Study on metabolites of bioactive compounds assisted by LC-SPE-NMR

Aim To study the metabolites of active compound dicentrine in miniature pig.Method Solvent extraction and column chromatographic methods were used to give the metabolites containing fractions of pig urine.UV absorption,mass spectrometry and HPLC-SPE-NMR were used to identify the metabolites of dicentrine.Results Twenty-four in total,including nine phase I metabolites(MI-1～9) and 15 phase II metabolites(MII-1～15),were characterized.Conclusion Dicentrine easily metabolizes into all kinds of compounds structurally related to pig body.     

基于亲和超滤技术的天然活性物质筛选方法

药效物质与药物靶标的相互作用是其生物活性的基础,利用药物靶标亲和选择性“钩钓”其特异性配体,可以实现复杂提取物中天然活性物质分析的“精准制导”.亲和超滤是一种以上述原理为基础,将亲和捕获与超滤分离相结合以实现化合物高通量筛选的技术,具有快速、简单、高效等特点,常与液质联用等分析技术联合使用,克服了天然活性物质筛选研究面临的诸多问题,近年来被广泛应用于天然活性物质的快速靶向筛选.本文从亲和超滤技术本身的原理、影响因素及与其他分析技术的联用情况等方面,详细综述了亲和超滤技术的特点和应用现状,以期为构建天然活性物质的快速筛选策略提供科学思路和依据.     

空化水射流结合Fenton处理硝基苯废水的实验

硝基苯类化合物具有弱致突变性,且化学性能稳定,常规的废水处理方法很难使其净化。采用空化水射流结合Fenton处理硝基苯废水,研究了多种因素对硝基苯去除率的影响,通过对比分析得出,当硝基苯初始质量浓度为50mg/L,处理条件为Fe2+质量浓度40mg/L,H2O2质量浓度150mg/L,围压0.5MPa,pH值5.0,泵压10MPa时,硝基苯去除率达到95.06%;同时,通过高效液相色谱揭示了其降解机理:空化水射流促使Fenton释放出更多的HO·并加剧Fe2+的催化能力,将硝基苯直接降解或氧化,分解成链烃、有机酸等小分子有机物,并分析得出硝基苯降解中间产物为苯醌,4硝基酚,2硝基酚,对苯二酚等。     

四种柑橘果皮主要活性物质测定和抗氧化能力对比研究

以四种柑橘果皮(砂糖橘、脐橙、芦柑和蜜桔)为原料,测定柑橘皮中总多酚、总黄酮和总三萜的含量,采用DPPH法、ABTS法、清除羟自由基法对柑橘果皮甲醇提取物的抗氧化活性进行测定,并建立TOPSIS数学模型对柑橘果皮中的活性物质和抗氧化能力进行综合评定.结果表明:四种柑橘果皮的总多酚、总黄酮、总三萜含量存在显著性差异;其中...     

切缝辅助滚刀破岩临界间距试验及预测模型研究

提高坚硬岩石条件下滚刀破岩能力是隧道施工的长期追求目标,而采用水射流辅助滚刀破岩可有效降低岩石开挖难度和刀具载荷,是一种很有前景的新型破岩技术。本文针对水射流切缝辅助滚刀破岩这一方式,首先采用破岩试验验证了切缝间距对切缝辅助滚刀破岩效果的影响,证明在岩石材料、贯入度、切缝深度一定条件下,切缝辅助滚刀破岩存在一个临界间距,当切缝间距小于临界间距时,切缝侧才能发生贯通破碎;然后采用岩石剪切破坏理论分析并提出了线性化临界间距计算模型,该模型表明临界间距的大小与切缝深度L和贯入度H的差值（L-H）线性线性相关。     

关于多媒体辅助外语教学有效性的实证调查

通过在华南农业大学进行的多媒体辅助外语教学的实践和有效性调查,证明多媒体辅助外语教学确实有其优 势,但同时也存在一些值得注意的问题。     

超声辅助区域选择性氧化可德兰多糖

采用4-乙酰胺-TEMPO/NaClO/NaClO2氧化体系,以超声为辅助手段,在酸性条件下(pH=4.7)对可德兰多糖的伯羟基进行区域选择性氧化.氧化过程中,超声促进了亚硝鎓离子4-乙酰胺-TEMPO+的生成,加快了反应速率,且在同一反应时间内提高氧化产物的羧基含量约30%.红外光谱和核磁共振分析表明:在超声辅助作用下,可德兰多糖的伯羟基被成功的氧化为羧基,且氧化产物的羧基含量较无超声条件下的高.SEC-MALLS分析表明:在一定时间内,超声对氧化产物的相对分子质量及其分布影响较反应体系中活性自由基的要小,且所得氧化产物的分子更均一、分子链尺寸更小.     

