柔性衬底上铝背电极制备及相关特性研究

采用射频磁控溅射技术在聚酰亚胺柔性衬底上制备硅基薄膜太阳能电池用铝背电板,研究了不同溅射功率和工作气压条件对铝电极薄膜性能的影响.利用原子力显微镜分析表征了薄膜的表面形貌和粗糙度,薄膜的电学性能和光学性能分别采用四探针测量仪和紫外可见近红外分光光度计进行分析表征.测试结果表明:随着溅射功率的增加,薄膜表面均方根粗糙度迅...     

纯铝在氯化钠热水溶液中电化学行为的研究

通过电化学分析方法研究了经不同表面处理的纯铝在90 ℃下,3.5%氯化钠溶液中的电化学行为及特点.结果表明,经阳极氧化法处理后的纯铝的耐蚀性远优于未经任何处理的样品;对于经过阳极氧化处理的样品,沸水封孔的试样耐蚀性明显优于未封孔的试样;在相同处理时间,不同电流密度下,随着电流密度的增加,样品点蚀电位不断增加,试样的抗点蚀能力增强;在相同电流密度,不同处理时间下,试样的点蚀电位随时间的增加呈不断下降的趋势,表明点蚀容易发生.最终得到,在阳极氧化电流密度为2 A/dm2,时间为10 min的条件下,试样表面处理工艺最佳.     

In-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates

A simple and feasible method was developed to fabricate in-situ reduced graphene oxide-polyvinyl alcohol composite(GO-PVA) coatings as protective layers on magnesium substrates.Polyvinyl alcohol was used as an in-situ reductant to transform GO into reduced GO.Contiguous and uniform GO-PVA coatings were prepared on magnesium substrates by dip-coating method,and were further thermally treated at 120 ℃ under ambient condition to obtain in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings.Owing to the reducing effect of PVA.thermal treatment at low temperature led to effective in-situ reduction of GO as confirmed by XRD,Raman,FTIR and XPS tests.The corrosion current density of magnesium substrates in 3.5 wt%NaCl solution could be lowered to its 1/25 when using in-situ reduced GO-PVA coatings as protective layers.     

AZ91D镁合金在NaCl溶液中的电化学噪声现象

利用电化学噪声技术研究AZ91D镁合金的腐蚀过程,探讨Cl-浓度对AZ91D镁合金电化学噪声的影响.首先使用电化学工作站对有效噪声数据进行采集,然后对电化学噪声数据进行时域、频域分析,由此演化出电化学噪声特征参数,最终建立了电化学噪声与AZ91D镁合金腐蚀过程的联系.同时使用扫描电子显微镜观察了AZ91D镁合金出现电化学噪声时的表面形貌.实验结果表明,在含Cl-溶液中,AZ91D镁合金在一定时间内均出现不同程度的电化学噪声现象,同时,随着Cl-浓度增加,AZ91D表面伴随着点腐蚀.     

铝-锌合金在氯化物-醋酸介质中的电化学活化机理

目的 研究商用Al-Zn(Zn 4%)合金在氯化物-乙酸介质中的电化学行为.方法 用传统电化学方法获得其电化学数据.通过利用扫描电镜(SEM)和定量能量色散X-射线分析(EDX),测试了金电极的表面特征.结果 研究发现,在氯化物溶液中,活性分解发生在一个非常负的电位上(-1.5V).这显著增加了该合金的电化学行为.其目的在于解释该合金给出的工作电位(-1.1V)、高效率、观察到的准均衡侵蚀和增强的电化学行为(-1.5V)之间的关系.提出了一个用来解释这一发现和利用铟离子来活化纯铝的标准模型.结论 研究发现铝的活化机制有2个:(ⅰ)当在表面上有足够的以准液体状态存在铟时,In-Al汞合金是造成活化作用过程(-1.5 V)的原因.这一过程是通过置换反应促进了Zn的表面富集.(ⅱ)在更高阳极电位处(接近-1.2 V),表面上铟的存在促进了氯化物的吸附过程,该过程使阳极反应去极化.     

