气候地貌学内容简述

本文探讨了气候地貌学的概念及气候地貌的基本特征,采用系统论的观点来说明系统输入变化所导致的系统内部形态和结构的调整。最后探讨了气候地貌区划的原则、标志、等级系统以及命名问题。     

Impacts of external forcing on the 20th century global warming

The impacts of external forcing,including natural and anthropogenic,on the 20th century global warming were assessed with the use of the Grid Atmospheric Model of IAP/LASG Version 1.1.0,fol-lowing the standard coordinated experiment design of the Climate Variability and Predictability(CLIVAR) International Climate of the Twentieth Century Project(C20C) ,Phase II. The results indicate that external forcing plays an important role in the evolution of the land surface air temperature on in-terannual,decadal,and interdecadal time scales,and contributes greatly to the global warming in the following two periods:the early twentieth century between the 1910s and the 1940s and the late twen-tieth century after the 1970s. External forcing also has strong impact on the regional temperature change during the two warming periods except for parts of the Eurasia and the North America conti-nents. In the cooling period,however,the impact of internal variability is dominant.     

温室气体控制一体化原理

<正>20世纪90年代以来,全球气候变暖,异常的气候现象频繁发生,在洪水、干旱、台风等灾难面前,人们开始认识到地球气候对人类生存和发展的重要性。研究表明,异常气候的发生主要归因于温室气体(主要有二氧化碳、甲烷、氟化物、一氧化二氮等)引发的温室效应。目前,大气中CO2的浓度为370mg/L,而工业化前的水平是     

“东亚历史气候重建国际研讨会”在京召开

为了进一步研讨东亚、特别是中国历史气候重建与历史气候模拟问题,推动中国历史气候研究进一步与国际接轨,让国际研究同行充分认识中国在国际历史气候研究中的重要性与独特性,中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所葛全胜研究员,会同美国国家科学研究顾问、PAGES科学指导委员会前主席、麻萨诸塞大学地学系主任、著名气候学家Raymond S.Bradley教授,美国纽约州立大学大气科学研究中心Wei-Chyung Wang教授共同发起并组织了“东亚历史气候重建国际研讨会”(2002年10月14～16日,北京外国专家大厦).     

Extraseasonal ensemble numerical predictions of winter climate over China

Using the nine-level Atmospheric General Circulation Model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP9L-AGCM) under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 30-year extraseasonal short-term ensemble hincast of winter climate is performed, with integrations starting from annual autumn during 1969—1998. Winter climate predictability over China is then evaluated for the first time. It follows that the predictability is higher in tropics than in extratropics. Also, it is higher over ocean compared with land, especially for surface air temperature. With height increasing in troposphere, the predictability of geopotential height slightly changes zonally, but for weakening of band-ship distribution and dropping near the date line. Of all analyzed variables, the prediction skill of air temperature and geopotential height (precipitation) is the highest (smallest). In addition, the predictability of winter climate over China and even East Asia enhances obviously during ENSO cycle, especially during La Nia phase. Simulation comparison against verifying analysis for surface temperature anomaly exhibits the model抯 skill in predicting surface temperature抯 interannual variation trend in winter.     

近年来CCA在气候分析与气候预测中的应用

详细论述了CCA方法应用于气候分析与预测中所取得的成果。着重分析了CCA方法在理论上和实践上所存在的优缺点。给出了CCA在我国汛期预报中应用的实例。     

Abrupt climate change：Debate or action

Global abrupt climate changes have been documented by various climate records, including ice cores, ocean sediment cores, lake sediment cores, cave deposits, loess deposits and pollen records. The climate system prefers to be in one of two stable states, i.e. interstadial or stadial conditions, but not in between. The transition between two states has an abrupt character. Abrupt climate changes are, in general, synchronous in the northern hemisphere and tropical regions. The timescale for abrupt climate changes can be as short as a decade. As the impacts may be potentially serious, we need to take actions such as reducing CO2 emissions to the atmosphere.     

宇宙尘埃流入量与地球气候冷暖关系分析

宇宙尘埃流入量的多少具１０万年的周期变化。宇宙尘埃流入量增加，地球气候变暖，出现间冰期环境；当宇宙尘埃流入量减少，地球气候变冷，出现冰期环境，这是由于宇宙法埃对短波辐射和长波辐射的热效应不同所致。     

厄尔尼诺对全球气候的影响

厄尔尼诺是指太平洋东部秘鲁一带海不９变暖的现象，使便于气候导演，发生洪水或干旱。     

人—气候—劳动相互作用关系的测定与分析

对机采面支柱工的劳动生理参数进行了现场实测，实验室模拟了气候负荷和劳动强度对作业人员的影响，分析得出了研究结果，并提出相应对策。     

韶关旅游气候环境及其变化分析

气候环境是一个地区旅游业发展的基本因素,文章利用韶关多年的气象统计资料,通过对各气象要素的统计分析和对有效温度的计算,定量分析了韶关市旅游气候环境,得出该市旅游气候条件的特点.在此基础上分析近55年旅游气候环境变化及其成因,为全面合理地开发利用韶关旅游气候资源提供科学依据.     

甘肃省地面常规气候资料数据库

甘肃省地面常规气候资料数据库甘肃省气象局杨瑜峰１前言随着气候问题受到各国政府和科学家们越来越多的关注,社会各个方面对气候资料的要求也越来越多、越来越高。发达国家如美国、英国、澳大利亚和前苏联都己建立了相应的气候资料库,中国气象局也建立了我国有特色的气...     

CO2增加与气候突变关系的研究：超熵产生在一维变系…

建立了变系数扩散的一维自组织非线性气候模型，取热流输系数为Ｄ（ｘ）＝Ｄ０（１－ｘ＾２），运用超熵产生理论讨论了ＣＯ２浓度地加与气候突变的稳定性关系，得到突变时ＣＯ２浓度的临界值，所得结论基本上符合近代气候变化的时间尺度特征，也与有关文献的结论一致。     

烟草气候斑点病与气候关系的分析

烟草气候斑点病是大气污染所致的非侵染性叶斑病害，也是我国烟草新的，并在１９９１年大发生的病害，但至今未见其与气候关系及大发生的污染源的研究报道。我们自１９９１年以来在本所条件下平行监测发病始见期与气候要素表明：烟株团棵感病期气温骤降是发病的主要诱因，和发病迟早，病情轻重的影响因素，进而分析广域气象背景，认定１９９１年当时的西南低纬度大气环流特征是大发生的特定污染源载体。