成煤作用与煤岩生气特点分析

煤层气研究的基础之一是对煤的质量的研究,即生气物质质料的研究,包括煤的岩石学特征、煤质特征、煤的地球化学特征。就煤田地质研究而言,煤岩学和煤质学研究是传统研究范畴,在国内外是非常成熟的,但与煤的生、产气结合起来进行煤层气聚集规律研究则形成了新的研究领域,其中煤作用研究出现了新的理论和成因学说。在不同的成煤环境下形成的煤,其岩石学特点不同,煤的微观组织也不同。不同的煤岩组分其生、产气的能力是不同的,在盆地演化的不同时期具有不同的生、产气高峰。结合煤的成煤作用研究与沁水盆地富煤单元的形成与分布分析,提出成煤作用是奠定煤层气原始质料的前提、成煤环境演化是煤层气形成的控制因素、富没煤带和富煤单元与煤层气聚集单元具有成因联系等结论。     

鄂尔多斯盆地神府地区含煤层气系统特征

为指导神府地区上古生界煤系天然气共探合采,综合应用岩心、测井及生产动态等资料,对煤层气及煤系砂岩气成藏地质条件展开系统研究,划分含煤层气系统并分析其成藏模式。结果表明:神府地区稳定的构造背景和优越的沉积环境为煤系天然气成藏奠定了良好的源-储-盖条件。受区域性低渗透泥质岩层阻隔,区内上古生界煤系地层可划分为8+9~#煤-本1段、太2段砂岩下含煤层气系统和4+5~#煤-太1段、山2段砂岩上含煤层气系统2套叠置含煤层气系统,西部深陷带中南部是含煤层气系统内煤层气与煤系砂岩气的合采有利区。     

国内科技期刊亮点

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气多储层有利勘探开发 鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气资源量大．构造相对简单,是沁水盆地之外最有利的富气带,亦是目前煤层气勘探的热点地区。然而,区内的煤层气勘探试验并未获得较大突破。中国地质大学（北京）能源学院张松航等通过系统采样测试对鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤储层的孔渗性能进行了探讨,相关研究发表在2009年《煤炭学报》第34卷第10期上,题为“鄂尔多斯盆地东缘煤层气储集与产出条件”。     

沁水盆地煤系天然气系统富集成藏的主控因素分析

沁水盆地是我国最大的构造聚煤盆地,也是国内首个实现煤系天然气商业化开采的区块。盆地内石炭-二叠系煤层厚度大、分布稳定、吸附能力强、含气量大,目前产能已超过20×108m3,具有良好的勘探开发潜力。以煤田、煤系天然气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主控因素,分析认为构造演化、埋藏史和热演化、沉积体系和水文地质条件是控制沁水盆地煤系天然气富集成藏的主要地质因素。沁水盆地两期生气都是在构造运动的影响下发生,煤系赋存状态为印支、燕山和喜山期构造运动叠加的结果,断裂及陷落柱发育区含气量低;区内煤层埋深呈现北部深南部浅,中部深东西部浅的特点,南部热演化程度高,煤系天然气含量大;沉积体系影响煤层的空间展布;水文地质条件关系着煤系天然气的形成和保存,弱水动力区为煤系天然气的有利区。     

鄂尔多斯盆地油、气、煤成藏机理及分布规律

摘要：本文通过对鄂尔多斯盆地石油、天然气和煤成藏因素和分布规律的系统研究,研究表明,鄂尔多斯盆地石油、天然气和煤炭资源分布呈规律性叠置,不同构造单元叠置的类型和样式具有较大的差异性,为减小勘探风险和降低勘探成本,应进行石油、天然气和煤综合勘探的思路。陕北斜坡是石油、天然气、煤和非常规煤层气综合勘探的地区,并可一井多探;天环坳陷、西缘掩冲带位于盆地的西部,目前在该区域已发现油田、气田和煤田,各种类型能源矿产成藏条件优越,是石油－天然气－煤综合勘探地区;伊盟隆起、晋西挠褶带、渭北隆起位于盆地的北、东、南的边缘部位,侏罗纪煤系广泛发育,是煤和煤层气的勘探区。     

渤海湾盆地天然气聚集带特征及形成条件

根据渤海湾富油盆地天然气的分布特征,探讨了该盆地主要天然气聚集带的地质特征及形成条件。该盆地较大规模的天然气聚集带均与石炭 二迭系煤成气有关;油型气聚集带主要是石油沿断裂向上运移过程中溶解气析离形成的浅层次生气。天然气聚集带的分布受二级构造带背景控制,主要天然气聚集带可归为隆起带型、凸起型、斜坡带型、断阶带型等。继承性发育的构造背景、有利的气源条件、良好的封盖保存等是控制天然气聚集带形成的主要地质因素     