Electrochemical determination of Gibbs free energy of formation of magnesium ferrite

The standard Gibbs free energy of formation of magnesium ferrite was determined by means of two types of solid state electrochemical cells: one using MgZr₄(PO₄)₆ (MZP) as the solid electrolyte and the other using CaF₂ as the solid electrolyte. The first cell was operated in the range of 950 to 1100 K. The second cell was operated in the range of 1125 to 1200 K. The reversibility of the cell EMFs was confirmed by microcoulometric titration. The Gibbs energy changes of magnesium ferrite relative to component oxides were calculated based on EMF measurements and are given by following expressions, respectively: △$G_Ⅰ^{{\rm{\rlap{-} o}}}$ = -3579-15 T (J/mol) and △$G_Ⅱ^{{\rm{\rlap{-} o}}}$ =6258-24.3 T (J/mol). The results obtained from two different cells are consistent with each other. The results also are in agreement with Rao's and Tretjakov's data in the measured temperature range. When the Gibbs free energies of formation of MgO and Fe₂0₃ were substituted in the reaction, the Gibbs free energies of formation of MgFe₂0₄ was obtained in two temperature ranges and the for mations are shown as follows: △$G_{Ⅰ\;{\rm{Formation}}}^{{\rm{\rlap{-} o}}}$ =-1427394+360.5 T (J/mol) and △$G_{Ⅱ\;{\rm{Formation}}}^{{\rm{\rlap{-} o}}}$ =-1417557+351.2 T (J/mol).     

Rh纳米粒子电化学制备及其表面增强拉曼效应

利用电化学手段在氧化铟锡(ITO)导电玻璃表面成功制备了Rh纳米粒子,并发现包裹剂、支持电解质以及电化学参数对产物的形貌及尺寸有着显著影响.通过对上述参数的调控实现了Rh纳米粒子的形貌可控制备,得到了准球形、岛状以及片层状的Rh纳米粒子.此外对岛状Rh纳米粒子在表面增强拉曼光谱中的应用进行了研究.结果表明该种结构具有良好的表面增强拉曼活性.     

环氧乙烷／四氢呋喃共聚醚的热氧降解机理

应用电子自旋共振（ＥＳＲ）、核磁共振（ＮＭＲ）及傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴ－ＩＲ）技术研究了环氧乙烷／四氢呋喃共聚醚在空气中加热降解的机理．发现共聚醚的热氧降解首先发生在醚键的α碳上，采用苯基叔丁基硝酸灵作捕捉剂，用ＥＳＲ成功地捕捉到α碳上脱氢后形成的碳自由基和氧自由基．用ＦＴ－ＩＲ跟踪检测了共聚醚在老化过程中的结构变化．结合－维核磁共振波谱及二维化学位移相关谱对降解产物进行了结构表征和归属，揭示了共聚醚热氧降解的机理．     

压铸铝、镁合金缸盖罩NVH性能对比

对新型镁合金材料AZ91D在缸盖罩轻量化设计中的NVH性能进行了研究,采用有限元和边界元的方法对缸盖罩材料替代前后的NVH特性进行了对比分析.结果表明,原铝合金缸盖罩材料替换为镁合金后,结构各阶固有频率和刚度略有下降,但是由于镁合金结构具有良好的阻尼特性,缸盖罩结构表面振动响应明显变弱,表面辐射噪声得到了抑制.同时对仿真结果进行了相关试验验证.     

Electrochemical behavior of aluminum foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids electrolytes

Aluminum (Al) foil is widely used as a current collector in lithium ion batteries, EDLCs and other electrochemical devices, and its electrochemical behavior in electrolytes has great effect on the cycle performances and safety of the electrochemical devices. In this work, corrosion behavior of Al foil in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquids and its electrolytes containing LiTFSI as salt were studied using cyclic voltammogram method. It was found that a passive film was firmly formed on the surface of Al foil after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4 compared to those in EMI-BF_4 and PMI-BF_4. In addition, anodic polarization research showed that the passive film on Al surface in BMI-TFSI did not well exist. A good passive film formed on the surface of Al foil in BMI-BF_4 was not broken down until the potential was up to 94.58 V. Moreover, EDX and XPS analysis showed that F and O exist on the Al surface after the anodic polarization in BMI-BF_4, which ind-cated that a passive film like AlF3 and Al2O3 may be formed on its surface.     

