Root and xylem ABA changes in response to soil drying in two woody plants

Two woody plants, Platycladus orientalise (tolerant to drought) and Acacia auriculi-formis (sensitive to drought), have been subjected to rapid and slow soil drying. ABA levels in their roots and xylem sap have been determined using radioimmunoassay (RIA, sensitivity is 0.4 pmol per assay vial) with a monoclonal antibody against ( + )-ABA. ABA contents of P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis growing in well watered soil are 0.3 and 2.5 nmol·gDW-1 in roots and 1.6 and 0.4 μmol in xylem saps, respectively. A rapid soil drying has been applied to these two plants with soil water content (SWC) being reduced to 0.02 and 0.06 g·gDW-1 respectively. Under such treatment, ABA was increased by 22 times and 2 times in roots and by 7 times and 34 times in xylem saps respectively for P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis. After rewatering for 6 d, ABA in roots and xylem sap of both species returned to control levels. When a slow soil drying was applied, SWC was reduced to 0.1 and 0.13 g·gDW-1 respectively for P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis. ABA was increased by 5 times and 1.6 times in roots and by 6 times and 19 times in xylem saps respectively for these two plants. ABA in roots and xylem saps decreased to near control levels 8 d after watering. Plant leaf water potentials of both plants hardly changed at times when root and xylem ABA showed substantial increase in response to soil drying. It is concluded that ABA levels in the roots and xylem saps of P. orientalise and A. auriculiformis are more sensitively regulated than leaf water potential in response to soil drying and can act as a chemical signal in root-shoot communications of the drought stress.     

基于转座子策略提高链霉菌中landomycin E产量的研究

【目的】对影响放线菌链霉菌Streptomyces globisporus产landomycin E(laE)的代谢网络进行研究,以提高次生代谢物的产量。【方法】通过构建含强启动子和抗性标记的转座子Tn7为基础的转座子,整合至S.globisporus的染色体产生突变库,筛选高产量的突变株并对其代谢网络进行研究分析。【结果】利用构建好的Tn7-转座子连续转化链霉菌S.globisporus,经过数轮的突变和筛选,得到6株产量有较大改变的突变株,对整合位点的亚克隆和测序结果表明,该位点整合导致编码类似细菌的某些调节因子如TetR和GntR家族的蛋白的基因失活。【结论】所构建的经过修饰的微型Tn7-转座子不仅带有抗性标记且有启动子,可插入链霉菌染色体产生突变,进而提高次生代谢物laE的产量,同时也证明,转座子基载体可应用于非模式菌链霉菌。     

红色赤潮藻对球形棕囊藻的化感作用研究

红色赤潮藻(Akashiwo sanguinea)和球形棕囊藻(Phaeocystis globosa)都是近年来在我国近岸海域频繁引发赤潮的藻类。为了探索红色赤潮藻和球形棕囊藻之间是否存在化感作用及作用方式,本研究采用不同起始密度培养红色赤潮藻与球形棕囊藻,并将前者的完整细胞培养液、无细胞滤液、藻液超声破碎液分别与球形棕囊藻进行混合培养,分析红色赤潮藻对球形棕囊藻细胞生长的影响。结果显示,在红色赤潮藻细胞起始密度保持5×10⁵ cells/L的混合培养条件下,起始密度分别为5×10⁵、1×10⁶、2×10⁶、1×10⁷ cells/L的球形棕囊藻生长均受到明显的抑制;无论是含有红色赤潮藻完整细胞的培养液,还是其无细胞滤液或藻液超声破碎液,均对球形棕囊藻的生长具有显著抑制作用(P<0.01),抑制强度由强至弱依次为完整细胞培养液、无细胞滤液和藻液超声破碎液;相反,球形棕囊藻的存在对红色赤潮藻细胞的生长无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,红色赤潮藻具有抑制球形棕囊藻生长...     

