大量不凝性气体存在时不同润湿性传热管冷凝传热特性实验研究

为了提高大量不凝性气体存在时水蒸气的冷凝传热性能,实现对电力、化工、制冷等工业领域中余热的高效回收利用,基于水平管外冷凝传热实验系统,实验研究了氮气-水蒸气混合气体在不同润湿性光滑管和翅片管表面的润湿特性和冷凝传热特性。通过化学刻蚀与自组装方法对紫铜光滑管与翅片管表面进行疏水与超疏水改性处理,并且根据仿生原理,制备了亲水+疏水组合翅片管表面与亲水+超疏水组合翅片管表面。研究发现,当大量不凝性气体存在时,亲水+超疏水组合翅片管的冷凝传热特性最优,水蒸气体积分数对不同润湿性传热管的冷凝传热特性影响显著,并且随着水蒸气体积分数增大,超疏水翅片管和亲水+超疏水组合翅片表面的冷凝形式由珠状冷凝逐渐向膜状冷凝过渡。     

真空紫外光响应超疏水和超亲水快速可逆转变的ZnO薄膜

利用简单的低温液相技术,通过氢氟酸(HF)调控反应溶液的pH值,制备了真空紫外光响应的疏水-超亲水快速可逆转变的ZnO薄膜.该薄膜具有类似于芋头叶表面的特征,表面分布着具有纳米级亚结构的ZnO微米球,因而具有超疏水特征(水接触角为151°).在真空紫外光(VUV)照射30min后,薄膜表面显示了超亲水特征(水接触角小于5°);将VUV光照后的薄膜放置在暗室中6d后,薄膜表面又恢复到超疏水特征.VUV的使用及薄膜表面具有的独特微纳米阶层结构,加快了超疏水-超亲水之间的转变.这种快速转变特性,可促进ZnO薄膜在微流体器件上的应用.     

纳米TiO2涂膜水敏感性对涂料耐沾污性能的影响

利用TiO2的光催化活性来改善涂料涂层的耐沾污性能是近年来的研究热点。采用水热法制备亲水型纳米TiO2和疏水型纳米TiO2,并采用XRD和TEM对所制备材料进行表征,结果表明：二者均为锐钛型TiO2,其中亲水型TiO2的粒径约为40 nm,疏水型TiO2的粒径约为7 nm。将所制备的TiO2喷涂在涂料表面,分别制得超亲水型和超疏水型纳米涂层,利用接触角测定仪测定纳米涂层的亲水角度,探讨水接触角对涂料耐沾污性能的影响。结果表明：超亲水涂层和超疏水涂层均能够较明显地改善涂料的耐沾污性能,而超疏水涂层的耐沾污性能优于超亲水涂层。     

页岩储层中混合润湿孔隙的气-水自吸研究

探讨混合润湿页岩的气-水自吸特征,为压裂液中是否需要加入润湿改性剂提供理论依据.通过建立混合润湿平板模型,对引起流体自吸的作用力进行了分析,推导了混合润湿平板模型的自吸Lucas-Washburn方程,并运用两相流水平集方法进行了数值模拟,验证了混合润湿平板模型的Lucas-Washburn方程判断自吸方向的正确性.研究结果表明,对于混合润湿平板模型,气-水的自吸方向只由亲水壁和疏水壁的接触角之和决定.当亲水与疏水壁的接触角之和小于π时,孔隙会自发吸水排气;当亲水壁与疏水壁的接触角之和大于π时,孔隙会自发吸气排水;当接触角之和等于π时,气、水均无法自吸.     

植物叶表的润湿性能与其表面微观形貌的关系

对疏水植物———稗草、狗尾草、虎尾草以及亲水植物———苘麻和菊芋叶表的扫描电镜(SEM)对比分析发现:植物表面微观形貌的特征对亲水与疏水性能具有重要作用.疏水性植物叶表普遍具有微观颗粒状突起单元,单元直径约为5μm;亲水性植物叶表形貌典型特征是具有分布密度均匀的200~400μm长的针状毛刺,依其刺破水膜导致水滴在叶表迅速铺展而形成亲水效果.     

