航空器离场管制关键环节识别及风险传播研究

航空器离场风险识别是民航安全生产的重要环节，但目前研究多面向航空器运动过程和静态危险源，忽略了管制业务影响和风险动态传播机理．针对此问题，本文提出了基于复杂网络的离场管制关键点识别及风险传播模型．首先，抽象管制信息交互和业务逻辑，构建复杂网络并量化各节点重要度，然后考虑安全管控延迟效应，定义风险产生、传播及恢复规则，形成离场管制风险动态传播模型．实验结果表明：本文模型能再现风险传播机理和规律，机组等10个节点为风险传播关键环节，机组对风险扩散作用最强，传播成功率峰值为0.519，塔台管制员和地面管制员为危险源时能激发其他节点进行风险控制，针对关键节点实施安全管理能有效抑制风险传播．     

关于民航空管的多方面研究

空中交通管制工作的主要任务是保障航空器在空中和地面按照一定规则安全有序地流动,并提供相关服务。而保障航空器安全飞行、避免飞行冲突的工作重任,则是航空管制员的神圣使命。     

基于飞行计划集中处理的多航空器无冲突航迹规划

为增大空域容量,提高飞行安全,降低管制员的工作负荷,4D航迹预测与规划是国内新一代空管自动化系统中最为重要地一项核心技术。首先在预战术流量管理阶段,通过飞行计划集中处理得到的航空器飞行计划信息,将航线划分成若干航段。然后利用航空器在不同航段间的离散型模型和单个航段中运动的连续型模型建立混杂模型,通过全飞行剖面混杂模型进行航迹预测;在相对运动法中采用调整速度来规避航路交叉点冲突以实现冲突解脱。最后提出航迹规划方法并对航空器进行无冲突航迹规划。仿真算例表明：在飞行计划集中处理与混杂模型下预测的水平航迹与垂直航迹能够准确地反映航空器飞行状态变化;调速法或调整时刻能有效地规避飞行冲突,所以提出的无冲突4D航迹规划方法是切实可行的。     

基于宝鸡公交网络节点的中心性分析

选取陕西省宝鸡市的344个公交站点作为节点,基于复杂网络理论构建了宝鸡公交网络模型.通过分析网络中节点的度中心性、介数中心性以及紧密度中心性指标,对网络中各个节点中心化程度进行研究,从不同的角度确定出宝鸡公交网络中的枢纽节点,对应于城市的关键站点和主要换乘站点.网络节点中心化的研究可为城市公交网络站点的合理分配及公交系统规划提供一定的理论依据.     

关于如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力探讨

空中交通管制员的工作职责,主要是利用通信、导航技术和雷达监控手段对飞机飞行活动进行监视和控制,确保飞行安全和有秩序地进行。近几年,中国民航业快速发展,空中交通流量不断增加,加上空域内其他用户的限制和恶劣天气等的影响,空中冲突愈发剧烈,空中交通管制员的工作负荷迅速增加。客观而言,完全避免整个空中交通系统不出现任何问题是难以实现的。但我们可以通过现有的经验和合理的规章制度来完善优化系统,缓解空中冲突,有效预防飞行不安全事件和事故的发生。本文就空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的内容进行了介绍,并提出了如何加强空中交通管制员防冲突应变能力的对策。     

基于多目标融合及改进遗传算法的终端区进场协同排序

未来中国终端区将逐年递增,根据数据显示终端区内空域资源与飞行流量的增长不成正比,终端区内流量趋于饱和。为了有效提升终端区运行的效率,确保航空器在其空域的安全飞行,降低管制员的负荷以及公司的运行成本,从航空器延误、管制员负荷以及各机场资源平衡3个方向建立多机场终端区航空器进场协同排序模型。首先,通过对终端区范围界定,运行主要问题的研究以及空域结构的分析,了解终端区系统的相互关联因素;其次,通过对终端区进场航空器的线路、交叉点的单独分析,找到相应的共同点和影响较高的运行系统相关性因素、相关的约束以及主要的解决目标;最后,利用结合模拟退火算法(simulated annealing algorithm, SAA)的非支配排序遗传算法Ⅱ(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithmⅡ,NSGA-Ⅱ)算法对该模型进行求解。结果表明：基于改进遗传算法对该模型求解后对比先到先服务模式以及未改进的遗传算法在效率上分别提高26.3%和53.2%。由此可见,所提出的模型能有效地提高航空器排序的效率。     

基于多标度层次分析法的无人机避让策略构建

针对未来同一片空域内由于多种航空器共同执行任务而可能出现的飞行安全问题,通过研究各种可能出现碰撞的情景,构建了大型无人机在混合空域中最优避让方案评价指标体系,通过分析不同标度法的优缺点,提出一种多标度层次分析法的混合空域策略。首先,以大型无人机为研究对象建立混合空域模型,将混合空域中出现与本机发生冲突可能性的各种飞鸟或航空器进行分类,并考虑碰撞风险等级及目标执行任务等级因素。其次,采用多标度层次分析法求得不同情况下各类避让目标的权值,经过一致性判定;进一步引入隶属度函数,通过分析已获得的权值,对最终结果进行进一步的权重修正。最后,对大型无人机在空域中飞行可能遇到的空域环境进行分析,以验证无人机避让决策方案是否行之有效。结果表明,确定的基于多标度层次分析法可以满足无人机在面对复杂空域环境时避让策略方案的确立,并且具有动态效果,满足无人机实时构建和调整避让策略需要。研究结果可为实现大型无人机在混合空域中的安全飞行提供新的思路。     

航空器动态改航的自动化处理技术比较

随着空中交通流量的不断增长,航空器面临的改航飞行也就日益增加,这就使空中交通管制员面临的飞行态势变得日益复杂。面向4D轨迹的航空器动态改航技术可以实时地为管制员提供优化的改航方案,可以作为管制指挥的参考依据,从而减轻管制工作负荷,提高管制效率和空域流量,具有广阔的应用前景。本文主要选取了一些具有代表性的航空器动态改航算法,对比分析了它们的优缺点和适用范围,从而为使用这些算法提供一定的参考。     

基于PHMM的终端区航空器综合态势识别

航空器在终端区飞行时,由于受到诸多因素的影响,导致其不能严格按照计划航线飞行。通过分析历史航迹数据,提出了一种基于并行隐马可夫模型的终端区航空器综合态势识别方法。首先提取航迹数据的各类特征点,然后根据其x坐标、Y坐标以及Z坐标建立3个隐马尔可夫模型。通过训练3个模型的参数,对航空器在终端区内的高度态势、速度态势以及方向态势进行识别。最后采用综合分析方法对航空器的综合态势进行识别。实验表明,该方法能够快速、准确、有效地识别出终端区航空器的综合飞行态势,为管制员发布管制指令提供依据。     

基于复杂网络理论的中国城市航空网络有向加权分析

为了科学优化中国航空网络资源分配、测评特殊机场的重要地位,本文运用复杂网络理论,构建中国城市航空有向加权网络,探究其网络结构特征并以度中心性、介数中心性、入强度为指标进行节点重要性排序筛选国内重要机场节点。结果表明,中国城市航空网络的节点度值和边权值分布都具有异质性,是一个无标度网络;不同方法筛选出的重要机场节点基本一致,筛选结果为网络整体管控提供有效意见;ZWWW、ZYHB机场在介数中心性相对其他指标较高,在网络中具有重要的中转作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that