轴流压气机旋转失速特征分析方法

鉴于压气机失速特征分析通常借助时域信号或傅里叶变换频域信号完成,较难捕捉其瞬态特征,为此将具备辨识信号瞬时细节特征的小波分析法引入轴流压气机旋转失速的特征分析中,基于节流阀模型,对某跨声速压气机转子进行了准三维非定常数值模拟,并对压气机在失速过程中静压信号的瞬时细节特征进行了小波分析.结果表明:给出的分析方法能够有效地捕捉到压气机稳态失速和动态失速过程的时频特征,可应用于压气机失速特征信号的检测和分析.     

轴流压气机失速起始特性试验

在一台双级低速轴流压气机上进行了均匀进气时的失速起始特性实验研究。利用压气机周向、径向和轴向不同位置的多个动态压力传感器,捕捉到了压气机失速起始过程中不同位置动态压力信号的变化情况,表明压气机的失速起始具有三维非定常特征。压气机在失速前出现了模态波扰动,其传播速度为34.5%转子转速。首先在第2级转子的尖部诱发小失速团,该小失速团的周向范围和旋转频率与充分发展的失速团相同,但不稳定,它同时向下游、径向和上游3个不同方向快速扩展,在扩展过程中周向范围和旋转速度不变。通过对动态总压信号频谱分析和小波分析,发现导致压气机失速的主要原因是第2级转子部分叶排叶尖区域吸力面附面层出现了较大的分离,造成气流堵塞,诱发小失速团。     

压气机失速时转子前三维流动结构的实验研究

在一台低速轴流压气机实验台上测量压气机失速时转子前三维流场,测量范围从转子向前延伸到8倍弦长(或0.6倍机匣内径)上游,目的是考察整个失速流场结构,为研究失速团的保持和旋转机理提供丰富的数据支持.通过对壁面动态压力信号分析可知,该压气机失速过程中存在一个失速团,转速为转子转速的37.7%.使用新研制的全流向旋转五孔压力探针测量整个转子前三维速度场和压力场.从结果的S1流面内看,失速团内流动大体上分为正流区、偏转区、回流区和强剪切区.转子前缘附近的流体在30%叶高以上存在回流,并且存在较大的径向和周向旋转速度,其中叶尖附近失速团内流体的周向旋转速度明显大于前方来流速度.在靠近机匣壁面处,回流区一直延伸到转子上游的5.5倍弦长(或40%机匣内径)处.     

跨声速轴流压气机转子Rotor37周向槽机匣处理的数值研究

以跨声速压气机转子Rotor37为研究对象,采用商业软件NUMECA数值研究了单槽处理机匣的轴向位置对于压气机性能及内部流场的影响。周向槽处理机匣的宽度为3 mm,深度为10倍叶尖间隙,即3.56 mm,起始位置分别位于轮缘机匣尖部型面的10%、20%、30%、40%、50%相对弦长处。数值计算结果表明:原始光壁压气机转子的失速原因为叶尖泄漏流动引发的低速区对于尖部叶片通道的堵塞,其稳定工作裕度为14.74%。采取的周向槽机匣处理能够改变转子叶尖流动堵塞状况。当机匣处理起始位置位于30%相对弦长时,压气机转子稳定工作裕度的提升量最大,相比原始压气机转子的稳定裕度提高了1.86%。     

低速轴流压气机三维流场测量与失速特性分析

在近失速和失速状态下,利用五孔探针对单级轴流压气机转子前后的三维流场进行了详细的测量和对比分析。基于失速状态下进出口壁面静压的动态变化,对失速区的空间结构和气流参数的动态变化规律进行了研究,建立了描述失速区气流参数变化的微分方程模型,并根据实验数据对模型进行了校验。结果表明,失速区内发生了回流,回流的速度方向与主流的夹角约为110°。回流区占据的径向范围为70%叶高以上,轴向范围为静子前部区域。在失速区内,压力、速度等气流参数随时间进行振荡衰减。该动态变化过程可以用二阶系统来描述。     

整体涡旋流畸变下的压气机失速机理分析

为了研究跨声速压气机在整体涡旋流畸变下的失速机理,采用数值仿真方法对Stage35进行了整级数值模拟,研究了叶片通道流场中触发压气机失速的关键因素,分析了不同转速下,叶顶泄漏涡和径向涡在旋流畸变条件下的变化情况。结果表明:同向整体涡能抑制叶背流动分离,使径向涡体积减小,叶顶泄漏涡减弱,叶顶通道堵塞程度减小,压气机稳定裕度增大;出现反向整体涡时,叶背气流分离加剧,径向涡体积扩大,低转速下,泄漏涡增强,堵塞区面积增大,高转速下,泄漏涡变化不大,但径向涡体积扩大引起流体向叶尖堆积,形成大面积的吸力面尾缘低速区,更容易导致压气机失稳。     

重载机车轴流冷却风机流场及失速特性的研究

针对重载机车轴流冷却风机运行条件多变、容易发生失速的现象,建立了一种三维数学模型来研究轴流通风机的气动性能,预测失速点.基于RNG k-ε湍流模型,在旋转坐标系下采用SIMPLE算法求解压力速度耦合方程.计算了不同工况下风机的性能参数,绘制特性曲线,分析了内部流动规律和失速特性.结果表明:风机特性曲线存在不稳定工况区,在小流量范围存在一个拐点;失速工况下叶轮处静压最小值远高于工作点,并且叶片静压梯度下降明显;风机失速时流线弯曲严重,尾部漩涡区延长;可以预测失速点在流量系数为0.201处.     

时滞对轴流压气机喘振的影响

在压气系统中,压力上升和空气扰动之间总是有一定的时间滞后．本文对经典的MG模型进行推广得到时滞MG模型本．通过理论分析和数值模拟,研究了时滞对轴流压气机喘振和旋转失速的影响．以往的研究认为旋转失速的产生仅受到节流阀参数的影响,而喘振工况的出现要受到节流阀参数以及Greitzer参数日的影响,Greitzer参数占大于临界值时,压气机进入到喘振工况．本文研究发现时滞也会对喘振现象产生本质的影响,即存在着临界时滞,当时滞小于临界时滞时,压气机的不稳定工作形式是大振幅的喘振状态,而时滞大于临界时滞,压气机工作在旋转失速状态．     

轴流压气机三维流场数值模拟

使用商业软件Numeca对某型轴流压气机进行三维数值模拟计算,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,运用隐式残差光顺法、多重网格法以及当地时间步长加速收敛技术缩短计算周期,得出了设计转速下的特性曲线,在此基础上进一步改变压气机出口参数来分析压气机叶轮发生失速喘振的原因,这对防止压气机失稳非常重要.然后对压气机内部流场进行了详细分析,得出了轴流压气机转子内部的流动参数分布规律,并指出造成压气机效率及压比损失的原因.     

轴流压气机叶栅动态失速现象研究

轴流压气机转子/静子交替排列,两套相对旋转的柱坐标系变换导致了叶栅进口攻角作周期性的脉动,即上游叶排尾迹诱导产生了下游叶排的动态失速现象.通过求解高精度非定常粘性可压Reynolds平均Navier-Stokes方程,清晰地捕捉到了动态失速涡的脱落过程与升力/阻力系数曲线的迟滞现象.研究还表明,合理组织攻角脉动频率与叶栅尾缘涡脱落特征频率的关系,能够提高叶栅的时均气动性能,为轴流压气机设计中的级间匹配问题提供了一个新的思路与途径.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that