Mechanical milling assisted by electrical discharge

Mechanical milling is an effective technique for the preparation of fine metallic and ceramic powders and can also be used to drive a wide range of chemical reactions. Milling devices include planetary machines, attritors and vibrational mills; products include amorphous, nanocrystalline and quasicrystalline materials, supersaturated solid solutions, reduced minerals, high-surface-area catalysts and reactive chemicals. During milling, solid-solid, solid-liquid and solid-gas reactions are initiated through repeated deformation and fracture of powder particles. A separate materials synthesis and processing technique involves reacting a material in a gas atmosphere under an electrical discharge. Here we show that the application of low-current, high-voltage electrical impulses during milling can result in both faster reactions and new synthesis and processing routes. We demonstrate the effects of glow (cold) and spark (hot) discharge milling on particle fracture for brittle, low-conductivity materials and ductile metals. Glow discharge milling was found to promote solid-gas reactions whereas spark discharge milling promotes fast fracturing, recrystallization, mineral reduction and solid-solid reactions.     

基于LMS3.0的作业辅助评改模型研究

为了解决现有算法大多只能得到作业间的相似程度,无法判定抄袭关系这一难题,在华南理工大学特色专业教学平台作业抄袭检测模块的基础上,设计了一个作业辅助评改模型.使用层次聚类方法对使用相同抄袭源的学生进行归类,并运用层次分析法对教学平台中采集的学生学习行为和学习结果数据进行加权分析,从而得出学生抄袭可能性的一个排序,为抄袭关系判定提供依据.该模型已用于华南理工大学特色专业教学平台(LMS3.0)中的作业辅助评改模块,为教师在线检查作业提供了一种快捷有效的信息化手段.     

太阳能辅助地源热泵联合供暖系统模拟研究

为了改善寒冷季节建筑物供暖能耗偏高的问题,利用太阳能光伏光热系统辅助地源热泵（PV/T-GSHP）进行联合供暖。以北京市某民用节能建筑为研究对象,利用瞬时系统模拟程序TRNSYS对PV/T-GSHP系统在供暖季（2018−11—2019−03）的应用进行了模拟分析。针对当地气象参数和系统设备性能指标,建立了4种不同的温...     

微波辅助催化净化汽车尾气

首次将微波辅助催化技术运用到汽车尾气的净化。在以高强度蜂窝陶瓷为载体的贵金属催化剂上，比较了常规作用和微波加热对催化剂活性的影响，发现微波加热明显提高了催化剂的低温活性，大大降低了其起活温度。     

Metabolic priming by a secreted fungal effector

Maize smut caused by the fungus Ustilago maydis is a widespread disease characterized by the development of large plant tumours. U. maydis is a biotrophic pathogen that requires living plant tissue for its development and establishes an intimate interaction zone between fungal hyphae and the plant plasma membrane. U. maydis actively suppresses plant defence responses by secreted protein effectors. Its effector repertoire comprises at least 386 genes mostly encoding proteins of unknown function and expressed exclusively during the biotrophic stage. The U. maydis secretome also contains about 150 proteins with probable roles in fungal nutrition, fungal cell wall modification and host penetration as well as proteins unlikely to act in the fungal-host interface like a chorismate mutase. Chorismate mutases are key enzymes of the shikimate pathway and catalyse the conversion of chorismate to prephenate, the precursor for tyrosine and phenylalanine synthesis. Root-knot nematodes inject a secreted chorismate mutase into plant cells likely to affect development. Here we show that the chorismate mutase Cmu1 secreted by U. maydis is a virulence factor. The enzyme is taken up by plant cells, can spread to neighbouring cells and changes the metabolic status of these cells through metabolic priming. Secreted chorismate mutases are found in many plant-associated microbes and might serve as general tools for host manipulation.     

