豚草植株挥发性成分的SPME/GC-MS分析

采用固相微萃取／气相色谱联用（SPME／GC—MS）技术分析豚草的挥发性成分。从豚草挥发性成分中鉴定出51种物质,其中含量最高的为大根香叶烯D,相对含量为19．169％;其次依次为z-依兰油烯,相对含量为14．534％;γ-杜松烯,11．566％;△-杜松烯,8．206％等。其中种类最多的烯类,共36种,占总含量的82．158％,包括γ-萜品烯;α-蒎烯;delta-3-蒈烯;大根香叶烯B;γ-榄香烯;α-荜澄茄油烯;α-衣兰烯;α-古巴烯;β-波旁老鹳草烯;大根香叶烯D;z-古芸烯;α-古芸烯;z-依兰油烯;（＋）-Cyclosati-Velle;γ-杜松烯;雪松烯;β-荜澄茄油烯;α-律草烯;表-双环倍半水芹烯;γ-异荜茄澄烯;异丁子香烯;β-芹子烯;二环大根香叶烯;α-法呢烯;（-）-异喇叭烯;△-杜松烯;1S,CIS-菖蒲烯;β-柏木烯;α-藿香萜烯（薄荷烯）;α-长叶松烯;α-依兰油烯;（E,Z）-α-法呢烯;1,10-环氧-大根香叶烯D;环氧石竹烯;（-）-环氧石竹烯;香橙烯。     

固相微萃取技术分析两种芳香植物精气成分及与其精油成分的比较

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对香叶天竺葵与柠檬香蜂草的精气进行分析鉴定,并用面积归一法测定其相对含量.结果显示,在香叶天竺葵和柠檬香蜂草中分别鉴定出62和43种化学成分,分别占总精气成分的99.5%和99.9%.其中,香叶天竺葵的主要成分为香叶醇(17.8%)、愈创蓝油烃(14.6%)、d-杜松烯(12.0%)、香茅醇(8.7%),而柠檬香蜂草的主要成分则为β-石竹烯(11.4%)、异戊醇(9.5%)、月桂烯(9.0%)、3-辛酮(8.4%),顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术比动态顶空采样和热脱附/GC/MS联用技术所得到精气成分种类多,且主要成分差异性明显.与精油相比,香叶天竺葵精气与精油的共有成分为香叶醇、香茅醇、α-水芹烯、罗勒烯、芳樟醇、薄荷酮、异薄荷酮、丙酸香茅酯、α-石竹烯;柠檬香蜂草精气和精油的共有成分是甲基庚烯酮、芳樟醇、香茅醇、α-石竹烯.     

三种蒿属植物叶面腺体观察及其挥发性物质的SPME-GC-MS分析

为了解艾蒿、臭蒿和黄花蒿三种蒿属植物挥发性物质的组成,探寻其与叶面腺毛体的关系,通过顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱-质谱联用法对其化学成分进行鉴定分析比较,并利用体式荧光显微镜观察三种蒿属植物叶面腺毛体数量.结果表明:1黄花蒿挥发性物质种类和含量最多,艾蒿挥发性物质种类和含量其次,臭蒿挥发性物质种类和含量最少,三者主要成分均为单萜类化合物与倍半萜类化合物;2三种植物均含有顺-3-己烯酸乙酯、蒈烯、桉树脑、大根香叶烯、β-石竹烯;3艾蒿挥发性物质还含有罗勒烯、2,6-二甲基-1,5,7-辛三烯-3-羟基、樟脑、β-榄香烯、丁香烯、桉叶稀、杜松烯、E-环氧法尼稀,臭蒿挥发性物质还含有羟基脲、β-蒎稀、β-榄香烯、丁香烯,黄花蒿挥发性物质还含有3-己烯-1-醇、2-辛烯-4-醇、5,5-二甲基-1-乙基-1,3-环戊二烯、邻异丙基甲苯、莰烯、D-柠檬稀、β-蒎稀、E-β-法尼烯;4三种植物中黄花蒿挥发性物质种类和含量最多,其腺毛体密度也最大;艾蒿挥发性物质种类和含量其次,其腺毛体密度也处于其次;臭蒿挥发性物质种类和含量最少,其腺毛体密度也最小.     