Effect of total aluminum concentration on the formation and transformation of nanosized Al13 and Al30 in hydrolytic polymeric aluminum aqueous solutions

Influence of total aluminum concentration （CAIT） on the generation and transformation of nanosized AI13 and AI30 in hydrolytic polyaluminum aqueous solutions was investigated using high field 27AI NMR and time-developed AI-Ferron complex colorimetry. When prepared at the optimal basicity （B） of Al13 generation and 80℃, the All3 species in polyaluminum solution tends to further polymerize and convert to AI30 and higher polymers when CAI; 〉0.2 mol· L^-1, but Al13 does not convert to AI30 quantificationally, as the formation of Alu from Al13 and AI30 is accelerated in the same way. The conversion rate of All3 is accelerated by the increase in CAIT. When CAlT 〉0.75 mol·.L^-1, Al13 content decreases rapidly, and AI30 content increases continuously and becomes the dominant nanometer polynuclear aluminum species. AIm is one of prerequisites of Al13 conversion to AI30. When CAI; increases and B reduces, the polymerization rate between Al13 and Aim increases, and at the same time, the dissociation reaction rate of All3 and AI30 by H^＋ also increases. The latter becomes the dominant reaction in polyaluminum solution with low B value, so AI30 decreases with the increasing CAlT. The hydrolytic polyaluminum solution with Al13 content beyond 80% can only be prepared under the condition of CAlT〈0.5 mol· L^-1 and optimal B value.     

碱金属/THF体系不对称还原樟脑制备右旋龙脑

利用樟脑还原中间产物的分子热力学稳定性差异,在碱金属/THF(四氢呋喃)体系中进行樟脑的不对称还原研究,考察碱金属用量、溶剂用量、反应时间和反应温度对反应的影响.结果表明,最优反应条件为碱金属与樟脑的量比为2.8,溶剂用量与樟脑的量比为22.5,反应时间为3 h,反应温度为25℃.在此条件下,反应所得樟脑转化率为93%,右旋龙脑产率为72%.     

Variation in the reversibility of evolution

How reversible is adaptive evolution? Studies of microbes give mixed answers to this question. Reverse evolution has been little studied in sexual populations, even though the population genetics of sexual populations may be quite different. In the present study, 25 diverged replicated populations of Drosophila melanogaster are returned to a common ancestral environment for 50 generations. Here we show that reverse evolution back to the ancestral state occurs, but is not universal, instead depending on previous evolutionary history and the character studied. Hybrid populations showed no greater tendency to undergo successful reverse evolution, suggesting that insufficient genetic variation was not the factor limiting reverse evolution. Adaptive reverse evolution is a contingent process which occurs with only 50 generations of sexual reproduction.     

超硬铝合金作为阴极在锌电积过程中的电化学行为

选取商业纯铝和超硬铝作为锌电积阴极,在ZnSO4-H2 SO4体系中通过电化学测试研究两种阴极的电化学行为,同时利用扫描电镜观察铝合金上电积锌初期形核,X射线衍射分析锌片结晶取向.研究结果表明：500 A·m-2电流密度下纯铝阴极的析出电位和交换电流密度分别为-1.541 V和7.74×10-11 A·cm-2,超硬铝阴极分别为-1.496 V和6.07×10-3 A·cm-2.合金元素的添加会增加初期形核位置,提高形核速率,而形核速率的提高在一定程度上抑制卤族元素对阴极的腐蚀.沉积3h后,锌片结晶取向没有发生变化.超硬铝易发生烧板和鼓泡,电流效率低,只有84.54%;纯铝电流效率达到88.04%,且沉积锌平整、光滑,但阴极板容易被卤族元素腐蚀.     

