响应面法优化莲子低聚糖超声波辅助提取工艺

采用响应面分析法对超声辅助提取莲子低聚糖工艺参数进行优化.研究了超声波功率(300～500 W)、料液比(g/mL)1∶15～1∶25和提取时间(30～50 min)对超声辅助提取莲子低聚糖得率的影响,对实验数据进行回归分析,优化工艺参数.结果表明:超声辅助提取各试验因素对莲子低聚糖得率的影响次序为料液比超声波功率提取时间.优化所得莲子低聚糖超声波辅助提取较佳工艺参数为:超声波功率320 W,液料比1∶25,提取时间48 min,在该条件下,低聚糖得率为1.13%.与热回流提取法和微波辅助提取法相比,超声辅助提取法使莲子低聚糖得率分别提高66.18%和29.88%.     

匀浆辅助水浴法提取雪莲果低聚糖的工艺研究

研究了匀浆预处理在从雪莲果中提取低聚糖的应用,详细考察了传统水浴浸提中浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比以及匀浆转速和匀浆时间对低聚糖提取率的影响,并对这5个工艺参数进行了优化。结果表明,匀浆辅助水浴法提取雪莲果中低聚糖的最佳工艺条件为：匀浆转速2500 r/min,匀浆时间90 s,提取温度80℃,提取总时间3 h,液料比1∶20.     

花椰菜茎叶渣提取水不溶性膳食纤维及其脱色工艺的研究

本研究以提取叶蛋白后的花椰菜茎叶渣为原料,采取化学法提取水不溶性膳食纤维(IDF),研究不同p H、碱浸温度、碱浸时间、酸浸温度、酸浸时间对花椰菜茎叶IDF提取率的影响,并利用H2O2对提取出的IDF进行了脱色研究,探讨不同H2O2质量分数、料液比、反应温度、反应时间对脱色效果的影响,以及不同细度的花椰菜茎叶IDF的性质变化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为碱浸p H10、碱浸温度50℃、碱浸时间50min、酸浸温度40℃、酸浸时间60min,该工艺条件下IDF提取率达91.31%;最佳脱色工艺为:H2O2体积分数7%,料液比(g/m L)1/80、脱色温度40℃、脱色时间为4 h,在此条件下漂白得到的IDF的白度达81.79;IDF粉碎过80目筛后,持水力和膨胀力达到最大,分别为8.37g/g和8.23 m L/g。     

葡萄籽油的提取和精炼工艺研究

对葡萄籽油提取和精炼工艺进行了研究.结果表明,在文中的试验条件下,葡萄籽油浸提最佳工艺条件是:石油醚为浸提剂,葡萄籽粒度60目、含水量7.0%、料液比1 g∶7 mL、温度70℃、浸提时间4h.葡萄籽油精炼工艺条件是:碱炼初温45℃,碱液浓度9.50%,超碱用量0.3%;水化加水量2%,水化时间分别为1.0、0.5 h;二次脱色工艺为活性脱色白土,加量第1次1%,脱色时间30 min、脱色温度80℃,第2次加量1%,脱色时间15 min,温度85℃,真空度0.08 MPa;在真空度0.08 MPa、温度180℃、脱臭时间1 h条件下可以脱除葡萄籽油中的臭味成分,保持葡萄籽的固有香味.     

红柳制备低聚木糖和纤维低聚糖的研究

以固沙先锋植物红柳为原料,经蒸汽爆预处理,采用纤维素酶法水解制备低聚木糖和纤维低聚糖。将100g红柳于温度200℃、维压时间3 min条件下蒸汽爆破处理,蒸爆液中获得8.74 g低聚木糖,低聚木糖得率49.80%。红柳蒸汽爆破物料在用碱量25%(以Na2O计)、固液比1∶6(g/m L)、硫化度30%、160℃电加热油浴锅中处理90 min,木质素脱除率96.20%,纤维素回收率82.80%。蒸汽爆破-硫酸盐处理红柳于底物质量分数5%、50℃、p H为4.8条件下,经酶用量为20μmol/(min·g)的低β-葡萄糖苷酶活力纤维素酶三段水解24 h,纤维低聚糖得率49.03%,纤维素酶对纤维低聚糖的选择性60.09%。蒸汽爆破预处理适用于红柳制备低聚木糖,三段水解技术有利于预处理红柳渣制备纤维低聚糖,选择性高。     

