Splenic architecture reflected in the connective tissue structure of the human spleen

Summary An analysis of the connective-tissue structure of the human spleen can give us information about the basic architecture of the organ. The most important part of the spleen is the lienic center around which the subcapsular zone forms an envelope, like a mantle. This zone has but little depth and develops superficially. The tangential radial beam net (Tangentialbalkennetz) is formed partly by the radial trabeculae of the capsule and partly by the outer branches of thearbor trabecularis. Thisarbor divides into 5–6 branching orders. The branches of orders 1 to 3 surround the parenchyma of the spleen center's inner layer. The lienic lobuli which are found between these branches are relatively large and are connected very extensively with their parenchyma. The branches of orders 4, 5, and 6 enclose the lienic lobuli of the outer layer of the spleen center. The splenic lobuli are defined by the vascular course. Mostly they are provided with one or two arterial influxes and, as a rule, with only one venous drain. Their mutual delimitation is more of a funcitional than of a morphological nature. This led von Herrath^{12, 13} to coin the term functional spleen lobuli. The lienic envelope lies between the inside of the capsule and the outermost branchings of thearbor trabecularis. Thisarbor is subdivided by the radial trabeculae, which never have any vessels, into elongated lobuli and serves first and foremost to regulate pressure. The lattice fibers are of high tensile strength and are extensions of the collagenous fibers seen at the microscopic level.     

Splenic architecture reflected in the connective tissue structure of the human spleen

An analysis of the connective-tissue structure of the human spleen can give us information about the basic architecture of the organ. The most important part of the spleen is the lienic center around which the subcapsular zone forms an envelope, like a mantle. This zone has but little depth and develops superficially. The tangential radial beam net ('Tangentialbalkennetz') is formed partly by the radial trabeculae of the capsule and partly by the outer branches of the arbor trabecularis. This arbor divides into 5-6 branching orders. The branches of orders 1 to 3 surround the parenchyma of the spleen center's inner layer. The lienic lobuli which are found between the branches are relatively large and are connected very extensively with their parenchyma. The branches of orders 4, 5, and 6 enclose the lienic lobuli of the outer layer of the spleen center. The splenic lobuli are defined by the vascular course. Mostly they are provided with one or two arterial influxes and, as a rule, with only one venous drain. Their mutual delimitation is more of a functional than of a morphological nature. This led von Herrath to coin the term 'functional spleen lobuli'. The lienic envelope lies between the inside of the capsule and the outermost branchings of the arbor trabecularis. This arbor is subdivided, by the radial trabeculae, which never have any vessels, into elongated lobuli and serves first and foremost to regulate pressure. The lattice fibers are of high tensile strength and are extensions of the collagenous fibers seen at the microscopic level.     

Collagen biosynthesis in vitro and the consequences of bacterial contamination. Studies on vascular connective tissue in rabbits

Zusammenfassung Mit Bakterien im Inkubationsmedium wurde eine 10-bis 15-fache Erhöhung der¹⁴C-Prolin-Inkorporation und eine stimulierende Wirkung der¹⁴C-Hydroxyprolin-Synthese gefunden. Diese Beobachtungen zeigen, dass sterile Bedingungen notwendig sind, um falsche Schlussfolgerungen durch die Untersuchung des Kollagenmetabolismus mit¹⁴C-Prolin-Bildung in vitro zu vermeiden.     

Studies on the biochemical characterization of human ceruloplasmin

Zusammenfassung Die primäre Struktur von Ceruloplasmin im homozygotischen Morbus Wilson unterscheidet sich vom Normalen durch eine grössere Zahl von basischen Aminosäuren. Das abnorme Ceruloplasmin hemmt die Mitochondrienrespiration; freie Kupferionen haben dieselbe Wirkung, was möglicherweise durch Auflösung des Kupfer-Eiweiss-Komplexes erklärt werden kann.     

Altered arterial connective tissue in racing greyhound dogs.

Vascular collagen and elastin contents and the ratio of collagen/elastin (C/E) were studied in racing greyhound dogs, a breed which exhibits increased cardiac output. As compared to mongrel dogs, vascular C/E was lower, suggesting a greater distensibility of vessels as an adaptive response to hemodynamic stress.     

Crystalloid inclusions in the connective tissue of spider venom gland

Résumé Nous décrivons des inclusions cristallines observées dans l'élytre extracellulaire des glandes venimeuses deLoxosceles reclusa.     

Investigations on the influence of aminoacetonitrile on connective tissue in the hamster

Zusammenfassung Aminoazetonitril entfaltet eine deutliche Wirkung am Bindegewebe des Goldhamsters. Diese Wirkung äussert sich in einer Verminderung der Zugfestigkeit von Wundgewebe. Die Mastzellen zeigten keine morphologischen Änderungen. Sowohl die Anreicherung von Radioschwefel im Wundgewebe wie die Konzentrationen von Hydroxyprolin und Hexosamin im Aortengewebe änderten sich nicht in signifikanter Weise.

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Aided by grants from the Danish State Research Foundation, the Danish Rheumatism Association, and the Sigrid Juselius Stiftelse, Finland.     

Inhibition of local connective tissue repair in the neoplastic response to water soluble carcinogens administered subcutaneously

Zusammenfassung Nach subkutaner Injektion einiger sogenannter wasserlöslicher Karzinogene (N-Methyl-N-Nitrosoharnstoff, Nitroquinolin-N-Oxyd und Butyryl-ethylenimin) erfolgt eine lokale Nekrose der subkutanen Gewebe mit verzögerter Regenerierung des Bindegewebes.     

Studies of the dose-effect relation

Dose-effect relations and, specifically, cell survival curves are surveyed with emphasis on the interplay of the random factors--biological variability, stochastic reaction of the cell, and the statistics of energy deposition--that co-determine their shape. The global parameters mean inactivation dose, D, and coefficient of variance, V, represent this interplay better than conventional parameters. Mechanisms such as lesion interaction, misrepair, repair overload, or repair depletion have been invoked to explain sigmoid dose dependencies, but these notions are partly synonymous and are largely undistinguishable on the basis of observed dose dependencies. All dose dependencies reflect, to varying degree, the microdosimetric fluctuations of energy deposition, and these have certain implications, e.g. the linearity of the dose dependence at small doses, that apply regardless of unresolved molecular mechanisms of cellular radiation action.     

Studies of the dose-effect relation

Summary Dose-effect relations and, specifically, cell survival curves are surveyed with emphasis on the interplay of the random factors — biological variability, stochastic reaction of the cell, and the statistics of energy deposition —that co-determine their shape. The global parameters mean inactivation dose, , and coefficient of variance, V, represent this interplay better than conventional parameters. Mechanisms such as lesion interaction, misrepair, repair overload, or repair depletion have been invoked to explain sigmoid dose dependencies, but these notions are partly synonymous and are largely undistinguishable on the basis of observed dose dependencies. All dose dependencies reflect, to varying degree, the microdosimetric fluctuations of energy deposition, and these have certain implications, e.g. the linearity of the dose dependence at small doses, that apply regardless of unresolved molecular mechanisms of cellular radiation action.     

Action of group A streptococcus extracellular product(s) on the connective tissue of the human heart valve

Summary The cultivation of a rheumatogenic strain of group A streptococcus in presence of human heart valve connective tissues leads to the release of substance(s) reacting with antistreptococcal polysaccharide and antihuman glycoprotein antibodies.     

Indirect effect of ultrasound on water permeability of the connective tissue

Zusammenfassung Die Durchlässigkeit des Rattenmesenteriums für demineralisiertes Wasser wird durch Ultraschallbehandlung des Wassers signifikant erhöht.