格氏试剂还原樟脑的立体选择性研究

天然樟脑与-βC上有活泼氢的格氏试剂反应时,由于樟脑分子外侧空阻大于内侧空阻,格氏试剂立体选择性地主要从空阻小的内侧进攻羰基,发生加氢反应,得到以外型为主的冰片(异冰片).     

The reversibility of mitotic exit in vertebrate cells

A guiding hypothesis for cell-cycle regulation asserts that regulated proteolysis constrains the directionality of certain cell-cycle transitions. Here we test this hypothesis for mitotic exit, which is regulated by degradation of the cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activator, cyclin B. Application of chemical Cdk1 inhibitors to cells in mitosis induces cytokinesis and other normal aspects of mitotic exit, including cyclin B degradation. However, chromatid segregation fails, resulting in entrapment of chromatin in the midbody. If cyclin B degradation is blocked with a proteasome inhibitor or by expression of non-degradable cyclin B, Cdk inhibitors will nonetheless induce mitotic exit and cytokinesis. However, if after mitotic exit, the Cdk1 inhibitor is washed free from cells in which cyclin B degradation is blocked, the cells can revert back to M phase. This reversal is characterized by chromosome recondensation, nuclear envelope breakdown, assembly of microtubules into a mitotic spindle, and in most cases, dissolution of the midbody, reopening of the cleavage furrow, and realignment of chromosomes at the metaphase plate. These findings demonstrate that proteasome-dependent degradation of cyclin B provides directionality for the M phase to G1 transition.     

四氢呋喃调节聚丁二烯微观结构的研究

本文以四氢呋喃(THF)作为正丁基锂-丁二烯-环已烷聚合体系的极性添加剂,以调节产物聚丁二烯的1,2-结构含量(B_v),并对过去我们提出的反应机理及由此推导的B)v～[THF]定量关系式进行验证和深入研究。结果表明,实验数据与定量关系式的计算值十分相符,并求出了综合平衡常数K~′=8.0×10~(-9)e~(12800/RT)(1/mol)~n,络合溶剂化指数n=846.9/T-2.117,在纯THF中产物的1,2-结构含量与温度的关系为a=89.5-0.123t,以及综合活化能(△H+E_π-E_σ)=-55.5 kJ/mol。     

PP/EPDM/MOS无卤阻燃体系阻燃性能的研究

结合碱式硫酸镁晶须(MOS)的阻燃功能,以微胶囊红磷(MRP)为协效剂,制备了无卤阻燃型PP/EP-DM/MOS/MRP共混物,并与PP/EPDM/Mg(OH)2/MRP共混物进行比较;对氧指数(LOI)、垂直燃烧(UL-94)、热重分析(TGA)及锥形量热器(CCT)测试表明:MOS的阻燃效果优于MH,主要是由于在燃烧过程中形成了稳定致密的碳层,对基材起到了保护作用;提出PP/EPDM热塑性弹性体的动态硫化可进一步提高PP/EPDM/MOS/MRP阻燃体系的阻燃性能。     

生物质/聚吡咯复合材料的电化学性能研究

在造纸行业中作为废液的木质素磺酸盐是一种含有甲氧基和酚羟基的生物质衍生物,由于具有可逆的氧化还原反应而提供赝电容.但木质素磺酸盐的导电性低,从而不能直接作为超级电容器电极.本文在含木质素磺酸钠(Lig)的体系中原位聚合吡咯(Py)制备了具有导电性能的木质素磺酸钠/聚吡咯复合材料(LP).通过扫描电镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)测试对其形貌和结构进行表征.结果表明:当Lig与Py质量比为1∶1和电流密度为1 A/g时,复合材料具有高的比电容(346.8 F/g),相比于单纯聚吡咯(PPy)的比电容提高了约50 F/g.而且当电流密度从1 A/g升高到10 A/g时,LP1的倍率性能高达60.8%,比PPy提高了9.3%.在高电流密度10 A/g时,复合物LP1经过1 000次恒电流充放电后仍保留了47%的电容值,表明复合物LP1表现出好的循环稳定性.