胚胎神经细胞悬浮液的脑内移植——Ⅰ.大白鼠胚胎海马细胞在海人酸损毁的成鼠海马内存活及其对学习和记忆的影响

本实验用 Bjorklund等胚胎脑细胞悬浮液移植法,将Wistar大白鼠14—19天胚胎的海马细胞悬浮液注入事先受海人酸损毁的成年Wistar大白鼠海马内。脑组织学检查表明,移植的海马细胞在宿主脑内能良好地存活,聚成人工“核团”,有些甚至集结于大脑皮层深部或丘脑的外侧,并使之移位。避暗行为的学习和记忆测试表明:它能促进因海人酸损毁海马CA3、CA4区锥体细胞而受障碍的避暗行为的学习和记忆的恢复。     

大白鼠海马神经元NOS与AChE活性的研究

目的:观察大白鼠海马不同亚区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元的活性。方法:分别采用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)组织化学方法对大白鼠海马不同亚区NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布以及活性进行研究。结果:海马不同亚区均含有NOS和AChE阳性神经元,其中CA2区NOS呈强阳性反应,CA3区AChE呈强阳性反应。结论:实验表明,NOS和AChE阳性神经元广泛分布于大白鼠海马不同亚区,为进一步探讨海马的学习记忆功能机制提供了形态学佐证。     

海马结构与大白鼠避暗行为的学习和记忆Ⅲ.不同剂量的海人酸注入海马各部的影响

本实验观察了不同剂量的海人酸分别注入大白鼠两侧海马的各部,发现存活率较高而避暗行为的学习和记忆又受严重损害的,乃是0.5微升含0.2微克海人酸的生理盐水注入海马的腹前部或后部。组织学检查证实,这些动物避暗行为的学习和记忆的严重损害,主要是由于海人酸损毁海马腹前部、腹部和后部的CA 3与CA 4区锥体细胞,以及齿状回后部针道四周的颗粒细胞,因此认为这些神经元群与大白鼠避暗行为的学习和记忆密切相关。     

脑室注射海人酸对大白鼠学习记忆行为的影响

大白鼠脑室注射海人酸(KA)5天后,检查被动回避行为和脑组织学变化。发现受注射一侧海马的背側CA3a分区锥体细胞破坏,对长时记忆,特别是长时记忆形成能力有严重损害,对学习和短时记忆无明显影响。增大KA剂量,对锥体细胞的破坏范围也扩大,能波及CA3,CA4和CAl区锥体细胞,双侧注射KA,两侧海马的背侧锥体细胞都有损毁,但对学习记忆行为的损害程度并不增高。这些结果提示,海马背侧CA3a分区锥体细胞在被动回避反应行为的长时记忆形成中有重要意义;长时记忆与学习和短时记忆的形成,在海马结构中可能有不同的神经基础,脑室注射KA后2月,海马锥体细胞的破坏仍未见恢复,长时记忆形成能力的受损亦未能代偿。本文还讨论了海马CA3影响长时记忆过程的可能神经机理。     

海马结构与大白鼠避暗行为的学习和记忆Ⅴ.海人酸注入海马腹前部的长期影响

在双侧海马腹前部分别注以0.2微克海人酸而几乎完全阻断避暗行为的学习和记忆的Wistar大白鼠上,于给药9周后再次测试其避暗行为的学习和记忆,并于10周后检查其相关的脑组织学。结果表明:约有20％的动物基本恢复避暗行为的学习和记忆,60％的则基本未恢复,这两者似乎主要取决于海马腹部(相当于Krieg大白鼠脑图谱AP4.0毫米冠状面前方的腹部,尤其是AP4.0—3.0毫米处)CA3、CA4区中剩留的锥体细胞多与少。     

