抗皱纤维素膜的制备与性能研究

利用氢氧化钠-尿素-硫脲溶剂体系将纤维素浆粕溶解,向溶液中添加1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸,配制成纤维素纺丝液并制得了纤维素膜.通过红外光谱分析和折皱回复角、断裂强力等测试,表征了膜的结构和性能.结果表明,该纤维素膜在一定条件下可以发生酯化交联反应并具有抗皱性能.改变1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸的用量、反应温度和反应时间,可以在纤维素膜的折皱回复角和断裂强力之间取得某种平衡.     

Thermal Properties of Crosslinking Modified Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene Fibers by Ultra-Violet Irradiation

By means of ultra-violet(UV)irradiation with photoini-tiator and multifunctional crosslinking agent,thecrosslinking modification of ultrahigh molecular weightpolyethylene(UHMWPE)fibers prepared by gel-spin-ning was carried out.Thermal properties of fiber sampleswere examined using differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermomechanical analysis(TMA)apparatusand a manual device.The results indicated that the opti-mal irradiation energy is 250-400 mJ/cm~2,heat-andcreep-resistant behaviors of modified fibers have beenimproved.     

β-环糊精与六种不同纤维接枝反应历程的研究

根据β-环糊精(β-CD)分子形态和空腔的结构特性,分析和探讨了β-CD与6种不同纤维的反应历程,分别为:通过以环氧基为交联桥,制备β-CD接枝纤维素纤维;采用β-CD和1,2,3,4-丁烷四羧酸对羊毛织物进行接枝研究;利用含磺酸基的β-CD对聚酰胺纤维进行改性,将β-CD接枝到聚酰胺纤维上;选用乙二醛或戊二醛为交联剂改性壳聚糖生成交联结构并接枝到壳聚糖纤维上;以邻碘酰基苯甲酸为氧化剂合成环糊精单醛,在弱酸性的条件下通过还原氨化反应接枝到蚕丝纤维上;利用β-CD与多元羧酸反应所得的共聚物接枝聚酯纤维.     

Fibrillation Property of the Lyocell Fibers Treated by N-hydroxymethyl Cross-linking Agents

Lyocell fibers are subject to fibrillate under wet conditions, which severely affects the appearance of this kind of fabrics. Cross-Unking treatment is an important way to prevent fibrillation of lyocell fibers. In this study, two kinds of traditional N-hydroxymethyl cross-linking agents were used to treat lyocell fibers and the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers were measured in a wet abrasion test. The results show the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers increase with the increasing concentration of the cross-linking agents, which indicates the anti-fibrillation property of the treated fibers has been improved. But the mechanical properties of the treated fibers decreased in some extent. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the lyocell fibers have cross-linked with cross-linking agents. The SEM analysis results show the fibers treated by 4% DMDHEU or 5% SECO have good anti-fibrillation properties.     

Studies on the Crystallization Properties and Morphology Structure of the Cationic Dyeable Polypropylene Fibers

The crystallization properties and morphology structure of the cationic dyeable polypropylene fibers which were produced by the blending spinning method were studied by making use of X-ray and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It comes to the conclusions that the larger the crystallite size in the fibers is , the better the dycable properties of the fibers are and there is a little compatibility between the dyeable agent and polypropylene resin. And the dye-uptake of the fibers may be up to 90% because the dyeable agent can uniformly be scattered in polypropylene.     

聚硅氧烷乳液交联制备脱模剂的工艺条件研究

以二甲基硅氧烷混合环体（DMC）为原料,利用乳液聚合法制得聚硅氧烷乳液,并用乙醇醇解甲基三氯硅烷所得的甲基三乙氧基硅烷进行乳液交联,最后以三甲基氯硅烷作为封端剂为其封端.研究了交联温度、交联反应时间、交联剂用量以及封端剂用量对乳液的影响,并确定了最适宜的反应条件,即交联温度为（60±5）℃,交联时间4h左右,交联剂用量为DMC质量的34％～46％,封端剂用量为DMC质量的5％～7％.     

Effects of Process Technology on Structure and Properties of HMLS Fibers

High modulus low shrinkage (HMLS) fibers have been prepared by using higher viscosity PET chips. The effects of the process conditions on their structure and properties have been studied by various testing techniques. The results show that the suitable spuming speed for preparing of HMLS fibers is 2 000 - 2 800 m/ min. With the increase of the spinning speed, the density, crystallinity, and birefringence of the initial fibers increase obviously, but the shrinkage ratio decreases rapidly. The effects of process technology on properties of the HMLS fibers have also been discussed.     

