表面活性剂和促进剂对重组里氏木霉生物合成t-PA的影响

重组里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)是染色体上整合有组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)cDNA的基因工程菌株.对高产t-PA的重组里氏木霉菌株进行了筛选,并研究了乙酸钠和抗坏血酸(Vc)等促进剂及曲拉通(Triton100)、吐温80(Tween80)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)和蔗糖酯等表面活性剂对菌株生物合成t-PA的影响.结果表明:乙酸钠能促进t-PA的生物合成,在发酵培养基中,其浓度为0.1%时,酶活可提高36.42%;吐温80对t-PA的合成有促进作用,其浓度为0.1%时,酶活可提高82.04%;抗坏血酸也可促进t-PA的合成,其浓度为0.05%时,酶活可提高124.82%;曲拉通和十二烷基磺酸钠加入时完全抑制t-PA的合成;蔗糖酯对t-PA的合成有部分抑制作用.     

Reteplase基因的克隆及在甲醇毕赤酵母中的表达

进行了组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t-PA)突变体Reteplase(r-PA)基因的克隆,并在甲醇毕赤酵母(Pichia methanolica)中实现了胞外表达。以基因工程菌株里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)306染色体DNA为模板,通过PCR技术克隆了r-PA基因,将扩增产物克隆到pMD18-T载体上并进行了序列测定。测序结果表明:克隆到的基因序列长1.1 kb,与已发表的Reteplase基因同源性达99.91%,其编码的氨基酸顺序一致。文中还构建了甲醇毕赤酵母分泌性表达载体pMETαA-r-PA,用PacⅠ单酶切将pMETαA-r-PA线性化后,采用电转化的方法将其导入甲醇毕赤酵母PMAD16中,PCR和表型鉴定表明,筛选到Reteplase基因已经整合到甲醇毕赤酵母染色体上的阳性克隆。经摇瓶初步培养及以甲醇为唯一碳源诱导表达,胞外Reteplase表达水平最高达27.93mol/(s.L)。     

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活剂(uPA)系统在子宫内膜癌中的研究进展

尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活系统是纤溶系统的重要组成部分，它通过水解细胞外间质，参与组织改造和细胞迁移，在肿瘤细胞的侵袭和转移中发挥作用；讨论了uPA系统的结构、作用机理及与子宫内膜癌的关系，旨在为子宫内膜癌的诊断和治疗提供新方法。     

重组人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂缺失变体基因的克隆及工程菌的构建与鉴定

利用RT-PCR技术,从人脐带静脉上皮细胞中克隆人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂基因,将其接入TA克隆载体PCR2．1中,经DNA序列测定后,以该重组质粒DNA为模板,用PCR方法获得了人组织型纤溶酶原激活剂缺失变体(K2tPA)基因,将其转入pET29a,构建了重组表达质粒pET29a／K2tPA,并转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中,构成工程菌．经IPTG诱导表达,在40kDa处有一明显表达条带,表达量为约占菌体总蛋白的20％．该菌种在贮存与复苏及传代过程中具有良好的质粒稳定性和表达稳定性．     

新型rPA(K)原核表达载体的构建及初步表达

利用PCR技术,获得了rPA(K)cDNA片段,将其克隆至pET-30a( ),成功构建了新型的rPA(K)原核载体pLrA(K),并实现了其在大肠杆菌中的初步表达,经IPTG(终浓度为1 mmol/L)分别于37℃诱导1,2,3 h后,以Bio-Rad凝胶成像仪分析目的蛋白,相对含量分别是19%,15.8%和24.3%,平均密度分别是0.13,0.14和0.16,IPTG诱导3 h后蛋白表达量最高.ELISA结果显示表达产物与抗t-PA抗体呈现特异性阳性反应,进一步参考标准曲线得出样品中rPA(K)的平均含量为210 μg/L.     

rPA(K)的定点突变及其真核表达载体在COS-7细胞中的瞬时表达

采用定点突变技术,对真核表达载体pCSRK上的目的片段rPA(K)进行突变,获得了含有突变体rPA(KN)(N184→Q)的真核表达载体pCSRKN.酶切和测序结果证明,成功去除了184位的糖基化位点.用LipofectamineTM2000 Reagent将pCSRKN转染至COS-7细胞,取转染后不同培养时间上清,以FAPA法进行检测.结果表明,表达产物具有良好的溶圈活性,从而验证了pCSRKN在真核系统表达的可行性.     

携人源TPA基因的慢病毒表达质粒的构建与鉴定

利用PCR扩增人源TPA基因,再用酶切-连接的方法将目的片段亚克隆入慢病毒表达质粒pL-PGK-eGFP中,最后用测序、酶切和在293细胞中瞬时表达的方法进行了鉴定.结果显示：含人源TPA基因的pL-PGK-TPA-eGFP慢病毒表达载体构建成功,为进一步利用转基因技术更加安全高效地生产TPA,治疗血栓类疾病打下基础.     

