基于IACO-PID的空调房间温度控制优化

空调房间温度控制器受外界环境干扰大,具有时变性和非线性,传统控制方法难以获得高精度的控制效果,为此提出一种基于改进蚁群算法优化PID的空调房间温度控制优化方法(IACO-PID).首先分析当前空调房间温度控制器存在的不足,然后采用蚁群算法对空调房间温度控制器控制参数求解,并针对蚁群算法的不足进行改进,最后采用仿真对比实验测试改进蚁群算法优化PID的优越性.实验结果表明,改进蚁群算法优化PID空调房间温度控制器的控制精度高,抗干扰能力强,具有较快的响应速度.     

基于模糊控制算法的热压炉温度控制系统的设计与研究

温度控制系统具有非线性、参数时变、大惯性、迟滞系统等特性。基于模糊控制算法对控制对象具有很好的逼近作用,将模糊控制理论和PID控制两者结合起来,设计出模糊PID控制器。将模糊PID控制器应用到热压炉温控系统中,满足热压炉对温度控制的性能要求。利用Matlab软件对温度控制系统进行建模和仿真,结果表明基于模糊PID控制的温度控制系统具有较好的动态响应和稳定性。     

模糊反馈增量式比例积分微分油气悬架控制

为了提升工程车辆的行驶平稳性,以工程车辆油气悬架为研究对象,以车身加速度为主要优化目标,设计了基于模糊反馈的增量式PID油气悬架控制系统。对被动悬架,增量式PID和模糊反馈增量式PID控制器进行仿真,对车身垂向加速度,车轮动载荷,悬架动挠度和控制力四个指标进行分析。选取C级路面和车辆行驶速度作为油气悬架系统输入激励,在降低车身垂直加速度的前提下,着重解决增量式PID控制器存在的问题。仿真结果表明,与传统被动悬架系统相比,基于模糊反馈的增量式PID控制油气悬架系统的车身垂向加速度的均方根值降低52%、悬架动挠度降低24%、车轮动载荷降低了44%。与增量式PID相比,悬架动挠度降低了69%,且基于模糊反馈的增量式PID控制器相比较于传统增量式PID控制器其输出控制力降低了86%。因此可以证明,基于模糊反馈的增量式PID控制器,不仅可以提升油气悬架系统综合动态性能,对改善车辆行驶的平顺性和操作稳定性,具有较好的应用前景,且其在经济性和环保性方面同样更具优势。     

专家PID温度控制算法在智能石墨消解仪中的应用

智能石墨消解仪是一种新型的湿法消解设备,能满足控温消解的要求。本文以智能石墨消解仪为研究对象,根据控温消解的特点,采用专家控制和增量式PID相结合的方法,并引入智能积分,设计了一种温度控制算法。MATLAB仿真和实际应用表明,该算法完全适用于石墨消解仪的温度控制,并取得了良好的控制效果。     

基于FPGA的增量式PID智能湿度控制器的设计

该设计运用增量式PID算法在FPGA内实现智能湿度控制系统中的控制核心模块。增量式PID算法相比传统的PID算法具有计算误差对控制量影响小,手动自动无冲击切换,可靠性高等优点。且基于FPGA进行硬件电路设计方法相比对单片机采用软件编程的方法来实现PID控制在控制精度、速度、稳定性等多个方面具有不可比拟的优势。     

基于模糊PID算法的回转窑控制系统改造

针对某公司镍冶炼系统PID控制器依靠人工操作经验进行参数整定从而导致冶炼过程不稳定的问题,在传统增量式PID控制算法的基础上,基于模糊控制理论将回转窑控制器设计改造成一种新的变速积分模糊PID控制器,并给出了镍铁回转窑PID控制器的结构和PID参数的详细整定方法,在设计中,比例系数Kp、微分系数KD用模糊方法进行自整定,而积分参数KI采用变速积分PID算法进行调节.通过在MATLAB环境下对该模糊PID控制器进行仿真,验证了该算法是有效的.     

基于Quartus II的数字PID控制模块设计与仿真

针对基于常规微处理器的数字PID控制器在环境恶劣的情况下出现程序跑飞,笔者介绍了一种基于Quartus II的数字PID控制器的实现方法,该模块是直流电机转速控制器中最核心的模块,采用软件平台QuartusⅡ与DSP Builder结合的方法设计了PID控制模块,并给出了仿真结果,从而验证了数字PID控制器的算法正确性.     

基于神经网络PID控制的聚合温控负荷优化调度

本文设计了基于BP神经网络的温控负荷控制系统,实现了智能电网中的需求侧频率调节辅助服务。针对控制系统中的控制器部分,设计了基于神经网络的PID控制器,通过BP算法对控制器的3个参数进行实时在线优化调整,并利用温控负荷的温度设定值调节策略,减小了聚合温控负荷的跟踪误差,改善了系统的性能,提升了频率调节服务质量。仿真结果表明,所设计的神经网络PID控制器可以有效地提高频率调节信号的跟踪精度。     

基于数字PID和89C52单片机的恒温控制器设计与实现

为了实现对抗酸染色加热过程的温度控制,设计制备了一种恒温控制器,以STC89C52单片机为主控制器,采用DS18B20检测温度,利用数字PID算法和PWM输出控制双向可控硅开关通断。应用表明,该恒温控制器在设定的目标温度和恒温时间范围内,温度控制精确、稳定,操作简便,在抗酸染色实验恒温装置中得到了良好应用。     

碳纤维生产的微机温度控制系统设计

本文介绍了碳纤维生产的微机温度控制系统的输出接口设计方法及控制算法的设计思想,简述了微机 SCR 全数字化直接相位控制技术在温度控制中的应用。文中提出了增量式模糊控制的概念,给出一种易于用低挡次微机实现的智能自适应控制算法,即 PID—增量式模糊自适应控制算法。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.