模糊变换──正交设计法在餐具洗涤剂优化设计中的应用

用模糊变换──正交设计法对含有多种表面活性剂的餐具洗涤剂的去污力、刺激性、粘度、泡沫、成本等性质进行了研究，筛选出优化的配方组成，其主要性能（去污力等）均达到和超过国家标准。     

模糊综合评判结合响应面优化杭胎菊复合饮

对一款新型的以杭胎菊、山茱萸、知母等药食同源的原料以体积比配置的5∶3∶1新型复合饮料进行研制.本实验以各原料浸提汁作为复合饮的主料,VC、柠檬酸、蜂蜜、柠檬酸钠作为配料,用感官评价及综合模糊评分的方法对添加剂进行单因素实验,在此基础上以综合评判为指标进行响应面优化.实验结果表明：柠檬酸添加量为0.008%、蜂蜜添加量为6.60%、柠檬酸钠添加量为0.09%,以此配比研制出的复合饮具有鲜亮的色泽以及清新的香味,并且还可弥补原配比口感单一的缺点.     

工程选材的模糊综合评判及其应用

为了研究模糊综合评判在工程材料选择中的应用,以刀具材料为例,根据由专家评分得到的权重集A、模糊变换确定的单因素评判矩阵R,在5种评判因素、两种工况下,对8种经初选后的刀具材料进行模糊综合评判.结果表明,两种工况下选出的最佳刀具材料分别为Cr4Mo8V2和Al2O3陶瓷,这和采用加权性质分析法得出的选择结果一致.说明采用模糊综合评判,对众多选材因素进行定量分析,从而选出最佳材料,是工程选材的一条可行途径.     

基于模糊规则的物流中心优选评价模型

为了合理选择物流中心的地址,首先构建了物流中心选址评价指标体系,然后应用Delphi专家评分法通过集成多个专家的意见,得到各指标的相对权重和下层指标满意度区间模糊数;经过分层结合,得到诸方案各上层指标的满意度区间模糊数.综合各上层评价指标得到各方案的最后综合模糊评分.利用区间数排序方法,对所有方案进行排序,从而得到物流中心综合选择的优先顺序,为实际决策提供依据.最后通过一个实例验证了模型的有效性.     

梯形模糊理论在配送中心选址中的应用研究

该研究利用模糊线性规划的综合评价方法及算法将物流配送中心选址的单目标模糊规划模型转化为多目标决策问题.利用相关系数法,用梯形模糊数评估各待选址方案的选择标准和评价指标权重,并基于优属度系数,将约束条件中含有梯形模糊数的模糊线性规划转化为经典的线性规划进行求解,并以实例进行说明.     

工程监理服务质量的灰色模糊综合评判

为了综合考虑监理服务质量评价的模糊性与灰性,文章将监理服务质量评价体系分为5个1级指标和22个2级指标,运用层次分析法合理地确定出各指标的权重;运用灰色理论确定各指标的灰数及灰色评价权,形成灰色模糊权矩阵,进而得到灰色模糊综合评价矩阵,计算被评价对象的评分;该方法可用于评价不同项目监理服务质量的优劣.     

基于模糊变换耦合最大熵的医学图像融合算法

针对融合医学图像在过渡区微小细节及边缘信息不够清晰,边缘容易失真等问题,提出了一种基于模糊变换耦合最大熵值的多模态医学图像融合算法.首先,将待融合图像划分为大小相同的非重叠图像块,引入模糊变换对得到的图像块进行处理得到模糊子块,并利用邻域最大熵融合规则对模糊子块进行融合,获取新的融合子块;然后,将新的融合子块进行逆模糊变换,利用选择最大值融合规则,将逆变换得到的子块进一步融合生成最终融合医学图像.实验结果表明:与当前医学图像融合算法对比,本文算法在主观评价与客观评价指标边缘强度、信息熵、互信息、峰值信噪比上具有更大的优势,其融合图像边缘更加清晰,细节丰富,克服了边缘模糊与伪轮廓,更能够有效完成医学图像融合,实现了多模态医学图像信息互补.     

基于神经—模糊方法的单料烟感官质量评价专家系统

作者通过对单料烟评吸的结果与理化测定的指标参数进行分析，结合专家经验并采用神经－模糊方法，提出一种基于单料烟的理化指标对各感官参数进行分类、分级、建造单料烟感官质量评价专家系统的方法。实验表明，该系统具有学习与知识提取能力，在卷烟产品质量管理新产品开发中具有指导意义。     

窄分布十二醇醚羧酸钠盐的合成及性能

以窄分布十二醇聚氧乙烯(2)醚 (AEO2)为原料经羧甲基化法合成了窄分布十二醇醚(2)羧酸钠盐(AE2C),经单因素实验对反应温度、投料比及反应时间等参数进行探讨,得出最佳的合成工艺条件为:n(AEO2):n(ClCH2COOH):n(NaOH)=1:1.1:2.2,反应温度70℃,反应时间5h.经分离提纯后对产品进行红外结构表征和活性含量测定,并对其表面张力、泡沫性、润湿性、乳化性、钙皂分散力和去污力进行了测试.结果表明,合成的AEC阴离子活性含量为 87.38%, CMC为 0.41 mmol/L,最低表面张力为 25.4 mN/m,泡沫性(0.1% 溶液)83ml、润湿性(0.1% 溶液)5.1s、乳化性(液体石蜡)131.8s、钙皂分散力LSDP 16和去污力(0.25% 溶液)47.2%.     

响应面法优化松茸豆腐乳加工工艺

以松茸和卤水老豆腐为原料,对原料进行调味、发酵制作松茸豆腐乳.在单因素实验基础上,以感官评分为指标,运用响应曲面优化法进行配方的优化分析.结果表明:香辛料配方为辣椒粉、花椒粉、八角茴香、胡椒、姜,食盐添加量为10%,黄酒添加量为14. 1%,发酵温度为25. 5℃,发酵时间为56. 44 h,能制得风味独特的豆腐乳产品.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the