渤海湾盆地天然气聚集带特征及形成条件

根据渤海湾富油盆地天然气的分布特征,探讨了该盆地主要天然气聚集带的地质特征及形成条件。该盆地较大规模的天然气聚集带均与石炭－二迭系煤成气有关;油型气聚集带主要是石油沿断裂向上运移过程中溶解气析离形成的浅层次生气。天然气聚集带的分布受二级构造带背景控制,主要天然气聚集带可归为隆起带型,凸起型,斜坡带型,断阶带型等。继承性发育的构造背景、有利的气源条件、良好的封盖保存等是控制天然气聚集带形成的主要地质     

煤层气聚集理论研究进展综述

煤层气是一种非常规天然气,其"自生自储"的特点与常规天然气的生、储、盖、运、聚、保等基本成藏地质条件不同,煤层气成藏富集的基本条件主要包括生成条件、储集条件和保存条件。通过对国内外大量文献的调研,分析了煤层厚度、煤变质程度、煤岩组分、煤岩孔隙-裂隙结构、封盖条件、水文地质条件、构造条件等7个因素对煤层气富集成藏的控制作用。对煤层气聚集成藏领域的新进展进行了综述,并指出了其未来的发展方向。     

阜新盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征及成藏机制

通过对阜新盆地低煤阶煤层气地质特征及成藏机制的研究,为煤层气开采提供依据.分析了阜新盆地构造演化及盆地形成过程,经历了初始裂陷期(义县期)、快速裂陷期(阜新组沉积期)和收缩期(孙家湾期),形成了北北东向的断陷盆地,具有东西分带,南北分块的构造格局特征,提出了煤储存厚度、岩浆体侵入和地质构造是煤层气藏的主要影响因素.通过对王营-刘家区煤层气藏地质特征及成藏机制的研究,揭示了影响王营-刘家区煤层气藏的主控因素,确定煤层气藏为水动力—岩墙封堵式混合成因裂隙型煤层气富集模式,对本区煤层气勘探开发具有重要意义.     

哥伦比亚亚诺斯盆地成藏组合与勘探潜力

为明确亚诺斯盆地的勘探潜力,需对盆地进行成藏组合分析。首先对盆地进行地质评价,然后进行成藏组合
评价,最后对每个二级成藏组合的油气地质特征和资源潜力进行研究,指出下一步的勘探方向。亚诺斯盆地成藏条件
优越,根据储层含油气情况,将盆地划分为证实的中部、潜在的上部和下部共3 套一级成藏组合。根据盆地的构造、生
储盖与油气富集特征等6 项原则,进一步将中部成藏组合划分为上白垩统、古新统、始新统和渐新统4 套二级成藏组
合。研究认为,盆地所有成藏组合内待发现可采资源量为3.06×108 t 油当量,以上白垩统成藏组合的资源规模最大。
对于盆地下步勘探,应以上白垩统和始新统成藏组合为主,内斜坡带和前渊带为主要目标区带。首次应用的成藏组合
分析步骤和划分原则等研究方法对其他盆地的成藏组合研究具借鉴作用。     

Influence of overpressure on coalbed methane reservoir in south Qinshui basin

In theory, from the high temperature and pressure during the coal generating gas to the present low temperature and pressure of coalbed methane reservoir, the accumulation of coalbed methane was from oversaturated to undersaturated. The gas content of the coalbed methane reservoir in the south Qinshui basin was 12-35.7 m3/t. According to the isotherm and measured gas content of No. 3 coal, the adsorbed gas content in some wells was highly saturated and oversaturated, which was hard to theoretically understand. In addition, there were no thermogenic and biogenic gases at the late stage in the south Qinshui basin. This article proposed that the overpressure was the main reason for the present high saturation of the coalbed methane reservoir. In early Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was characterized by overpressure and high saturation caused by gas generation from coal measure source rocks. In late Cretaceous, the coalbed methane reservoir was rapidly uplifted, and with the temperature and pressure decreasing, the pressure condition of adsorbed gas changed from overpressure to normal-under pressure, which resulted in the high saturation and gas content in the present coalbed methane reservoir.     

沁水盆地南部煤层气藏特征

以油气、煤田和煤层气勘探阶段积累的资料为基础,系统探讨了沁南煤层气藏的特征。通过对气藏静态特征（包括煤层空间几何形态、煤层气成分和含量、储层物性、吸附特征、储层压力及封闭条件）和动态过程（包括煤层气形成、运移和聚集）的分析,指出晚古生代的煤层在经历了印支期和燕山期两次煤化作用生成的煤层气,在喜马拉雅期遭受了严重的调整与改造后逐渐形成现今的沁南煤层气藏。直接控制该煤层气藏中煤层气富集程度的因素为顶底板与边界断层。目前的高产煤层气井基本上都位于地下水滞流区。     

Division of coalbed methane-enriched units in the Qinshui Basin

Division of CBM (coalbed methane)-enriched units is an important precondition and basic work for formulation of scientific CBM exploration procedure and improvement of CBM exploration success rate. In consideration of the CBM particularity and complexity as well as its distribution in China, the CBM-enriched units are divided into 5 levels, i.e. CBM-bearing region, CBM-bearing basin, CBM-enriched area, CBM-enriched zone, and CBM reservoir (field). The Qinshui Basin is one of the China's richest CBM basins with higher exploration degree. However, division and study of CBM-enriched units are relatively weak for the basin. Based on geological conditions of CBM reservoirs formation and current distribution of CBM reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, this paper divides the basin into 5 CBM-enriched areas, that is, the South Qinshui, Eastern Slope, Western Slope, Xishan, and Gaoping-Jincheng CBM-enriched areas. Of those 5 areas, the South Qinshui is most favorable for CBM exploration.     