New technique to controlin situ oxygen fugacity in water-free high-pressure system

Through inserting a solid oxygen-specific electrolyte (YSZ) inside and exerting an electrical power of direct current outside between the sample and oxygen reservoir (an solid oxygen buffer), oxygen was driven by the power from the cathodic electrode area into the positive electrode area at high temperature and high pressure. In this way, the oxygen fugacity in the sample wasin situ controlled independently of temperature and pressure. By using Cu-O system as an example, this technique was proved to be successful.     

Overexpression of rice OsLOL2 gene confers disease resistance in tobacco to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci

LSD1-related proteins of Arabidopsis with LSDl-like zinc finger domains regulate disease resistance and programmed cell death （PCD）. We cloned a rice OsLOL2 gene, orthologous to LSD1 of Arabidopsis and expressed it in a tobacco plant. Transgenic tobacco lines displayed enhanced disease resistance to a virulent bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci （Pst）. RT-PCR analysis showed that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco lines resulted in upregulation of two pathogenesis-related （PR） protein genes, PR2 and PR5. Our results suggest that overexpression of OsLOL2 in transgenic tobacco enhances the resistance through the induction of PR proteins and hypersensitive response-like reaction.     

Morphological evolution from aquatic to terrestrial in the genus Oreolalax （Amphibia, Anura, Megophryidae）

A phylogeny of 17 species in the genus Oreolalax is reconstructed based on 21 morphological characters from adult specimens, skeleton specimens, tadpoles and eggs. Four species groups are recognized, of which the O. rugosus species group is the most primitive, the O. weigoldi species group is the second, the O. omeimontis species group is the third and the O. pingii species group is the most recently diversified. Based on the evolutional tendency of the morphological characters on the phylogenetic tree, it is proposed that the evolution of tympanum, tympanic annulus, columella, spoon-like cartilage and the web between toes reflect the habit changes from aquatic to terrestrial. Thus, Oreolalax is regarded as one important representative genus to study further the evolution of morphological characters from aquatic to terrestrial.     

林业院校提升物理化学教学质量的实践

物理化学是林业院校应用化学、林产化工、化学生物学、环境科学、环境工程、食品科学等专业的重要必修基础课.许多林业方面的工作均需要用到物理化学中的基本原理,物理化学课程对培养高层次的林业人才发挥着重要的作用.在教学实践中,大多数林业院校的学生对于物理化学的学习普遍感到困难.针对教学过程中存在的具体问题,根据林业高校教学改革的要求和学生专业的特点,结合10余年来的课程教学经验,从精选教材、优化教学内容、激发学生兴趣、注重与其他学科的联系、精讲基本概念、分层次公式教学、知识模块框架构建,以及科研创新思维模式培养几个方面进行教学实践以提升教学质量.     

Molecular characterization of RAPD and SCAR marker linked to the frog-eye leaf spot resistance gene in soybean

Two fragments SCS3₆₂₀ and SCS3₅₈₀ of the co-dominant marker OPS03_{620 & 580} that were linked to the resistance gene of soybean frog-eye leaf spot have been completely sequenced. A significant insertion of 30 bp is the main reason of the polymorphism between the two fragments. The results of Southern hybridization indicate that SCS3₆₂₀ derives from a single-or low-copy sequence and can be used as an RFLP probe. A co-dominant SCAR marker SCS3_{620 & 580} has been developed based on the sequences. The segregation of SCS3_{620 & 580} is similar to that of RAPD marker OPS03_{620 & 580}-Significant polymorphism has been shown between resistant and susceptible genotypes when 62 soybean genotypes were surveyed for the SCAR marker. Therefore, the marker can be used in the resistance breeding of soybean frog-eye leaf spot by marker-assisted selection.     

