外形隐身改进对坦克目标电磁散射特性的影响

外形隐身是提高武器装备生存力的重要手段,为研究其对坦克的散射影响特性,提出分析外形隐身对坦克电磁散射影响的研究方法.基于某型隐身坦克,建立了隐身、常规坦克电磁模型,计算了多频、多俯仰角的雷达散射截面(radar cross section,RCS)及其减缩值,并进行了分析.结果 说明,外形隐身技术可使散射曲线向内收敛,并大幅降低坦克模型的散射强度(尤其在前后向角域);频率增加时,隐身模型的前向60°角域RCS均值逐渐减小,而减缩值增大,最高可达26.771 3 dB;俯仰角增加时,采用外形隐身后,前向RCS均值在-22.060 3～-18.608 3 dBsm振荡,在0°俯仰角外形隐身效果最好,减缩值可达24.473 4 dB,在其他俯仰角有降低趋势;外形隐身可明显改善坦克前向和后向隐身性能,并具有较强的多频、多俯仰角隐身改进作用.     

锯齿化进气道口面电磁散射影响分析

为研究锯齿化对电磁散射的影响,以两种飞翼布局为基础,建立了直线型、锯齿化进气道口面飞行器模型;采用物理光学法,数值计算了各模型在不同状态下RCS曲线,研究了锯齿化的散射分布影响及RCS减缩值的俯仰角、频率响应特性。结果表明：锯齿化进气道口面可有效降低头向、后向散射波峰,并影响其他角域波峰分布情况;俯仰角增大时,锯齿化RCS减缩值呈震荡递减趋势,不同布局不同角域上表现各异,幅值影响为10~30 dB;频率增加时,锯齿化RCS减缩值呈震荡变化,幅值影响为5~25 dB之间;锯齿化对不同布局的电磁散射影响不同,其中布局A头向30°角域的隐身性能提高最为明显,减缩值为20~30 dB。     

不同布局无人作战飞机电磁隐身性能分析

无人作战飞机是当前研究热点之一,为研究不同气动布局无人作战飞机的隐身性能,分别建立常规布局A、无尾飞翼布局B、三角形飞翼布局C的电磁模型。采用物理光学法,计算了不同状态的RCS（Radar Cross Section）散射曲线并分析了分布特点、频率及俯仰角响应特性。结果表明,无人作战飞机的电磁散射特性取决于气动布局和结构形式,也与机翼前后缘、机身、进气道、尾喷口、垂尾等细节设计相关,布局A在前后向均有散射波峰,而采用外形隐身技术的布局B、C无明显散射波峰;频率增加时,各布局不同角域RCS均值减小,布局C前向角域最低为-34.308 7 dBsm,俯仰角变化时,受布局结构外形设计影响,算术均值呈振荡变化;布局C在前、后向角域具有最好的多频隐身性能,布局B在前向角域的不同俯仰角隐身性能较好,布局A隐身性能较差。     

飞翼布局飞行器电磁散射特性计算研究

飞翼布局是飞行器的重要形式,为研究飞翼布局的电磁散射特性,以美军典型飞翼飞行器B-2、、X-45C、X-47B、X-45A为基础,分别建立了四种不同外形布局特点的电磁分析模型A、B、C、D。基于物理光学法,数值模拟了不同威胁状态的RCS计算曲线,研究了各布局RCS曲线分布特点及其俯仰角、频率响应关系。计算结果表明,沿周向RCS分布与布局结构相关,俯仰角的较小变化对曲线分布形式和幅值影响不大;频率增加时RCS幅值减小,曲线向内收敛,震荡性增加;布局B隐身性能较好,头向30°角域RCS均值在15 GHz为-46.754 d Bsm;由于结构区别,布局C、D、A隐身性能依次降低;总体来看,飞翼布局有较好的隐身性能。     

不同气动布局轰炸机电磁隐身性能对比研究

轰炸机是重要的空中武装力量,为研究其电磁隐身性能,以美军B-52、B-1B、B-2及概念机B-3为对象,分别建立了不同气动布局的轰炸机电磁模型A、B、C、D,基于物理光学法计算了不同状态的RCS(Radar Cross Section)曲线及各角域均值。结果表明,RCS曲线的分布特征与轰炸机气动布局、重要结构部件相关,同状态下A、B、C、D曲线依次向内收缩;频率增加时,布局A的RCS曲线变化较小而D曲线内陷,前向角域上布局B、C、D的RCS均值逐渐减小,后向角域上布局C、D逐渐减小;俯仰角对布局A散射曲线影响较大,其前后向峰值减小变窄,布局A的RCS均值较高,B、C、D较低,具有较好隐身性;布局A隐身性较差,B有提高,C、D具有优秀隐身性能。     