The key stage and moment of coalbed gas reservior evolution in the Qinshui Basin,China

The evolution of coalbed gas reservoir is characterized by coalbed gas geochemistry and gas content. On the basis of burial history and thermal history, the forming process of coalbed gas reservoir and the gas accumulative history in the Qinshui Basin are discussed in this paper. The difference of the thermal history, geochemistry characteristic, and gas accumulative history between Yangcheng and Huozhou areas shows that the formation of coalbed gas reservoir in the Qinshui Basin is controlled by the geological process in the critical stage and the critical moment. The components and isotopes of coalbed methane are determined by the stage at which the coal maturation reaches its maximum rank. The coalbed methane accumulative history is related to the temperature and pressure of the coal burial history, because the coalbed gas is mainly in adsorptive state. It is stated that the gas content in the coal seam is controlled by the moment when the coal seam is uplifted to the shallowest position.     

Analysis of pore system model and physical property of coal reservoir in the Qinshui Basin

The Qinshui Basin in China is a major area for exploration and development of high rank coalbed methane. Due to the high rank coal and complicated pore system, no substantial breakthrough in the exploration and development of coalbed methane has been made until now. Many systematic tests show that a pore system of coal reservoir has some features as follows: the porosity is relatively low; the pore system is dominated by micropores and transition pores; mesopores take the second place, and macropores are nearly absent, which is exceedingly adverse for production of coal-bed methane. However, testing data also revealed the differential development for the pore of high rank coal reservoirs in the Qinshui Basin, which necessarily led to the different physical properties of desorption, diffusion and permeability. This paper classifies the testing data using cluster analysis method and selects the typical samples to establish four pore system models, analyzes the differences of reservoir physical property, and provides a guidance for the exploration and development of coalbed methane in the Qinshui Basin.     

煤层气储层压力测试实验研究

以沁水盆地南部测试井为煤层气储层压力实验对象,利用自主研发的煤层气储层压力测试实验装备,对煤层的储层压力进行实验测定.利用实验测试压力数据对煤层气的储层压力参数进行分析和研究;从而得出沁水盆地南部煤层气储层压力的实验数值.通过煤层气储层压力实验数据结果对煤层气勘探、测试和后期排采过程都具有非常重要的指导意义.     

Influence of liquid water on coalbed methane adsorption:An experimental research on coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin

Using Isothermal Adsorption/Desorption System Model IS-100 and Electrohydraulic Servo Rock System Model MTS815 as the main apparatuses and collecting samples from the major coal reservoirs in the south of Qinshui Basin, a hot point region of coalbed methane exploration, the paper carries out systematical comparisons of the isothermal adsorption experimental data for injection water coal samples, equilibrium moisture samples and dry coal samples, probes and establishes an experimental method of injection water coal sample preparation and isothermal experiment to simulate real reservoir conditions, and then summaries the experimental regulations and discusses the mechanism of liquid water influencing coal methane adsorption. Results of the experiment indicate that: The Langmuir volume of injection water coal samples is notably larger than that of equilibrium moisture samples, as well as larger than or equivalent to that of dry coal samples; the Langmuir pressure of injection water coal samples is the highest, the next is equilibrium moisture samples, while the dry samples is the lowest, of which the experimental results of injection water samples to simulate real reservoir conditions are more close to the fact. Under the conditions of in-position reservoirs, liquid water in coals has evident influence on methane adsorption ability of coal matrix, which can increase the adsorbability of coal and make the adsorption regulation fit to Langmuir model better. Its major reason is the increase of wetting coal matrix adsorbability. The above experimental results overthrow the conventional cognition that liquid water has no influence on coalbed methane adsorption, which may lead to an improvement of the coalbed methane isothermal adsorption experimental method and of the reliability of coalbed methane resource evaluation and prediction.     

不同变质变形煤特征对煤层气富集渗流的制约

煤岩是煤层气的主要储集层,其变质变形作用对煤层气的赋存、运移和开发都具有重要意义。本文以华北地区典型含煤区为研究区,基于现场资料分析、煤岩显微观测,孔渗测试及压汞实验分析,探讨了不同变质变形煤储层孔渗特征,并从裂隙、孔隙不同尺度探讨了不同变质变形煤储层特征及其孔、裂隙结构特征对煤层气富集渗流所起的作用。结果表明,首先,煤层气产出过程与煤储层变质变形特征密切相关;实验室测定的渗透率与试井渗透率具有可比性,一般碎斑煤大于碎裂煤;高变质弱变形煤储层和中变质弱变形煤储层煤层气的富气能力与渗流能力比较强,是煤层气富集高渗的有利储层。