厦门和雷州湾海域中华白海豚click信号的分析与比较

对福建厦门和广东雷州湾海域的中华白海豚(Sausa chinensis)进行野外声信号的记录,选取2个海域中华白海豚所发射的共40个click信号串,其包含了1 000个click信号,对其进行分析与对比.根据构成click信号的波形数量把click信号分为5类,分别为含1个、2个、3个、4个和5个及以上波形click信号.其中,2个海域中华白海豚的click信号均以含4个及以上波形为主,厦门海域中华白海豚click信号含4个及以上波形的占总数的84.2%;雷州湾中华白海豚该值为77.6%.2个海域含4个波形click信号在时长上存在显著差异(t检验,t=3.39,DOF=84,p0.05),含5个及以上波形click信号时长同样存在显著差异(t检验,t=-10.01,DOF=682,p0.05).分析比较了2个海域中华白海豚相邻click信号间的时间间隔,厦门海域中华白海豚相邻click信号间的时间间隔为7.8~349.2ms,雷州湾中华白海豚该值为3.3~124.3ms.利用中华白海豚所发射的click信号在浅海多径传播中不同路径的时延,对两海域中华白海豚的峰峰声源级进行估计,并对Au提出的海豚信号传播损失模型进行了传播损失上的修正.分析结果表明:厦门海域中华白海豚的峰峰声源级平均值为(179.4±8.7)dB,雷州湾中华白海豚该值为(204.1±5.4)dB.由于雷州湾click信号录音海域的背景噪声级高于厦门录音点所在海域,初步分析这是造成雷州湾中华白海豚峰峰声源级高于厦门海域中华白海豚的主要原因之一.     

成年与幼仔斑海豹空气中声信号的特性比较

海豹科动物发声与其生命活动息息相关,记录其声信号并分析信号特征是海豹声学研究的一个重点.对斑海豹(Phoca largha)在空气中的发声及信号特性进行研究,对成年斑海豹与幼仔斑海豹的声信号特征进行比较,并利用Mat-lab R2011a等软件对这些信号进行时域和频域分析.结果表明:成年斑海豹在空气中声信号的持续时间分布在0.6～1.6s,平均值为1.15s,频谱能量集中分布在0.5～2kHz,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(0.99±0.18),(0.22±0.17)和(0.69±0.16)kHz;幼仔斑海豹声信号平均持续时间为2.45s,比成年斑海豹长,频谱能量分布与成年斑海豹类似,峰值频率、3dB带宽和10dB带宽分别为(1.13±0.10),(0.11±0.10)和(0.61±0.44)kHz,其中峰值频率和3dB带宽变化范围均比成年斑海豹小.     

全集成CMOS限幅器与场强指示器设计

设计了一款限幅器及场强指示电路,提出了一种新的直流失调补偿方案,利用开关电容电路实现了限幅器消直流失调部分的片内集成.该CMOS限幅器具有65 dB的电压增益,可以对载波为200 kHz、带宽为50kHz的中频信号进行放大.场强指示器部分的动态范围大于70 dB,场强检测的误差小于±1 dB.     

高PSRR超低噪声的LDO设计

便携式医疗电子设备在信号传输中易受到噪声干扰,为了抑制交流纹波对微小信号的影响,设计了一种高电源抑制比(power supply rejection ratio, PSRR)、超低噪声的低压差线性稳压器(low-dropout regulator, LDO)。利用电流缓冲和动态零极点追踪补偿技术来实现环路的稳定,同时也扩展了环路的单位增益带宽,提高了高频下的PSRR。稳压器采用两级结构,通过预稳压调制级加低通滤波器结构来实现低压差线性稳压器的超低噪声,且低通滤波器的截止频率有利于低频下PSRR的提高。基于5 V-0.35μm CMOS工艺设计,采用cadence仿真软件进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在100 kHz、10 kHz、1 kHz、100 Hz频率下,PSRR分别可达到-66、-85、-96和-97 dB。在不同的负载下,输出噪声在10 Hz～100 kHz频段不超过10μVrms,重载(250 mA)时的输出噪声最低可达到7.5μVrms,可用于便携式医疗电子设备。     