Preparation of bioactive glasses with controllable degradation behavior and their bioactive characterization

Bioactive glasses and ceramics have been widely investigated for bone repair because of their excel-lent bioactive characteristics. However, these biomaterials undergo incomplete conversion into a bone-like material, which severely limits their biomedical application. In this paper, borosilicate bioac-tive glasses were prepared by traditional melting process. The results showed that borosilicate glasses possessed high biocompatibility and bioactivity. In addition, when immersed in a 0.02 mol/L K2HPO4 solution, particles of a borate glass were fully converted to HA. The desirable conversion rate to HA may be achieved through the adjustment of the B2O3/SiO2 ratio. The results of XRD and FTIR analysis indicated that the degradation product was carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite, which was similar to the inorganic component of bone.     

3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship study of organophosphate compounds

The biological effects of most organophosphate compounds (OP) are arising by inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (ACHE). The 3D-quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) on the acute toxicity to housefly (Musca nobulo L.) of 35 dialkyl phenyl phosphate compounds are studied by using comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and comparative molecular similarity index analysis (CoMSIA) methods, and the reaction mechanism between the OP and the AChE are discussed. In contrast to classical QSAR methods, CoMFA and CoMSIA, especially the combination of both approaches, can give more comprehensive and accurate perspectives on the mechanism of the reaction between OP and ACHE. The results show that the length of alkyl, and the electronegative of substituent on phenyl of OP have significant effects on the AChE activity,whereas, the hydrophobicity of OP has little influence. The steric and electronic properties of OP have a dominant influence on the reaction between OP and ACHE.     

热泵辅助的露点蒸发海水淡化装置初步研究

文章以热泵系统来代替露点蒸发海水淡化系统中的二级淡化系统,通过对普通淡化系统和热泵辅助淡化系统的模型建立,对2种系统在不同操作条件下淡水产量和造水比的变化规律进行仿真和对比。仿真结果显示,热泵辅助淡化系统的性能优于普通淡化系统,当海水流量增加时,热泵辅助淡化系统的淡水产量比普通淡化系统的淡水产量高6.6 kg/h,造水比高1.10～1.30;当海水进口温度增加时,热泵辅助淡化系统的淡水产量比普通淡化系统的淡水产量最多高10.4 kg/h,造水比高0.67～1.15。     

干热岩辅助采油可行性研究

为降低稠油热采成本,以燃烧原油生产蒸汽进行热力开采的开发方式需要改变,同时需要减少注入水对油层造成的冷伤害,因此开展了干热岩辅助采油可行性研究。干热岩辅助采油技术是利用干热岩抽取地下热能加热油层,以降低原油粘度、提高原油流动能力。在技术配套方面,无论钻深井,还是稠油热采技术,都是成熟的。干热岩的热能源于核幔边界的地热,分布广泛、清洁、可再生。研究表明,干热岩辅助采油技术针对性较强,是对现有蒸汽吞吐+蒸汽驱热采技术的有效继承,技术上具有可行性,并有可能推动相关技术的发展,符合中国节能减排的基本国策。建议在有利区块率先开展先导试验。     

食源性生物活性肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 探讨食源性生物活性肽对小鼠免疫功能的影响.方法 小鼠灌胃给予食源性生物活性肽,剂量分别为0.4 g/kg·bw,0.2 g/kg·bw和0.1 g/kg·bw,连续给药30天,观察其对小鼠细胞免疫功能、体液免疫功能、单核-巨噬细胞功能和NK细胞活性测定的影响.结果 食源性生物活性肽能够使小鼠碳廓清能力增强,提高小鼠单核巨噬细胞的吞噬功能和血清溶血素含量,但对小鼠迟发型变态反应(DTH)、小鼠脾淋巴细胞转化、NK细胞活性、抗体生成细胞的数量无明显影响.结论 食源性生物活性肽对小鼠体液免疫及单核-巨噬细胞功能测定两项试验结果均为阳性,故可判定食源性生物活性肽具有增强免疫力功能的作用.