碳源及氮源Trichoderma reesei306对组织型纤溶酶原激活剂生物合成的影响

本文对不同种类的碳．氮源对Trichoderma reesei306组组织型纤溶酶原激活剂(t—PA)生物合成的影响进行了研究。结果表明：在所试的各种碳氮源中，碳源以玉米粉和纤维素，氮源以尿素和胰蛋白胨效果最好，通过正交试验确定了液体发酵培养基中碳氮源的最佳组成为：玉米粉20g／l、纤维素30g／l、尿素10g／l、胰蛋白胨2g／l，优化碳氮源后t—PA酶活提高了26％。     

重组酿酒酵母r-PA发酵条件的优化

通过PCR技术对r-PA重组酿酒酵母进行了鉴定,并对该基因工程菌株生物合成r-PA的条件进行了优化。结果表明,其生物合成r-PA的最适发酵条件为:半乳糖诱导浓度为1.5%,诱导培养基起始OD600为0.3、起始pH7.0,250mL三角瓶最适装液量为60mL,诱导时间60h。优化前最高酶活为1926U/L,优化后最高酶活为5932U/L,较之提高了2倍。     

Kunitz抑制剂家族成员抑肽酶对纤溶酶原活化的抑制作用

抑肽酶属Kunitz抑制剂家族成员，能够抑制激肽释放酶、纤溶酶及胰蛋白酶的蛋白水解活性．研究表明，抑肽酶能够抑制尿激酶型-纤溶酶原激活刹（u—PA）和组织型纤溶酶原激活剂（t—PA）对纤溶酶原的激活，但不影响u—PA和t—PA对小分子底物的酰胺水解活性．用u—PA研究了上述作用的机制，发现抑肽酶与u—PA的丝氨酸蛋白酶功能区特异性结合，而与纤溶酶原没有相互作用．抑肽酶与uPA的结合并不阻断u—PA的活性位点，因为u—PA对小分子底物的水解活性仍然保持．上述发现提示抑肽酶可能存在另一种抑制作用模式，该模式不同于以前报道的关于Kunitz抑制剂或纤溶酶原激活酶抑制剂的作用．由于人体内的Kunitz抑制剂与抑肽酶在结构上非常相似，根据研究结果，推测体内纤溶酶原的激活作用并非仅受丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的控制。     

人共刺激分子B7-1/CD80胞外编码区cDNA的克隆及序列分析

用RT－PCR法从人外周血单核细胞克隆了编码共刺激分子B7－1／CD80胞外区的cDNA，并用Snager链终止法进行测序，结果表明，所cDNA片段的序列与GenBank中已报道的人B7－1／CD80 cDNA序列的对应部分仅有两个碱基存在差异（658位A→T，773位A→G），这为探讨B7－1／CD80分子的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

Cloning and sequencing of a novel class of rice homeobox

Rice genomic DNA was surveyed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect homeobox sequences. The PCR product (183 bp) was cloned and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence of a homeobox, which was isolated in this study, and designated OSIHI1, were obtained. Comparison of the encoded polypeptide sequence with other homeodomains reveals that OSIHI1 has 85% and 87% identity to that of Antp, and quail Quox1, respectively at the protein level. An alignment of the OSIHI1 amino acid sequence with homeodoma in sequences from varlous other eukaryotes shows that OSIHI1 homeodomain contains identical residues in the eight positions most conserved among homeodomains, and also contains the four invariant residues present in the putative recognition helix (helix3) Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Yi Qingming: born in Apr. 1938. Professor     

Cloning and sequencing of human cholesteryl ester transfer protein cDNA

The transfer of insoluble cholesteryl esters among lipoprotein particles is a vital step in normal cholesterol homeostasis and may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. Extrahepatic tissues lack the enzymes required for the degradation of sterols to the excretable form of bile acids. Cholesterol synthesized in these tissues in excess of that needed for the synthesis of cell membranes or steroid hormones must accordingly be returned through the plasma to the liver for catabolism. The series of reactions involved has been termed reverse cholesterol transport. Catalysed steps of this pathway are believed to include an efflux from peripheral cells, which generates a diffusion gradient between these membranes and extracellular fluid; esterification of this cholesterol by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) (phosphatidylcholine-sterol acyltransferase) acting on species of high-density lipoproteins; transfer of the cholesteryl esters formed (largely to low- and very low-density lipoproteins) (LDL and VLDL) by a cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP); and removal of these lipoproteins, together with their cholesteryl ester content, by the liver through receptor-mediated and nonspecific endocytosis. Of these steps, the CETP reaction is the least characterized. Several laboratories have reported the purification from human plasma of proteins active on cholesteryl ester transfer between lipoprotein particles and possibly between cells and plasma. However, the reported relative molecular mass (Mr), abundance and specificity of the purified activities have differed considerably. We have recently described the preparation of a highly active CETP of Mr 74,000 purified about 100,000-fold from human plasma, which may represent the functional component of earlier preparations. Using a partial amino-acid sequence from this purified protein, CETP complementary DNA derived from human liver DNA has been cloned and sequenced and the cloned DNA used to detect CETP messenger RNA in a number of human tissues.     

