中微子静止质量测量新方法及讨论

选用母核和子核的自旋都不为零的原子核放置在超低温并外加强磁场条件下来实现原子核极化，由测量沿外磁场方向时光子的计数和沿外磁场相反方向时光子的计数来确定中微子的螺旋值，进而确定中微子是否有静止质量．在现有的实验条件和不考虑其它误差的情况下，中微子的静止质量不等于零．     

光子质量对电磁场理论的影响

光子静止质量为零 ,是麦克斯韦理论成立的前提假设。如果假设不成立 ,即光子静止质量不为零 ,麦克斯韦方程必须改写。本文首次从相对论质量、动量关系出发 ,修正库仑定律和麦克斯韦方程 ,并对由此引起的一系列奇特的电磁现象进行讨论。     

一类正能量相对论波动方程

本文给出了一类新的相对论波动方程,描述静止质量不为零的一些粒子,并讨论了该方程的基本特点和性质.     

光子的质量与光速的下限

假设光子质量不为零,最直接的物理效应是真空中的光速不再是不变的,随频率的增大,光速的上限等于常数c.理论上,这一假设面对的一个困难是,它不能令人信服地回答,随着频率的减小,光速应该怎样变化.应用量子电动力学中已有的理论成果,该文指出,即使光子的质量不为零,随着频率的减小,光速也不会无限地变小并趋近于零,而是有一个仅仅略低于常数c的、确定的下限值((=)0.89 c).进而推论,光速的下限((=)0.89 c) 就是静电场的传播速度.     

噪声平均值不为零时的信号误差概率分析

本文讨论最佳接收机的信号误差概率。传统的误差分析方法中 ,假定噪声为零平均值的高斯随机噪声。在这篇文章中 ,我们讨论高斯噪声平均值不为零时 ,最佳接收机的信号误差概率。计算结果表明 ,如果噪声的平均值不为零 ,将会增加信号的误差概率。     

拉曼雷达测量大气二氧化碳浓度回波信号误差分析

拉曼雷达探测二氧化碳的后向散射回波信号十分微弱,有效分析信号的误差非常重要. 从理论上分析了拉曼激光雷达探测二氧化碳气体的回波信号误差的计算方法,推导计算了二氧化碳浓度信号的混合比,得到了影响信号误差的3种因素,并对各因素进行了理论计算,从实验上对信号误差进行了数据验证. 将理论值与实验数据进行对比,确定信号采集过程中造成的数据误差小于10%,并随距离的增加而增加;大气透过率相对函数的误差约为2%;标定常数的误差小于5%.      

超快演化光场的含时二阶关联特性研究

基于蒙特卡洛(Monte Carlo)算法,模拟并分析了超快演化发光动力学过程中的光子探测事件;研究了含时光子二阶关联函数的数值计算方法,以及多种误差因素对光子二阶关联函数的影响.结果表明,同步时间抖动(初始时刻漂移)使得在初始时刻光强剧烈变化区域的含时二阶关联函数值显著偏大,同时导致了时间积分的二阶关联函数在任意时间延迟下的值偏大.背景光子计数的存在使得热态光的零延迟二阶关联函数值明显地趋近于1.该研究为复杂光场的光子二阶关联函数的理论研究提供了一种简化模拟方法,并为后续进行超高时间分辨的光子二阶关联实验测量提供了理论支持和数值分析方法.     

噪声平均值不为零时的信号误差概率分析

本讨论最佳接收机的信号误差概率，传统的误差分析法中，假定噪声为零平均值的高斯随机噪声，在这篇章中，我们讨论高斯噪声平均值不为零时，最佳接收机的信号误差概率。计算结果表明，如果噪声的平均值不为零，将会增加信号的误差概率。     

光子回波的求解及其应用

为了深入理解光子回波产生的物理机制,通过采用预报-校正四阶龙格-库塔数值法求解非均匀展宽二能级体系的Maxwell-Bloch方程,建立了准确计算薄样品和厚样品介质光子回波信号强度的方法。得到了二脉冲、三脉冲和多脉冲光子回波信号的强度特性,并研究了弛豫时间、初始入射光脉冲的面积、失谐量以及样品的厚度等对光子回波信号的影响,进一步研究了编码脉冲在数据存储和读取中的应用。计算结果很好地显示了光子回波信号的特性,所建立的方法对光子回波信号的求解具有普适性。     

电阻箱零值电阻的误差分析

电阻箱是电磁学实验中的重要实验器材．实验中,计算实验误差时常常不考虑电阻箱零值电阻所引起的误差．而实际上,存放一段时间的电阻箱其零值电阻将大大超过原来的额定零值电阻．用这些电阻箱去做实验时,会对实验数据正确性造成一定影响．在用电阻箱代替高值电阻时,其影响比较微小可以忽略,而用电阻箱代替低值电阻时,电阻箱零值电阻造成的误差是比较大的,所以在实验中就要对其进行测量并修正.为了使电阻箱保持比较正常的零值电阻,必须按照正确的方法来保存电阻箱．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the