甘油酸提取过程中活性炭脱色工艺研究

本文研究了微生物法提取甘油酸工艺中不同因素(活性炭添加量、脱色温度、脱色时间等)对活性炭脱色效率和甘油酸提取损失率的影响.单因素实验结果表明,活性炭添加量大小、脱色温度高低和脱色时间长短等3种因素对活性炭的脱色率以及甘油酸的提取率均有不同程度的影响.利用正交实验研究3种显著因素之间的相互作用,实验结果表明,当活性炭的用量为5%,甘油酸发酵液的脱色温度最佳值为50℃,脱色时间最佳值为30min时,甘油酸发酵液中活性炭的脱色率最终可以高达90.59%,甘油酸提取损失率可达到11.45%.     

阳极液提取Mn~(2+)和NH_3-N的影响因素及其分析

以阳极液作为提取剂,从电解锰渣中提取Mn2+和NH3-N,考察了液固比、反应温度和反应时间等3个因素对Mn2+和NH3-N提取效果的影响.实验结果表明,阳极液对Mn2+的提取效果明显优于对NH3-N的提取效果.Mn2+的最佳提取条件是液固比(mL/g)为10∶1,在50℃下反应30min,提取率达72.1%;NH3-N的最佳提取条件是液固比为10∶1,在50℃下反应40min,提取率达45.6%.动力学研究表明,阳极液对电解锰渣中Mn2+的提取反应符合拟一级动力学方程,而对NH3-N的提取反应符合拟二级动力学方程.     

红树植物老鼠簕多糖的提取和初步纯化的研究

对老鼠簕多糖的提取和初步纯化工艺进行了研究,通过探讨料液比、提取时间、提取温度和提取次数对老鼠簕多糖提取率的影响,并在单因素的基础上进行正交试验来确定最佳提取条件.结果表明:提取多糖最佳条件未料液比(树枝:水)为1:35,90℃水浴提取3h,提取次数为3次,多糖提取率达到1.14%.使用不同树脂(D001,D301,D201,ADS-8)对老鼠簕粗多糖进行初步纯化,结果表明D301脱色脱蛋白效果最好,并可将纯度提高到35.6%.     

蒲公英生物碱提取工艺的研究

对蒲公英生物碱的提取工艺进行优化.溶剂提取法的最佳条件为:乙醇浓度:80%,料液比(miv):1:12,提取2次,提取时间/次:2.5h,提取温度:50℃.在该条件下,蒲公英生物碱的提取率为0.063%.超声波提取法的最佳条件为:超声波频率:60Hz,提取时间/次:35min,提取2次,料液比(m/v):1:9,提取温度:50℃,乙醇浓度:70%,在该条件下蒲公英生物碱提取率为0.380%,比溶剂提取法的提取率至少提高了503%.     

假酸浆多糖提取纯化工艺的研究

以假酸浆籽为原料,采用水提法、超声波提取法、微波提取法提取假酸浆多糖,经对各提取过程比较分析可知水提法为最优提取方法,提取条件为料液比1∶55、温度80℃、时间3 h,提取率为6.18%.将水提法得到的假酸浆多糖浓缩液通过醇沉、脱蛋白、脱色等工艺进行纯化,确定了最佳的提取纯化工艺.在最佳的条件下,醇沉后多糖的量可达80.5%,蛋白质脱除率可达70.8%,脱色率可达91.0%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with