斑蝥及其药理研究概述

简要介绍斑蝥的种类、分布、生物学特性,报道近年来我国在斑蝥素的药理作用、提取测定方法以及斑蝥养殖技术等方面的研究概况。     

An explanation to the high efficiency ofm-THPC (temporfin) used in photodynamic therapy

Meso-tetrahydroxylphenyl chlorin (m-THPC) is one of the most efficient prospective sensitizers used in photodynamic therapy (PDT). ESR spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching experiments and cyclic voltammogram measurement were used to study its redox properties. The results showed that the ability of m-THPC generating superoxide radical anions was very strong, and the rate constant of m-THPC fluorescence quenching by oxygen k_q (O₂)=1.46×10¹⁰ mol^-1·s^-1. The values of fluorescence quen- ching rate constant of m-THPC by some other electron acceptors, such as methyl viologen (MV²⁺) and anthraquinone (An), were also measured. And they were k_q (MV²⁺)=5.51×10⁹ mol^-1·s^-1, k_q (An)=7.81×10⁹ mol^-1·s^-1. The oxidation potential of m-THPC was examined to be +0.62 V (vs. NHE) in acetonitrile. All these suggested that m-THPC should be a much stronger electron donor than photofrin, the currently used in clinical photodrug, and may react easily through electron transfer with biological matter to yield various radicals. So it seemed reasonable that the type Ⅰ reaction may play an important role in the high activity of m-THPC-PDT.     

弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属富集特征及其对镉胁迫的生理响应

底播经济贝类对重金属的高富集能力与食品安全问题密切相关，本研究对北部湾重要经济贝类弓獭蛤(Lutraria arcuata)的重金属污染指数、富集系数以及弓獭蛤对镉的生理响应进行探讨，为弓獭蛤的安全食用和底播经济贝类的安全养殖提供理论基础。研究测定北海市3处海域12个站位的海水和弓獭蛤中7种常见重金属Hg、As、Zn、Cd、Pb、Cu、Cr的含量，计算富集系数；对弓獭蛤进行不同浓度的Cd胁迫，检测弓獭蛤体内对Cd富集的组织-时间-剂量效应，同时检测其体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和丙二醛(MDA)等生理生化指标随胁迫时间的变化情况。结果显示，弓獭蛤对Cd的富集系数在7种重金属中最高，个别站位的弓獭蛤Cd污染指数达到轻度污染水平。弓獭蛤不同组织中的Cd含量均和胁迫浓度、时间呈正相关关系，内脏团对Cd的富集能力最强。SOD、GPx、CAT酶活力及MDA的含量整体上呈现前期上升后期下降的趋势，但4种指标受应激影响的变化并不强烈，各浓度实验组和对照组之间的差异不显著。弓獭蛤对环境中的重金属Cd吸收能力极强，若海水中的Cd浓度增加，则易造成食品安全问题，应引起警醒。     

全氟辛烷磺酸对大型蚤的慢性毒性研究

采用大型蚤21天暴露和子代21天恢复实验法,研究了PFOS对大型蚤的慢性毒性效应及其子代F1(1st)和F1(3rd)的恢复情况。结果显示:PFOS质量浓度高于20mg/L时,F0代总产卵量、终点体长和内禀增长率都受到显著抑制。3个指标在最高浓度组与空白组相比,依次降低了62.2%,40.6%,34.0%(p<0.01)。随PFOS暴露浓度增加,其对大型蚤毒性逐渐加重,PFOS暴露浓度与对大型蚤毒性之间具有明显的剂量-效应关系。当PFOS质量浓度高于30mg/L时,F1(lst)代总产卵量和终点体长受到显著抑制。F1(3rd)代比F1(1st)代大型蚤恢复程度更好,除暴露于50mg/L的总产卵量、终点体长和内禀增长率仍受显著抑制,其他指标都恢复到接近空白组水平。大型蚤总产卵量、终点体长和内禀增长率作为最敏感的指标,建议将其用于评价PFOS的慢性毒性。     