香紫苏油化学成分的GC-MS分析

利用GC/MS联用技术对香紫苏油的化学成分进行分离分析 ,共鉴定出 6 3种化学成分 ,主要成分为邻氨基苯甲酸芳樟酯、芳樟醇、环氧石竹烯、斯巴醇、石竹烯、大根香叶烯、α -松油醇、乙酸橙花醇酯、古巴烯、莰烯、D -烯、荜澄茄油烯等 ,分析结果为产品开发、调香等提供指导 .     

香紫苏油化学成分的GC—MS分析

利用GC／MS联用技术对香紫苏油的化学成分进行分离分析，共鉴定出63种化学成分，主要成分为邻氨基苯甲酸芳樟酯、芳樟醇、环氧石竹烯、斯巴醇、石竹烯、大根香叶烯、α-松油醇、乙酸橙花醇酯、古巴烯、莰烯、D-烯、荜澄茄油烯等，分析结果为产品开发、调香等提供指导。     

桂产新鲜马樱丹叶及花的香气成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS分析

以无需溶剂的简捷的顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱法分析了广西产新鲜马樱丹叶及花的挥发性香气成分.从叶的香气中分离出44个峰,鉴定出39种化合物,占香气成分总质量的98.83%.叶的挥发性香气主要成分及其质量分数为:橙花叔醇(16.77%),β-石竹烯(16.51%),α-姜黄烯(10.50%),α-长叶松烯(9.47%),β-榄香烯(8.85%),姜烯(7.91%),α-石竹烯(6.88%),α-香柠檬烯(3.61%),松油烯(3.04%).从花的香气中分离出50个色谱峰,鉴定出个43个成分,占香气成分总质量的98.54%.花的挥发性香气主要成分及其质量分数为:β-石竹烯(13.11%),β-榄香烯(12.55%),α-长叶松烯(11.84%),姜烯(10.48%),α-姜黄烯(9.63%),α-石竹烯(5.79%),橙花叔醇(5.28%),α-香柠檬烯(4.81%),α-松油烯(3.71%).     

滇桂艾纳香茎和叶中挥发性化学成分的HS-SPME-GC-MS 分析

 采用固相微萃取法提取中草药滇桂艾纳香茎和叶中挥发性成分,经气相色谱/质谱测定其化学成分和相对含量,共鉴定了98种化学成分,茎和叶中各82种。主要挥发成分及含量为：大叶香烯 D（茎：36.59%;叶：40.87%）、香木兰烯（茎：13.20%;叶：17.00%）、顺 α 没药烯（茎：6.06%;叶：7.48%）、β 荜澄茄油烯（茎：4.83%;叶：5.85%）、γ 依兰油烯（茎：2.18%;叶：2.58%）和1,2,4a,5,6,8a-六氢-4,7-二甲基-1-（1-甲乙基）-萘（茎：2.03%;叶：2.55%）,它们都为倍半萜类化合物。本实验中发现滇桂艾纳香茎和叶的中倍半萜类化合物含量分别占挥发性成分含量的91.75%和94.52%。     

采用3种萃取纤维头的顶空固相微萃取法 萃取荜茇果穗挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法萃取荜茇果穗挥发性成分,并用GC-MS进行分析.3种萃取纤维头共萃取出49个成分,鉴定出42个成分.使用DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取纤维头时共检测出36种成分,解析鉴定出占总成分99.834%的35种成分,主要成分为β-石竹烯(17.933%)、β-毕澄茄油烯(15.892%)、十五烷(8.285%)、β-芹子烯(6.673%)和β-反式罗勒烯(6.166%)等;使用CW/DVB萃取纤维头时共检出40种成分,解析鉴定出占总成分99.622%的36种成分,主要成分为β-毕澄茄油烯(26.241%)、β-石竹烯(19.650%)、十五烷(8.523%)、β-芹子烯(6.572%)和十三烷(5.037%)等;使用CAR/PPMS萃取纤维头时检出38种成分,解析出占总成分99.515%的35种成分,主要成分为β-石竹烯(17.858%)、β-毕澄茄油烯(17.804%)、十五烷(8.409%)、β-芹子烯(6.485%)和十三烷(5.940%)等.     