伪随机调制序列的CP-EBPSK通信系统

为了紧缩通信系统的信号频谱,减少其线谱能量,引入了一种伪随机序列调制方法.该方法通过对连续相位扩展的二元相移键控(CP-EBPSK)通信系统进行改进,使发射端键控调制时段的相位变化受控于伪随机序列,从而使CP-EBPSK调制指数的符号随机化,同时保持CP-EB-PSK通信系统其他组成部分不变.仿真结果表明,该方法可使调制信号占用的带宽仅为CP-EB-PSK通信系统带宽的一半,显著提高了频谱的利用率.即使在-60 dB带宽的苛刻要求下,当信号载频分别为30 MHz和2.4 GHz时,伪随机序列调制的CP-EBPSK通信系统以约35 dB的信噪比为代价,获得超过200 bit/(s.Hz)的频谱利用率,大幅度紧缩了频谱,提高了系统整体性能.同时,接收机冲击滤波器的特殊滤波效果导致解调器可不受调制符号随机化的影响,从而使得解调器的解调性能基本不变.     

基于双面平行带线的绝对带宽不变频率可调带通滤波器

提出基于双面平行带线结构的电容加载绝对带宽不变频率可调平面带通滤波器,通过选取特定的耦合区域,使谐振器之间耦合系数满足绝对带宽不变的要求. 分别设计了工作在单端信号和差模信号下的滤波器. 结果表明,对于单端信号滤波器,其3 dB绝对带宽（|S₁₁| <-3 dB）在0.97 ~1.43 GHz的中心频率调节范围内约为80±4 MHz;对于差模信号滤波器,其3 dB绝对带宽（|S_dd11| <-3 dB）约为91±3 MHz,对共模噪声的抑制低于-20 dB.      

卫星导航信号设计中的抗多径性能分析

针对传统的多径误差分析方法难以对信号体制设计提供直接的理论指导,提出有限带宽条件下码跟踪多径误差的理论分析方法.在小误差假设条件下,基于线形等效模型推导了多径误差包络的理论表达式,并进行了仿真验证.仿真结果表明,当多径直达信号幅度比(MDR)为-10 dB时,该理论分析方法的偏差小于3%.在相关器间隔趋于0的极限条件下,给出了多径误差包络的理论下界表达式.结果表明:多径误差包络的理论下界取决于多径直达信号幅度比、导航信号自相关函数的一阶导数、导航信号的Gabor带宽以及波动函数;增大信号带宽和增加信号功率谱的高频分量可以减小码跟踪多径误差.     

高速铁路牵引网故障行波频谱成份分析

基于FFT频谱分析和FIR滤波技术原理对实际高速铁路牵引网馈线跳闸时的行波信号频谱进行了分析。结果显示:在(10～300)kHz频段,反射行波信号幅值较小,噪声信号幅值较大,整体波形在原点附近持续振荡;在(300～600)kHz频段,整体波形未发生明显的振荡,但在幅值较大的行波波头信号后,有较严重的拖尾峰存在。从600 kHz开始,随着频率的增加,行波信号的幅值慢慢下降,但主峰幅值信号下降的速度明显低于其后振荡过程中信号幅值的下降速度。     

高频声学流速层析研究

海陆界面是人类海洋开发活动最为集中的区域,流速在线监测对于其物质通量和生态系统演变极其重要.本文研究了小尺度海陆界面的高频声学流量层析,基于声互易传输原理构建河流平均流速和流量的声学反演算法,并在漳州九龙江海陆界面开展验证实验.应用高频换能器(中心频率为60 kHz,带宽为40–80 kHz)进行互易收发.根据声速剖面和水下地形测量,开展射线声学数值模拟,揭示高频声传播规律.实验测量表明,声信号具有较高的信号幅度和互相关峰值,能够反演河流的平均流速和流量,并对台风“海贝思”期间河流平均流速和流量实现动态监测.研究表明,高频声层析可应用于海陆界面水动力研究、水文测量、洪峰和强降雨等极端事件的监测与预报等.     