脑震荡后综合征大鼠海马的神经损伤及磁共振波谱分析

目的:探讨脑震荡损伤对大鼠海马区代谢物水平的影响及其病理机制.方法:将25只成年雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组(n=10)和PCS组(n=15),采用Marmarou改良法复制大鼠脑震荡损伤模型,对脑震荡24h大鼠及对照组大鼠进行1H-MRS扫描后处死,对脑组织进行免疫组织化学和免疫荧光染色观察海马CA1区的残存锥体细胞和凋亡细胞的数量.结果:1H-MRS扫描结果显示,PCS组大鼠左侧海马区NAA/Cr水平(0.824±0.17)明显低于正常对照组(1.299±0.12),P<0.01;PCS组大鼠右侧海马NAA/Cr水平(0.792±0.17)明显低于正常对照组(1.287±0.18),P<0.01.PCS组大鼠海马CA1区小血管扩张淤血,锥体细胞呈代偿肥大与凋亡并存状态.免疫组织化学结果显示,PCS组大鼠海马CA1区NeuN阳性细胞数量(176.17±26.92)较正常对照组(228.33±26.34)明显减少,P<0.05;免疫荧光实验结果显示,PCS组海马CA1区凋亡细胞的数量(48.03±5.46)较正常对照组(35.49±7.75)明显增多,P<0.01.结论:脑震荡后大鼠双侧海马区神经细胞的代谢物水平均下降,海马CA1区残存锥体细胞数量减少和凋亡细胞增多,后者可能是代谢物水平变化的病理基础.     

海马结构与大白鼠避暗行为的学习和记忆——Ⅶ.海马腹部注射喹啉酸的影响

将0.5微升含6微克喹啉酸(QA)的生理盐水或磷酸缓冲液分别注于Wistar雌性大白鼠的双侧海马腹部,与手术对照组或正常对照组对比表明:所注的QA能不同程度地损毁相当于Krieg′s大白鼠脑图谱H6.0毫米水平切面以下的海马腹前部与腹后部的CA_3与CA_4区锥体细胞,并明显地削弱它们的避暗行为的长时(24与48小时)记忆(尤其是以磷酸缓冲液为溶剂时)。但是,与海人酸(Kainin acid)相比,尽管所用的QA剂量要大70倍,而对大白鼠的海马锥体细胞与避暗行为的学习和记忆的破坏作用,却远不如海人酸的严重。     

Morris水迷宫训练诱导大鼠海马轴突重塑

目的:观察Morris水迷宫训练后大鼠海马苔藓纤维分布的变化,探讨海马神经元轴突的可塑性.方法:2月龄雄性SD大鼠40只,随机分为水迷宫训练模型组20只,游水对照组20只.用Neo-Timm染色观察海马苔藓纤维的分布;免疫荧光组织化学方法检测海马微管相关蛋白tau-1的定位;Western blotting方法检测tau-1表达.结果:SD大鼠经6 d学习训练,其逃避潜伏期逐日缩短.与对照组大鼠相比,Neo-Timm染色显示模型组大鼠海马CA3区苔藓纤维延伸至锥体细胞层和起始层,tau-1免疫表达阳性产物除分布在透明层以外,锥体细胞层或起始层内有明显颗粒分布.Western blotting显示tau-1表达量增加.结论:结果表明Morris水迷宫训练可以诱导大鼠海马CA3区轴突的重塑,提示苔藓纤维系统可作为一个研究轴突重塑和认知关系的理想区域.     

大鼠在学习记忆时海马ACh和ACh能纤维的变化

目的 观察大鼠在学习记忆时海马乙酰胆碱(ACh)和ACh能纤维的变化,从而探讨中枢ACh与学习记忆的关系.方法 以水迷宫法建立大鼠学习记忆动物模型,用碱性羟胺比色法测定海马ACh含量,以及乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的组织化学检测海马CA2,CA4区AChE.结果 具有学习记忆能力的大鼠海马ACh含量和ACh能纤维的密度均比对照组增加(P<0.05).结论 中枢ACh参与学习记忆的过程,并与记忆的巩固有关.     

C57Black／6小鼠全脑缺血后海马神经元损伤的研究

目的:C57black/6小鼠采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭的方法制造全脑缺血模型并进行研究,为这种新的模型在脑缺血研究中的应用提供试验依据.方法:双侧颈总动脉夹闭10 min及30 min诱发全脑缺血模型,术后28 d处死小鼠,制作石蜡切片进行HE染色;术后1 d,3 d,5 d,7 d处死小鼠,制作冰冻切片进行TUNEL及PI免疫染色.结果:在全脑缺血中,10 min组和30 min组小鼠海马CA1区均存在神经细胞受损现象,30 min组神经受损情况严重,30 min组海马CA1区锥体细胞存在明显的凋亡和坏死两种死亡形式.结论 30min全脑缺血更易于引起C57Black/6小鼠海马CA1区神经细胞坏死,30 min全脑缺血试验动物模型更能模拟临床脑缺血.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-