用GC/MS联用技术分析香紫苏挥发油成分

水蒸汽蒸馏香紫苏花序及叶得精油0.7-1.5%。经GC/MS分析,鉴定出46种香气成分,约占出峰面积的97%,其中含量较高的为芳樟醇、α-松油醇、乙酸芳樟酯、乙酸橙花酯、乙酸香叶酯、石竹烯及β-荜澄茄油烯。     

黔产石南藤挥发油化学成分的研究

用同时蒸馏萃取法提取贵州产石南藤挥发油,利用GC-MS对其化学成分进行了分析鉴定,用气相色谱面积归一法测定了各成分的相对百分含量.共分离出72种成分,鉴定出57个化学成分,所鉴定的组分占挥发油色谱总峰面积的90.71%.其主要成分为萜类化合物,主要有:α-桉叶醇、香桧烯、γ-桉叶醇、δ-荜澄茄烯、β-丁香烯、4-松油醇、二环大根香叶烯、榧烯醇、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯、α-松油烯、橄榄醇、α-蒎烯、(-)-β-榄香烯等.     

云南产截叶铁扫帚不同药用部位挥发油成分研究

目的研究云南产截叶铁扫帚不同药用部位挥发油成分。方法通过水蒸气蒸馏法提取截叶铁扫帚中地上和地下部位的挥发油成分,通过GC-MS技术进行定性研究,确定化学成分名称及其相对含量。结果从截叶铁扫帚地上部位鉴定出53种化学成分,占挥发油总量的73.10%,主要包含酮类(23.41%)、醇类(17.6%)、烃类(11.81%)等;地下部位鉴定出19种化学成分,占挥发油总量的85.27%,主要包括醇类(62.77%)、酯类(8.57%)等,发现两者共有成分7种。结论截叶铁扫帚地上和地下部位挥发油主要成分分别是酮类和醇类,挥发油种类与含量差异较大,可为今后进一步开发利用截叶铁扫帚提供科学依据。     

Lipid modification at the N terminus of photoreceptor G-protein alpha-subunit.

Myristate is a fatty acid (fourteen-carbon chain with no double bonds, C14:0) linked to the amino-terminal glycine of several proteins, including alpha-subunits of heterotrimeric (alpha/beta gamma) G proteins. We report here a novel modification at the N terminus of the alpha-subunit of the photoreceptor G protein transducin, T alpha, with heterogeneous fatty acids composed of laurate (C12:0), unsaturated C14:2 and C14:1 fatty acids, and a small amount (approximately 5%) of myristate. Both the GTPase activity of T alpha/T beta gamma and the T beta gamma-dependent ADP-ribosylation of T alpha catalysed by pertussis toxin were inhibited by the lauroylated and myristoylated N-terminal peptide of T alpha. The myristoylated peptide gave 50% inhibition at a 3.5 to approximately 4.5-fold lower concentration than the lauroylated peptide in each assay, indicating that the strength of the interaction between T alpha and T beta gamma is altered by heterogeneous fatty acids linked to T alpha. This suggests that a looser subunit interaction in transducin which is due to an abundance of N-linked fatty acids other than myristate would favour the rapid turnover and catalysis essential for the visual excitation in photoreceptor cells.     

藜蒿挥发油化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取洞庭湖区野生藜蒿挥发油,用GC-MS法测定其化学成分和质量分数,其馏出物共鉴定出48种化合物,主要有:α-丁香烯(15.734%)、丁香烯(13.246%)、1-甲基-1-乙烯基-2-(1-甲基乙烯基)-4-(1-甲基亚乙烯基)-环己烷(9.511%)、(E)-7,11-二甲基-3-亚甲基-1,6,10-十二碳三烯(5.267%)、八氢-4a,8a-二甲基-7-(1-甲乙基)-1(2H)-萘酮(4.184%)、Z,E-2,13-十八碳二烯-1-醇(4.126%)、α-没药醇(2.950%)、(1S-内)-乙酸-1,7,7-三甲基双环[2.2.1]-2-己酯(2.845%)、吉马烯D(2.803%)等.     