GPS L1C信号的仿真分析

GPS L1C信号采用数据和导频双通道结构.基于Matlab仿真产生L1C信号并分析了数据、导频通道的自相关和频谱特性,两通道有类似的相关函数包络,导频通道自相关函数的旁峰相比数据通道向外偏移0.06个码片,相同的码相位范围内峰值变化更加剧烈,其相关峰的斜率比数据通道自相关函数高2.56dB,中心主峰更窄.比较了不同前端带宽下BPSK(1),BOC(1,1),BOC(6,1),TMBOC(6,1,4/33)调制信号的均方根带宽,理论上TMBOC(6,1,4/33)信号的跟踪精度相比L1C/A信号提高了57%.分析了次级码的相关特性.它具有强自相关性,有效降低卫星信号互相关函数的旁瓣,旁瓣比为27.4dB.研究表明L1C信号具有优良的跟踪精度和减少互相关干扰的潜能.     

Automatic gain control in the echolocation system of dolphins

In bats and technological sonars, the gain of the receiver is progressively increased with time after the transmission of a signal to compensate for acoustic propagation loss. The current understanding of dolphin echolocation indicates that automatic gain control is not a part of their sonar system. In order to test this understanding, we have performed field measurements of free-ranging echolocating dolphins. Here we show that dolphins do possess an automatic gain control mechanism, but that it is implemented in the transmission phase rather than the receiving phase of a sonar cycle. We find that the amplitude of the dolphins' echolocation signals are highly range dependent; this amplitude increases with increasing target range, R, in a 20 log(R) fashion to compensate for propagation loss. If the echolocation target is a fish school with many sound scatterers, the echoes from the school will remain nearly constant with range as the dolphin closes in on it. This characteristic has the same effect as time-varying gain in bats and technological sonar when considered from a sonar system perspective.     

Echolocation calls of Myotis frater (Chiroptera: Hipposi- deridae) during search flight

Echolocation calls of Myotis frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity and occurs in all echolocation calls. The frequency of this fundamental harmonic ranges from 110.8 to 50.2 kHz, and its duration is about 3.5 ms. The second and the third harmonics are relatively weak, occurring in 50.0% and 25.0% of echolocation calls respectively, with frequencies ranging from 138.4 to 116.6 kHz for the second harmonic and from 193.6 to 170.8 kHz for the third harmonic. We presume that, according to the echolocation call features, Myotis frater probably forages the insects on the ground of complex environments.     

Echolocation calls ofMyotis frater (Chiroptera: Hipposideridae) during search flight

Echolocation calls ofMyotis frater emitted during the search phase consist of brief frequency-modulated pulses. The sound signals are comprised of three harmonics of which the first one is of the highest intensity and occurs in all echolocation calls. The frequency of this fundamental harmonic ranges from 110.8 to 50.2 kHz, and its duration is about 3.5 ms. The second and the third harmonics are relatively weak, occurring in 50.0% and 25.0% of echolocation calls respectively, with frequencies ranging from 138.4 to 116.6 kHz for the second harmonic and from 193.6 to 170.8 kHz for the third harmonic. We presume that, according to the echolocation call features,Myotis frater probably forages the insects on the ground of complex environments.     

声波测井高灵敏度宽带接收器研究

采用有限元法与实验测量相结合对可应用于声波测井的高灵敏度宽带接收器进行研究。通过ANSYS对接收器的优化分析表明,接收器的性能主要受陶瓷片长度和厚度的影响,减少陶瓷片长度有利于拓宽工作频带,增加陶瓷片厚度有利于提高接收灵敏度。优化后接收器的性能指标如下:接收器的工作频率为1~30 k Hz,频带内接收灵敏度平均值为-204.85 d B,灵敏度起伏量小于2.3 d B。在此基础上,加工制作接收器并进行实验测试,测试结果与计算结果基本吻合,证实了接收器具有高灵敏度、宽频带的特点。     

