白蚁伞多糖的发酵生产

对白蚁伞在摇瓶和发酵罐中发酵产生白蚁伞多糖的动力学做了较为详细的研究。比较了几种不同培养基产生白蚁伞多糖的差异，筛选出在２８℃，２００ｒ／ｍｉｎ条件下，摇瓶产生白蚁伞多糖的最适培养基为黄豆粉葡萄糖培养基（以ｇ／Ｌ计）：黄豆粉５，葡萄糖３０，酵母浸膏粉２，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４１，ＭｇＳＯ４７Ｈ２Ｏ０．５，自来水配制，自然ｐＨ值（约５．５）。发酵１２０ｈ，达到最大的多糖产量０．５７３ｇ／Ｌ。在ＮｅｗＢｒｕｎｓｗｉｃｋＳｃｉｅｎｔｉｆｉｃ（ＮＢＳ）Ｂｉｏｆｌｏ－Ⅱ６．６Ｌ的发酵罐上设定２８℃，６００ｒ／ｍｉｎ，５～７Ｌ／ｍｉｎ的通气量发酵２７ｈ，达到最大的多糖产量０．５６５ｇ／Ｌ。发酵过程的ｐＨ和氨基氮变化与其它食用菌的不同。对苯酚－硫酸法测定糖含量的方法作了改进，使测定糖含量的标准曲线线性和准确性得到改善     

芽孢乳酸菌产乳酸条件的研究

同型乳酸发酵菌株ＴＱ３３的主要产物为Ｌ－乳酸,论文对其适用的发酵培养基和最佳的发酵条件进行了讨论,认为ＴＱ３３在培养基配方为葡萄糖１０ｇ、酵母膏１．５ｇ;蛋白胨０．５ｇ;ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ：０．０５ｇ;碳酸钙６ｇ（ｐＨ７．２－７．４）时,４０℃下振荡（１５０ｒ／ｍｉｎ．）培养２４ｈ后转入静置发酵阶段,发酵７２ｈ产酸量达到最高为６７．８ｇ／Ｌ,其中Ｌ－乳酸占９６％以上。     

棒曲霉UA—2木聚糖酶的蔗渣固态发酵

棒曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｕｓｃｌａｖａｔｕｓ）ＵＡ－２固态发酵蔗渣产木聚酶的培养基为每克蔗渣加营养液５ｍｌ，初始ｐＨ８．５．营养液的适宜组成为每升含：ＮＨ４ＮＯ３１０ｇ、Ｋ２ＨＰＯ４６ｇ、ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０．７５ｇ、ＣａＣｌ２０．７５ｇ、ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ１１．２５ｍｇ、ＭｎＳＯ４·Ｈ２Ｏ３．７５ｍｇ、ＺｎＳＯ４３．０ｍｇ、ＣｏＣｌ２４．５ｍｇ．在上述培养基中接入其湿重１０％（Ｗ／Ｗ）的新鲜的ＵＡ－２种子曲，２８℃培养１０８ｈ，其木聚糖酶，滤纸降解酶和羧甲基纤维素酶的活力分别为２６９５．６、２８．５和４２．７ｕ／ｇ蔗渣．酶反应的最适ｐＨ５．０，最适温度５０℃；在ｐＨ４．０～１１．０内酶活性十分稳定．５０℃保温１ｈ，酶活剩余５５％，８℃下放置２３ｄ，活力几乎不变．磷酸盐，半胱氨酸对酶有激活作用，ＥＤＴＡ和对氯汞本甲酸对酶有抑制作用     

一种喜温蓝藻的培养条件

从厦门杏林湾温泉分离到一种喜温蓝藻Ｓｙｎｅｃｈｏｃｏｃｃｕｓｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｓｖａｒ．ａｍｐｈｉｇｒａｎｕｌａｔｕｓＣｏｐｅｌａｎｄ（Ｓ．ｅｌｏｎｇａｔｕｓＴ３）．测定了该蓝藻的培养条件．培养基ＢＧ－１１以ｐＨ７．５为宜，若添加１．２ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的碳酸氢钠对该蓝藻生长有利；接种量控制在接种后培养液中的细胞密度２×１０６ｃｅｌｌ／ｍＬ较好；适於生长的培养温度和光照强度分别为５５℃和２５００Ｌｘ．经计算，这种蓝藻的细胞倍增时间为６．９ｈ．     

均匀设计在肌苷发酵中的应用

采用均匀设计对肌苷工程菌枯草芽孢杆菌株Ｑ２９０１－４－３５（ＳＧｒ）的最佳发酵条件进行了研究。确定发酵培养基配方为（质量分数）葡萄糖１２％ ,药用酵母粉１．４％ ,硫酸铵１．３％ ,玉米浆０．５％ ,Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４·１２Ｈ２Ｏ ０．５％ ,ＫＣｌ０．６％ ,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ ０．２２％ ,ＣａＣＯ３ ２．０％ ,尿素０．２％ （分消）ｐＨ７．０,在上述发酵培养基中发酵产苷达１５．２０ｇ／Ｌ,该菌株的产苷能力比在原发酵培养基中的产苷能力提高了１０％ 。从而证明均匀设计实验所给回归模型对发酵条件的选择具有重要的指导意义。     