广西团水虱的种类组成及其对红树林的生态效应初探

为探究广西红树林区团水虱(Sphaeroma)的种类组成和分布特征,在广西北海、钦州、防城港3市的红树林区共设置30个调查断面并进行实地踏查,用随机取样的方式采集团水虱样品。调查结果表明:在广西红树林区共发现3种团水虱,分别为有孔团水虱(Sphaeroma terebrans Bate,1866)、光背团水虱(Sphaeroma retrolaeve Richardson,1904)和福建团水虱(Sphaeroma fujianensis sp. nov.)。30个调查断面中,有团水虱分布的断面有25个,其中有孔团水虱是广西红树林区域中的主要种类,分布最广,其次为光背团水虱,而福建团水虱仅发现于北海的3个断面。团水虱大多数分布于中低潮区的潮沟边缘或潮沟内以及林缘等地势较低的区域,在高潮区域分布较少。团水虱的蛀洞底质有桐花树(Aegiceras corniculatum)、白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、无瓣海桑(Sonneratia apetala)、木桩、软质沉积岩和聚苯乙烯泡沫等,表明其蛀洞底质多种多样。根据这些分布特征,本文讨论和分析了团水虱与红树林生态系统退化的关系,提出红树林是健康退化后才遭致团水虱侵害的假设。团水虱是否是侵蚀红树植物并导致大片红树林退化死亡的主因还有待进一步研究。     

二三混水平因子设计离散偏差新的下界

离散偏差经常用来衡量部分因子设计的均匀性,偏差的准确下界可以检验给定设计的均匀程度.基于现有的离散偏差的公式,讨论了二、三混水平设计离散偏差的下界问题,并利用泰勒展开的方法给出一个新的下界.与已有的下界相比,所给出的下界在某些设计中更精确.     

核桃JrEFM1转录因子响应逆境及激素的表达模式

MYB转录因子在调控植物生长发育和逆境响应方面发挥着重要的作用.通过克隆获得了核桃的1条R1-MYB类转录因子EFM基因(命名为JrEFM1),利用生物信息学和实时荧光定量RT-PCR(RT-qPCR)技术,分析在不同非生物及植物激素处理下JrEFM1的表达规律,探究了JrEFM1的基本生物学功能.结果显示,JrEFM1的编码区长为1 320 bp,编码蛋白含439个氨基酸,分子量为48.322 KDa,理论等电点为9.26.与葡萄、番薯等具有较近的进化关系.其启动子包含干旱胁迫(MBS)、热激响应(HSE)、水杨酸(SA)、玉米素(O2-site)和赤霉素响应(GARE-motif)等相关元件.对JrEFM1在干旱,冷害,热激,ABA,JA,SA处理下的表达情况进行分析,发现JrEFM1可被这些处理不同程度地诱导,同时根和叶表现出不同的转录水平.表明JrEFM1可响应逆境胁迫,并与激素信号通路相关;JrEFM1可作为核桃逆境响应机制研究及抗逆育种的优良候选基因.     

Cloning, sequencing and function ofsanB, a gene related to nikkomycin biosynthesis ofStreptomyces ansochromogenes

A 6.0 kb DNA fragment related to nikkomycin biosynthesis was cloned from nikkomycin-producingStreptomyces ansochromogenes 7100. Sequence analysis showed that the 1.9 kbTth111 I fragment, a part of the 6.0 kb DNA fragment, contains one complete ORF designatedsanB (GenBank accession No. AF224501), which is composed of 1740 bp encoding a protein consisting of 580 amino acid residues. Its start codon is GTG at 100 bp position and stop codon is TGA at 1840-bp position. Database searching indicated that the deduced protein ofsanB is homologous to the histidinol-phosphate aminotransferase inStreptomyces coelicolor with 31% identities and 47% positives. Gene disruption was performed to study the function ofsanB. It was found that disruptants ofsanB lost the ability to synthesize nikkomycin, which reveals thatsanB is a novel gene essential for nikkomycin biosynthesis.