Human gamma delta+ T cells respond to mycobacterial heat-shock protein

Most T cells recognize antigen through the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)alpha beta-CD3 complex on the T-cell surface. A small percentage of T cells, however, do not express alpha beta but a second type of TCR complex designated gamma delta (ref. 2). Unlike alpha beta+ lymphocytes, gamma delta+ lymphocytes do not generally express CD4 or CD8 molecules, and the nature of antigen recognition by these cells is unknown. To study antigen recognition by gamma delta+ lymphocytes we raised a gamma delta+ alpha beta- -CD4-CD8- line from an individual immune to PPD (purified protein derivative). This line showed a specific proliferative response to PPD and to a recombinant mycobacterial heat-shock protein (HSP) of relative molecular mass 65,000 (65K). The gamma delta+ line was shown to exhibit a major response to HSP in the presence of autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs). Minor responses occurred, however, with APCs matched for some HLA class I or II antigens, whereas no response occurred with HLA-mismatched APCs. These findings, therefore, document the requirement of HSP-reactive gamma delta+ lymphocytes for histocompatible APCs.     

大、小叶榄仁叶小极性成分分析

目的分析比较大叶榄仁叶和小叶榄仁叶中的小极性化学成分。方法采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用法对大叶榄仁叶和小叶榄仁叶中的小极性化学成分进行分离鉴定,运用质谱库检索系统对化合物进行结构鉴定,采用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果经过鉴定,大、小叶榄仁叶中分别鉴定出41和42种成分,各占其总量的87.04%和91.12%,其中,大叶榄仁中的主要成分是脂类33.81%、萜类32.21%、芳香族13.26%和烷烃类4.36%,含量最高的成分为植醇,占总量的25.42%。小叶榄仁中的主要成分是脂类63.9%、烷烃类12.38%、萜类9.54%和芳香族3.9%,含量最高的成分为棕榈酸乙酯,占总量的20.58%。结论大叶榄仁叶和小叶榄仁叶小极性部位的化学成分和相对含量方面均有一定差异,为鉴别大叶榄仁叶和小叶榄仁叶提供了在化学成分上面的依据。     

Resident pulmonary lymphocytes expressing the gamma/delta T-cell receptor

The biological role of cells bearing the gamma delta T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) is as yet unclear. Although there are indications that some gamma delta+ cells can mediate cytotoxicity, their antigen-related functions have not yet been defined. In the mouse, gamma delta+ cells constitute 1-3% of T cells in lymphoid organs. Intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes (IELs) and dendritic epidermal cells (DECs) also appear to carry the gamma delta TCR. The strategic locations of DECs and IELs have led to the suggestion that gamma delta+ cells could constitute a first line of defence in the vicinity of large surfaces of contact with the environment. We report here that an estimated 8-20% of resident pulmonary lymphocytes (RPLs) are CD3+ alpha beta TCR-, and presumably gamma delta TCR+. Furthermore, mice exposed to aerosols containing a Mycobacterium tuberculosis extract have an increased number of activated CD3+ alpha beta-TCR- pulmonary T cells which can be propagated in vitro.     

吉安杉木碎屑精油的化学成分分析研究

采用常压水蒸汽蒸馏法提取了吉安县杉木加工过程中产生的碎屑精油,该精油具有典型的木香香气,其中得油率为1.0%~1.5%.用GC-MS法对该油进行了定性定量分析,在分出的65个色谱峰中共鉴定出49种化合物,占精油总量的92.8%,其中含有柏木醇(39.98%)、α-柏木烯(10.17%)、雪松烯(5.59%)、乙酸柏木酯(3.35%)、5-(7a-异丙烯基-4,5-二甲基八氢化茚-4-基)-3-甲基-2-戊烯-1-醇(3.22%)、[s-(E,E)]-1-甲基-5-亚甲基-8-异丙基-1,6-环癸二烯(2.97%)、杜松醇等.     