细粒浮选体系中扩展的DLVO理论及应用

讨论了细粒浮选体系中，颗粒间相互作用的水化力、疏水力、磁引力及空间斥力的基本概念及计算关系式。证明了经典的ＤＬＶＯ理论不能解释浮选体系中，细粒的凝聚与分散行为。应用扩展的ＤＬＶＯ理论，很好地说明了亲水体系及疏水体系中，颗粒间的凝聚与分散行为。亲水矿物表面间水化排斥能是亲水矿粒稳定分散的主要原因，疏水矿物表面间疏水吸引对疏水矿粒间的凝聚起主导作用。     

LEA蛋白质11-氨基酸基序与植物抗旱性

分析了8种重要农作物第三组LEA蛋白质序列中的94个11-氨基酸基序.得出一致性序列为TAEAAKQKAGE.LEA 3蛋白质中11-氨基酸基序呈多拷贝串联排列,其长度占蛋白质序列总长度的40%～60%.带电荷/ 极性氨基酸和疏水氨基酸数目分别占重复序列氨基酸总数的70.89%和29.11%.11-氨基酸基序的二级结构多呈α-螺旋结构.其中第1,2,4,5,9位疏水氨基酸形成螺旋蛋白质分子的疏水界面,其余位置的氨基酸形成螺旋分子的亲水界面.LEA 3蛋白质全序列平均亲水指数为-0.95～-1.22.无信号肽序列.8种LEA 3蛋白分子的上述特性与植物的抗旱性有关.     

砷黄铁矿自诱导浮选的研究

给出了砷黄铁矿自诱导浮选的矿浆电位-pH关系。酸性介质中可浮电位区较宽,碱性介质中较窄。热力学计算表明了可浮区的意义和导致砷黄铁矿表面疏水的机理。表面溶剂提取-化学分析技术建立了砷黄铁矿表面的疏水/亲水平衡关系。结果表明,中性硫是主要疏水体。     

超疏水材料表面的空气膜与自清洁作用对细菌黏附行为的影响

超疏水材料因其特殊的润湿性被广泛用作抑菌材料，许多研究认为超疏水材料与细菌溶液间的空气膜是其抑菌的关键因素，但鲜有研究能直接证明空气对细菌黏附的影响.本文应用电化学阳极氧化法和分子自组装方法，在钛箔表面制备了超亲水的二氧化钛纳米孔柱阵列(NPA)和超疏水的NPA.通过超声去除超疏水NPA固-液界面的空气膜，对比研究细菌在超疏水样品有无超声情况下的黏附，其中细菌黏附应用荧光显微镜进行表征.结果表明，超疏水NPA相对于超亲水NPA表现出明显的抗菌效果；肉眼可见的空气膜在局部区域内，可明显阻碍细菌的黏附，从而影响细菌在超疏水材料表面的分布；但从黏附细菌的整体数量对比，超疏水NPA固-液界面的空气膜对细菌的黏附数量并没有显著影响.此外，超疏水材料表面黏附的细菌易在常规的实验漂洗过程中脱离材料，这提示了在考察超疏水材料的抑菌性能时，需要考虑材料的自清洁作用对其抑菌性能表征的干扰.     

等离子体处理改善睛纶纤维的吸湿性及其时效性

采用氮气辉光放电等离子体技术处理腈纶纤维,以改善腈纶纤维表面的吸湿性能.等离子体表面改性具有时效性问题,随着放置时间的延长.改性后的良好性能会逐渐退化.处理效果衰退快慢在很大程度上取决于纤维表面的结晶程度及所放置的环境.结晶度高的样品改性后得到的亲水性能丧失较慢;放置在亲水环境中的样品没有丧失其得到的亲水特性,而放置在疏水环境中的样品却渐渐回复了其原有的疏水特性;放置在液氮中的样品得到的亲水特性没有丧失,放置在室温及90℃高温下的样品会部分丧失其得到的亲水特性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that