Fibrillation Property of the Lyocell Fibers Treated by N-hydroxymethyl Cross-linking Agents

Lyocell fibers are subject to fibrillate under wet conditions, which severely affects the appearance of this kind of fabrics. Cross-linking treatment is an important way to prevent fibrillation of lyocell fibers. In this study, two kinds of traditional N- hydroxymethyl crosslinking agents were used to treat lyocell fibers and the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers were measured in a wet abrasion test. The results show the wet abrasion values of lyocell fibers increase with the increasing concentration of the cross-linking agents, which indicates the anti-fibrillation property of the treated fibers has been improved. But the mechanical properties of the treated fibers decreased in some extent. The FT-IR spectroscopy analysis shows that the lyocell fibers have cross-linked with cross-linking agents. The SEM analysis results show the fibers treated by 4% DMDHEU or 5%SECO have good anti-fibrillation properties.     

丝胶蛋白膜的制备及其物理性能

以环氧树脂作为交联剂制备具有一定力学性能的丝胶蛋白膜。用X-射线衍射法研究丝胶蛋白膜的聚集态结构；对丝胶蛋白膜的热水溶失率和力学性能进行测定；并探讨了交联剂种类、比例对丝胶蛋白膜性能和结构的影响。结果表明，交联剂对丝胶蛋白膜的交联作用明显，引起了丝胶结晶形态的变化；并改善了丝胶蛋白膜的物理性能，交联剂PEGO10加入30％左右所制得的丝胶蛋白膜拉伸断裂强度和断裂伸长率较好。     

Die-Swell Performance of Colored Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)Fiber Prepared by Wet Spinning

The colored poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide)(PMIA)spinning solution was prepared by wet spinning and the die-swell of the colored PMIA spinning solution was done when it was extruded from a die in this experiment.The properties and structures of colored PMIA fibers were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The colored PMIA spinning dopes were first commixed in a pressurizer and then spun into a coagulation bath.The effect of die swell on the colored PMIA solution was resulted from the viscoelastic properties of the colored PMIA solution in the spinning process.The results showed that the die-swell ratio of the colored PMIA solution increased linearly with increasing the pressure and die length/diameter ratio(L/D).At the same pressure and L/D,the die-swell ratio decreased with the increase of filter layers and temperature.Also,optimized spinning parameters of the dopedyed PMIA fiber were obtained.     

纳米整理剂在纺织品功能整理中的应用

用纳米氧化锌与水溶性聚氨酯配制功能整理剂,其中粒径100nm以下的纳米氧化锌粒子达到95.22%.研究其对棉、丝织物抗皱、抗紫外线及抗菌的性能,结果表明:整理后的棉、丝织物回复角提高,抗皱性改善,且有较好的强力及白度保持率;经纳米氧化锌水溶性聚氨酯整理剂整理的纯棉织物,10次水洗后的紫外防护因子(UPF)等级达到50 ,整理剂放置30d后,再经轧烘焙整理织物的UPF保持率分别为95.39%和95.11%,UPF等级保持不变,整理后的棉织物有明显的抗大肠杆菌抑菌圈.     

Modifying the poly ether ester antistatic agent by carbon nanotubes, the antistatic effect on polypropylene fibers

A new antistatic fiber is investigated using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) to enhance the antistatic ability of polymer fibers based on the mechanism of the discharging process of polarity macromolecule. Composite antistatic agent (CAA), prepared by dispersing CNTs in an organic antistatic agent carrier containing metallic ions in their main chains, is cospun with polypropylene (PP) to prepare CAA/PP fibers. It is indicated through analyzing the measured dynamic tribo-electrostatic voltages that CNTs can promote the discharging process of polarity macromolecule of antistatic agent carrier and further improve the antistatic ability of PP fibers. It is also indicated that the antistatic effect promoted by CNTs is better than that by conductive carbon black. Moreover, the antistatic effects of the CNTs treated by different methods are also compared.     

