5 W的LED(发光二极管)灯下进行光催化降解实验,并研究动力学过程,系统地评价催化剂的光催化性能.实验结果表明,所合成的SnO_2/Bi_2MoO_6复合材料对龙胆紫的降解均比纯的Bi_2MoO_6有明显的提高,其中7%SnO_2/Bi_2MoO_6拥有最佳的光催化活性,该复合物对龙胆紫的降解速率常数约是纯Bi_2MoO_6的2.7倍、纯SnO_2的17倍.进一步通过电子自旋共振(ESR)检测光催化反应中的活性物种,并提出可能的光催化机理.     

二氧化锡材料对异丙醇的敏感特性研究

基于纳米材料SnO_2的气敏元件对大多数的挥发性气体具有敏感性,以SnO_2为基料制备了旁热式异丙醇气敏元件.对比了纯SnO_2气体元件和掺杂ZnO气体元件对异丙醇的气敏特性,通过控制变量法,选择在相同的烧结温度或工作温度下进行测试.结果表明:在烧结温度为400℃,工作温度为300℃的条件下,掺杂为1%ZnO的SnO_2气敏元件对异丙醇气体的气敏特性较好.讨论了SnO_2材料对异丙醇的敏感机理.     

SnO_2负载硅钨杂多酸盐的制备及催化性能研究

制备固载型αK_5H[SiW_(11)Zn(H_20)O_(39)]·15H_2O/SnO_2催化剂,并用IR、XRD对其结构进行了表征.探讨了醇酸摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、带水剂用量等因素对乳酸丁酯酯化率的影响.实验结果表明:在醇酸摩尔比为1.5、50%α-SiW_(11)Zn/SnO_2用量为0.4g、反应时间4h、带水剂用量为13mL时,酯化率可以达到90.0%,且催化剂重复使用性能良好.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the