蜂毒肽前体蛋白cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从蜜蜂（Ａｐｉｓｍｅｌｌｉｆｅｒａ）毒腺中提取总ＲＮＡ,通过ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增得到了蜂毒肽前体蛋白的ｃＤＮＡ。扩增产物克隆到ｐＴ７Ｂｌｕ－Ｔ载体,再进一步将插入片段酶切连接到ＰＵＣ１１８载体上,构建了与β－半乳糖苷酶部分序列相融合的蜂毒肽前体蛋白表达体并转化大肠杆菌ＪＭ１０９。     

小鼠胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7原核表达载体的构建

胰岛素样生长因子结合蛋白7（简称IGFBP7）广泛存在于多种正常的组织中，但在相应的肿瘤细胞中的含量极微。试验表明，它在肿瘤发生的不同阶段抑制其生长。采用RT－PCR和Nest-PCR方法，从正常的小鼠脾脏中扩增得到IGFBP7 cDNA片段，测序正确后，克隆于融合表达载体pRSETC中构建原核表达重组体。     

Cloning and sequencing of a cDNA for a ligninase from Phanerochaete chrysosporium

Lignin is a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits. It is an essential component of woody tissue, to which it imparts structural rigidity. Lignin is remarkably resistant to degradation by most microbes; nevertheless, a few species of white-rot fungi are able to catalyse its oxidation to CO2. Its biodegradation is of great ecological significance because, next to cellulose, lignin is the most abundant renewable polymer on Earth. The first step in lignin degradation is depolymerization, catalysed by the lignin peroxidase isozymes (ligninases). These isozymes are secreted, along with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burds, under conditions of nutrient (nitrogen) limitation. Ligninases are not only important in lignin biodegradation, but are also potentially valuable in chemical waste disposal because of their ability to degrade environmental pollutants. We have undertaken the cloning of the ligninase genes to understand further their regulation and enzymology. We report here the isolation and characterization of a ligninase complementary DNA clone with a full-length insert. The cDNA sequence shows that the sequence of the mature ligninase is preceded by a 28-residue leader, and the mature protein is predicted to have a relative molecular mass of 37,000 (Mr 37K). Consistent with the classification of ligninase as a peroxidase certain residues thought to be essential for peroxidase activity can be identified and near these residues the ligninase shows homology with other known peroxidases. Our cDNA clone has also allowed us to show that expression of ligninase is regulated at the messenger RNA level.     

Cloning and sequencing of cDNA fragment of gene of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) induced by dehydration

cDNA fragment of the gene (dehydration induced,di1) of wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) induced by 30% PEG-6000 (−1.13 MPa) treatment was isolated with mRNA differential display technique. Northern blot analysis showed that the expression ofdi1 gene improved at 10 h reached the highest at 48 h under 30% PEG-6000 treatment. cDNA fragment ofdi1 gene has been cloned and sequenced (211 bp). DNA sequence analysis shows that there is no homologue in GenBank todi1 cDNA.     

福氏志贺菌ipaC基因的克隆及序列分析

为了克隆福氏志贺氏菌的ipaC基因，以志贺氏菌福氏2a菌株为摸板进行PCR，并将PCR产物插入列pMD-T载体中，得到阳性重组子，并命名为pMD-ipaC．测序结果显示，其核苷酸序列与文献报道的序列有差异，但编码的氨基酸序列相同，表明志贺氏菌的ipaC基因已被成功克隆．     

人Megalin基因四个结构域的cDNA克隆

以人肾脏组织cDNA为模板,用PCR技术克隆了编码人Megalin基因四个结构域的cDNA,并对其进行了测序.结果表明,编码人Megalin基因四个结构域的cDNA长度分别为863bp、1,008 bp、1,247 bp及1,359 bp.编码第一结构域的cDNA序列与GenBank报道的序列有99.9%的同源性,其中两个位点有差异(第457位和605位分别为C和G,而非G和A);其余三个结构域对应的基因序列与GenBank报道的序列完全相同.     

水稻半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂cDNA的克隆和序列分析比较

应用PCR技术,首次从我国水稻品种中作8604的未成熟种子中,特异地扩增并克隆测序了半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的cDNA。它共有430个核苷酸,编码102个氨基酸,序列分析表明,本文克隆的水稻半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的cDNA与水稻其他品种的同类基因的同源率均为100％;与水稻不同类型的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的同源率为61.8％;与玉米、大豆、马铃薯和紫藤同类基因的氨基酸同源率分别为66.0％、51.1％、45.9％和46.9％;与动物的同类基因相比,也有较高的同源性。