静电纺丝法制备聚合物扭曲螺旋结构微纳米纤维

用一种改进的静电纺丝装置,在25～30kV下,制备了有机高分子聚乙烯醇的微纳米螺旋结构纤维。纤维直径小于1μm,螺旋结构的螺距在几个微米到十几微米。通过对实验结果分析,认为纤维螺旋结构是微流体受强电场等复合作用的结果,而静电排斥作用对纤维的螺旋结构形貌形成起决定性作用。     

静电纺丝法制备Eu3+掺杂的氧化钆纳米纤维

以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP) 为络合剂与Gd(NO3)3·6H2O和Eu(NO3)3·6H2O反应制得前驱体溶液, 采用静电纺丝技术制备了PVP／Gd(NO3)3·Eu(NO3)3复合纳米纤维,经焙烧得到分布均匀、具有较大比表面积的Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米纤维。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、红外光谱(FT-IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)及差热-热重分析(TG-DTA)等现代分析手段对纤维的表面形貌、纯度和结晶度进行了表征。荧光光谱分析表明:随着烧结温度的升高,Gd2O3:Eu3+纳米纤维的结晶度就越高,其荧光性能也越来越强。     

VARTM制备麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料研究

通过对黄麻纤维热处理、碱处理、硅烷偶联剂处理和异氰酸酯处理进行表面改性,并对改性黄麻纤维布进行热压工艺处理,最后采用VARTM成型工艺制备黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料,并对其性能进行了系统研究.通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析表明,热处理和碱处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结未得到明显改善,而通过硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的界面粘结性能得到了显著的提高.将硅烷偶联剂和异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维布通过热压处理不仅可以增加复合材料中黄麻纤维体积含量,而且可以提高复合材料的综合性能,复合材料力学性能研究表明,经硅烷偶联剂处理后的黄麻纤维增强复合材料拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了18.6%,71.4%和50.2%.经异氰酸酯处理的黄麻纤维增强复合材料的拉伸强度、模量和弯曲强度分别提高了16.3%,34.0%和50.3%.     

抗菌Lyocell纤维的研制

选择了4种抗菌剂，采用共混纺丝的方法制备了抗菌Lyocell纤维，并探讨了它们的抗菌性能和物理机械性能。     

Effects of Coagulation Conditions on Tensile Properties of Regenerated Cellulose Fibers

The effects of coagulation conditions on tensile properties of the regenerated cellulose fibers prepared by wet-spinning from NaOH/thiourea/urea(8∶6.5∶8 by weight)aqueous solvent were investigated by tensile tester,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and scanning electron microscope(SEM).The results show that the tensile properties of the as-spun fibers change with the coagualtion concentration,temperature,and time.When the spinning solution is coagulated in 10% H2SO4/12.5% Na2SO4 aqueous solution,the as-spun fibers hav...     

明胶水溶液静电纺丝成形研究

以水为溶剂制备明胶溶液进行静电纺丝,在60 ℃～65 ℃纺得明胶超细纤维,探讨了溶液质量分数、静电电压及纤网收集距离等因素对明胶/水溶液体系静电纺丝成形的影响。结果表明,在60 ℃及65 ℃时,明胶溶液的黏度随其质量分数的增加而大幅上升,呈2次指数关系;随着明胶溶液质量分数的降低（从25%降到15%）,所得纤维平均直径减少（从266.5 nm降为167.7 nm）;随着静电纺丝电压升高,纤维直径下降,当电压大于17 kV以后其变化趋于平缓;改变静电纺丝收集距离,从11 cm到21cm,电纺所得的纤维直径为165～210 nm,变化幅度不大。     

大麻纤维的开发利用——大麻化学脱胶及纤维加工工艺

大麻因单纤维细胞很短,脱胶又很困难,国际上长期以来,没找到一条能使其应用于机器纺织的有效办法。本文根据大麻的化学成分和物理性质,论述利用化学的方法进行适度脱胶,再利用机械分离的方法,分级提取不同长度的纤维,以适应国内外现有的纺纱机器,织造各种花色品种的高档服装面料。     

NaSCN溶剂法纺制非卤系阻燃腈纶的研究

以ＮａＳＣＮ为溶剂，采用均相共混法纺制阻燃腈纶。研究了复合阻燃剂磷酸二氢铵和脲的阻燃能力及添加量和，加入阻燃剂后纺丝原液流变性能的变化；确定了阻燃纤维的纺丝拉伸及热定型的工艺条件。纺制出的纤维限氧指数大于２６％，物理机械性能良好