固定化酵母细胞生物合成谷胱甘肽的研究

利用酵母细胞自身ＧＳＨ合成酶和糖酵解途径再生的ＡＴＰ能够合成ＧＳＨ,在含葡萄糖０．７ｍｏｌ／Ｌ,硫酸镁１０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ,０．３ｍｏｌ／Ｌ磷酸钾缓冲液和谷氨酸、半胱氨酸、甘氨酸各２０ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ的１０ｍＬ反应液中,加入１０ｇ（湿重）固定化酵母细胞,３０℃振荡反应８ｈ产生０．９１ｇ／Ｌ的ＧＳＨ。加入腺苷会降低ＧＳＨ的产量;当腺苷开始转化生成ＡＴＰ时加入前体,可明显提高ＧＳＨ的产量。实验结果初步表明：Ａ     

木聚糖降解菌的筛选和木聚糖酶性质的研究

筛选两株生长快、产木聚糖酶活力高的菌种；黑曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｎｉｇｅｒ，ＡＮ０１）、链霉菌（Ｓｔｒｅｐｔｏｍｙｃｅｓｓｐ．Ｓｔｒ７Ｂ），酶活力分别达１２８ｍｇ／Ｌ·ｍｉｎ和１７６ｍｇ／Ｌ·ｍｉｎ；酶反应最适温度分别为６０℃与５０℃；最适ｐＨ值为５．０和６．０，并分别在ｐＨ２．２～５．０，５．８～６．４酶活性稳定；在６０℃条件下保温１．５ｈ，酶活力分别剩余２０．５％，８８．５％，其中ＡＮ０１株原酶液在９０℃保温１０ｍｉｎ，活力仍剩余１４．５％．Ｃｕ２＋对酶活表现出极强抑制，Ｆｅ２＋，Ｍｇ２＋，Ｃａ２＋等离子则有促进作用；用纸层析法探讨了不同培养时间各种产物产生的情况．     

纤维素酶曲的浅盘生产研究

本试验以里氏木霉Ｔｒ－Ｈ为出发菌株,对其浅盘培养条件及酶活测定方法进行优化,结果,当接种量为０．３％,初始ＰＨ值２．０,料层厚度２．５ｃｍ时,２８℃培养１６０小时,５０℃浸提,酶活从原来的２８０ｍｇＧ／ｇ．ｈ提高到６００ｍＧ／ｇ．ｈ;扣盘使酶活下降。     

基因重组人Gamma-干扰素发酵和提取优化工艺的研究

对基因重组人Ｇａｍｍａ－干扰素（ｒＩＦＮ－γ）ＰＢＶ２２０ＤＨ５α工程菌株的发酵工艺进行了研究．结果表明,采用在２５０ｍＬ摇瓶中装液量为１５０ｍＬ,按照１∶４０的稀释比进行两次扩大培养,并在大肠杆菌生长最为活跃的对数生长期内进行诱导表达效果最好．收集菌体以后,将菌体进行冷冻和超声破碎,并在２．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ脲中浸泡８ｈ～９ｈ以清洗杂蛋白,然后用７．０ｍｏｌ／Ｌ盐酸胍（Ｇｕ·ＨＣｌ）提取．在优化工艺条件下,ｒＩＦＮ－γ的收量为９．０×１０６ＩＵ／Ｌ～１２．８×１０６ＩＵ／Ｌ,总蛋白为７９．５ｍｇ／Ｌ～１２７．２ｍｇ／Ｌ,比活为５．６×１０５ＩＵ／ｍｇ～８．０×１０５ＩＵ／ｍｇ,ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ电泳含量可达６０％～８０％,使ＰＢＶ２２０ＤＨ５α工程菌株获得了高效表达．     

紫外诱变原生质体选育碱性蛋白酶高产菌株的研究Ⅲ.诱变株的选育及其产酶条件的研究

以地衣芽孢杆菌（ＢａｃｉｌｕｓＬｉｃｈｅｎｉｆｏｒｍｉｓ）５３号菌为出发菌株，在原生质形成和再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体，并对原生质体进行了多次诱变处理，从大量突变株进行筛选最终获得了高产、稳定、耐热的碱性蛋白酶产生菌株５３－Ｇ３８－６，产酶活力由１１０４Ｕ／ｍｌ提高到２２０８０Ｕ／ｍｌ．该诱变株最适产酶条件为：培养基由质量分数（ｗ／％）为胰蛋白胨１，酵母膏０．５，玉米粉５，Ｎａ２ＨＰＯ４１２Ｈ２Ｏ０．４，ＫＨ２ＰＯ４０．０３，Ｎａ２ＣＯ３０．１组成，ｐＨ自然，培养温度４２℃，培养时间４４～４８ｈ，ｗ／％为０．２的ＣａＣＯ３可提高酶的产量．酶作用的最适条件：６２℃，ｐＨ１０．０，ｐＨ在９～１０之间稳定     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the