MLFMA用于不连续特征多频散射特性研究

对隐身飞行器、坦克等武器系统,缝隙等不连续特征对RCS的减缩和控制具有重要影响.基于混合场积分方程,开发出了多层快速多极子算法程序,通过将金属球双站RCS级数解、三缝隙实测曲线分别与多层快速多极子算法(Multilevel Fast Multipole Algorithm,MLFMA)计算曲线进行对比,验证了程序的正确性,说明其可用于飞行器表面不连续特征研究.采用数值方法详细研究了单缝隙、三缝隙电磁散射与入射电磁波频率的变化关系.数值计算结果表明,入射电磁波频率增加时,对单缝隙,电磁散射增强,雷达散射截面算术均值增加,其中掠入射角域内的均值增加最为明显;同时单缝隙的散射曲线相似、次波峰向外偏移;对三缝隙,除具有单缝隙的特性外,还表现为相互耦合性、曲线振荡增强,通过分析认为3个单缝隙散射不同相位的相互叠加导致了其散射的耦合性,入射频率增加时,散射叠加的峰值位置发生相应变化,表现为耦合作用和振荡作用更加明显.该结论可以用来进行飞行器表面的缝隙散射的减缩设计,从而有效提高飞行器的隐身性能.     

基于MLFMA的飞行器电磁散射特性分析

文章通过计算结果与测试结果、金属球双站RCS的Mie级数解结果的对比,证明开发的多层快速多极子算法程序可用于飞行器不同布局电磁散射特性研究;采用该算法求解分析几种飞行器典型布局沿方位角变化时的电磁散射特性,由不同角域内的算术均值、曲线趋势研究了各种布局的优缺点和相应的作战任务;从飞行器外形结构出发,分析了RCS曲线分布的原因,并提出根据作战任务进行飞行隐身设计的思想。     

基于辐射散射一体化技术的低RCS贴片天线阵列设计

提出并设计了一种基于辐射散射一体化技术的4×4低RCS贴片天线阵列,该阵列由2种辐射特性相似、反射相位相差180°的天线单元组成。利用遗传算法优化得到散射场在各方向均匀分布的非周期阵列结构,有效减小了天线阵的峰值RCS。仿真结果表明:天线阵列的增益在16dBi以上;法线方向x极化波照射时,单站RCS减缩频带为8～15.9GHz,最大减缩量为17.1dB;y极化波照射时,单站RCS减缩频带为9.5～16GHz,最大减缩量为13.1dB。测试结果与仿真拟合较好。该阵列集超材料和贴片天线于一体,利用天线单元自身相位差有效降低了其RCS值,为降低天线阵列RCS提供了一种新的方法。     

外形修形对球面收敛矢量喷管RCS的影响

航空发动机是飞行器后向电磁散射的主要贡献源,对其采用雷达散射截面积缩减措施能够有效地提升飞行器后向隐身性能。球面收敛矢量喷管能够满足新一代战斗机对于机动性和隐身性的综合需求。基于迭代物理光学法,研究了对喷管扩张段进行不同角度斜切、修齿后球面收敛矢量喷管的后向雷达散射截面积分布。研究结果表明：斜切在俯仰平面上的RCS缩减能力较强,斜切角度为30°具有最佳的RCS缩减效果;修齿修形能够在两个探测面均体现较好的RCS缩减能力,发动机出口齿角为100°时具有最佳的RCS缩减效果;对航空发动机进行外形修形需要在飞机设计阶段进行综合考虑。     

基于FDTD的二维舰船RCS的计算

建立以某舰船为参照的艏向与正横向的近似二维模型,基于二维时域有限差分法计算舰船的艏向与正横向在不同频率入射波情况下的雷达散射截面,并根据计算结果对某舰船的雷达隐身特性进行分析．此方法能用于分析现有舰船的电磁散射特性,也能用来预估和优化未来武器系统对目标的电磁散射特性要求,为日后舰船RCS预估计提供依据．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has