Major histocompatibility complex-linked specificity of gamma delta receptor-bearing T lymphocytes

Several recent studies have identified a distinct subset of CD3(T3)+CD4-CD8-T lymphocytes that express a CD3-associated heterodimer made up of the protein encoded by the T-cell receptor (TCR) gamma-gene and a second glycoprotein termed TCR delta (refs 1-4). TCR gamma delta is expressed on CD3+ thymocytes during fetal ontogeny before the appearance of TCR alpha-beta (alpha beta) (refs 5-7), on CD3+CD4-CD8- adult thymocytes, and on a subset (1-10%) of CD3+ cells in adult peripheral lymphoid organs and the peripheral blood. TCR gamma delta-expressing T cells probably represent a distinct mature T-cell lineage with the capacity to proliferate in response to receptor-mediated signals, and to display non-major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytolysis. Critical to understanding the function of this T-cell subset is the identification of the ligand(s) recognized by TCR gamma delta. Here we describe an alloreactive CD3+CD4-CD8-TCR gamma delta-expressing, TCR alpha beta-negative, T-cell line that manifests MHC-linked recognition specificity for both proliferation and cytotoxicity. Our results suggest that T cells expressing TCR gamma delta are capable of self-non-self MHC discrimination and that they can undergo MHC-influenced selection during differentiation like TCR alpha beta-expressing T cells.     

A point mutation in the A gamma-globin gene promoter in Greek hereditary persistence of fetal haemoglobin

Hereditary persistance of fetal haemoglobin (HPFH) is a benign condition characterized by the production in adulthood of more than 1% fetal haemoglobin (HbF, alpha 2 gamma 2) in the absence of erythropoietic stress. Several genetic types have been discerned based on the level of HbF produced, the relative contributions of the duplicated fetal (G gamma and A gamma) globin genes, and the presence or absence of deletions involving the beta and delta genes in cis to the mutation. Greek HPFH is a non-deletion variety in which heterozygotes produce 10-20% HbF, predominantly due to overproduction of the A gamma chain. We have cloned a 40-kilobase (kb) region of the beta-globin cluster from a Greek HPFH allele and report here that a point mutation (G----A) occurs 117 base pairs (bp) 5' to the cap site of the A gamma-globin gene, just upstream of the distal CCAAT sequence. The corresponding region of the G gamma-globin gene is normal. We discuss the implications of this finding for the developmental regulation of globin gene expression.     

Genomic organization of the genes encoding mouse T-cell receptor alpha-chain

The vertebrate immune system uses two kinds of antigen-specific receptors, the immunoglobulin molecules of B cells and the antigen receptors of T cells. T-cell receptors are formed by a combination of two different polypeptide chains, alpha and beta (refs 1-3). Three related gene families are expressed in T cells, those encoding the T-cell receptor, alpha and beta, and a third, gamma (refs 4-6), whose function is unknown. Each of these polypeptide chains can be divided into variable (V) and constant (C) regions. The V beta regions are encoded by V beta, diversity (D beta) and joining (J beta) gene segments that rearrange in the differentiating T cell to generate V beta genes. The V gamma regions are encoded by V gamma, J gamma and, possibly, D gamma gene segments. Studies of alpha complementary DNA clones suggest that alpha-polypeptides have V alpha and C alpha regions and are encoded by V alpha and J alpha gene segments and a C alpha gene. Elsewhere in this issue we demonstrate that 18 of 19 J alpha sequences examined are distinct, indicating that the J alpha gene segment repertoire is much larger than those of the immunoglobulin (4-5) or beta (14) gene families. Here we report the germline structures of one V alpha and six J alpha mouse gene segments and demonstrate that the structures of the V alpha and J alpha gene segments and the alpha-recognition sequences for DNA rearrangement are similar to those of their immunoglobulin and beta-chain counterparts. We also show that the J alpha gene-segment organization is strikingly different from that of the other immunoglobulin and rearranging T-cell gene families. Eighteen J alpha gene segments map over 60 kilobases (kb) of DNA 5' to the C alpha gene.