一种低资源数字抽取滤波器设计

设计并实现一个应用于音频Sigma-Delta模数转换器的低资源数字抽取滤波器。该滤波器采用多级多采样率结构, 整体带内纹波小于0.06 dB, 带宽为21.6 kHz, 最低工作频率为10 MHz。通过滤波器硬件架构的设计, 有效地缩小了抽取滤波器的电路面积和功耗。芯片测试结果表明, 对 64 倍过采样率、4 阶Sigma-Delta调制的 1 bit 脉冲密度调制信号输出码流进行处理, 得到音频信号的信噪比达到87.2 dB, 在SMIC 0.13 μm 工艺下, 数字部分的面积约为0.146 mm²。与同类型抽取滤波器相比, 面积减小58%, 功耗减少60%以上。     

A high-performance narrowband high temperature superconducting filter

Recent development of a high-performance narrowband high-temperature superconducting (HTS) filter is presented. A 10-pole quasi-elliptic function response filter with two pairs of transmission zeros (for high selectivity), which has a center frequency of 2.185 GHz and a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 MHz (a fractional bandwidth of 0.45%), is introduced. The filter was fabricated on a 40 mm×16 mm×0.5 mm MgO wafer with double-sided YBCO films. The measured results show that the filter has 0.15 dB insertion loss at the ...     

一种用于UWB接收端的带通滤波器分析与设计

采用0.18 μm工艺设计1个用于UWB接收端的4阶切比雪夫有源RC带通滤波器.给出1种有损积分器直流增益补偿策略,从而减小滤波器对运算放大器直流增益的要求.同时,采用1种数控电阻的方式实现通带增益的调节.仿真结果表明:所设计的滤波器在通带增益为0dB时,通带纹波增益为0.112 dB,下-3 dB频率为156 kHz,上-3 dB频率为259 MHz,带宽为258.844 MHz;频率为500 MHz处的信号衰减为28.25 dB,频率为792MHz处的信号衰减为45.16dB,完全符合UWB接收端对带通滤波器的性能指标要求.     

Modulation response performances of a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser subjected to light injection from another Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser

The modulation response characteristics of a Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser （slave FP-LD） subjected to light injection from another Fabry-Perot semiconductor laser （master FP-LD） have been investigated theoretically. The results show that the modulation response performances of the slave FP-LD depend on the light injection strength, the central mode frequency detuning △f and the mode spacing difference between the slave FP-LD and the master FP-LD. With the increase of the light injection strength from the master FP-LD, the 3 dB modulation bandwidth of the slave FP-LD will be enhanced; however, if the injection strength is increased to certain degree, the front side of the relaxation oscillation peak will be reduced to below 3 dB, which results in the rapid decrease of the 3 dB modulation bandwidth. With the increase of △f, for a relatively small injection strength level, the 3 dB modulation bandwidth will behave a monotonous enlargement until the slave FP-LD operates in a period-one state （P1）. For a relatively strong optical injection level, the slave FP-LD has a broad injection-locked frequency detuning area. Within the injection-locked area, with the increase of frequency detuning △f, the 3dB modulation bandwidth increases at first and then decreases after experiencing a maximum value. For given light injection strength and frequency detuning, the 3 dB modulation bandwidth of the slave FP-LD has two maximums and behaves a symmetrical distribution with the change of △λ By choosing reasonable parameters, the 3 dB modulation bandwidth can be significantly improved. For the parameter values selected in this paper, the 3 dB modulation bandwidth can increase 5.5 times compared with the case of free running.     

一种基于延时线的全数字脉冲式超宽带发射机

本文设计了一款应用于无线体域网的全数字超宽带脉冲发射机.采用开环工作的延时线得到不同的延时信号,再由边沿合成器将多路延时信号合成为具有较高中心频率的短时方波脉冲信号,该短时方波脉冲信号经过输出驱动模块及带通滤波电路整形成为超宽带脉冲信号.芯片采用中芯国际0.13μm RF CMOS实现,面积为1 118μm×873μm.测试结果表明,发射机输出脉冲信号的最大幅度为220mV,信号-10dB带宽可在0.9~1.5GHz之间调节,脉冲信号中心频率在3.2~4.4GHz范围内可配置,当脉冲重复速率为15Mb/s、信号带宽为0.9GHz,输出信号设置为最大幅度时,芯片功耗为0.9mW.