基于GIS的云南省海子沟流域泥石流危险性评价

在分析研究泥石流灾害特征的基础上,指出海子沟泥石流的爆发主要受到松散堆积物、坡度、降水、地质、植被等因素影响.据此,建立起泥石流爆发危险性评价数据库、知识库和危险性评价数字环境模型.在ArcGIS的支持下对所选取因子进行详细分析,得到海子沟流域泥石流危险性评价图,为海子沟流域泥石流防治工程提供了重要的依据.     

基于GIS的泥石流侵蚀特征分析——以文家沟为例

5.12汶川地震导致四川部分地区大规模泥石流爆发,其爆发规模和特征都不同于以往的泥石流,为了进一步研究震后泥石流的特征并揭示其现象,选取了位于绵远河流域的文家沟作为研究对象。主要利用ARCGIS平台对灾前灾后DEM数据进行对比,从主沟道的坡度及下切深度、沟谷形态的变化和区域侵蚀三个方面来分析文家沟泥石流的特征,解释了文家沟泥石流侵蚀过程和深切拉槽现象,为今后泥石流灾害评估、侵蚀过程分析及防治工程提供依据。     

基于三参Weibull分布的泥石流降雨动态预警模型

降雨是触发泥石流灾害的重要因素。现有的泥石流预警模型多为半定量的预警,通过划分不同的预警级别来预报灾情,没有做到任意时刻泥石流爆发的定量计算。通过分析文家沟5次大型泥石流灾害的降雨数据,引入泥石流爆发降雨驱动指标RTI并运用三参Weibull分布确定了绵竹市清平镇文家沟泥石流的降雨阈值,提出了计算任意雨量下的泥石流的瞬时发生概率。最后通过Weibull分布结果和泥石流堆积方量的计算值拟合出文家沟泥石流爆发概率和堆积方量的关系。该模型不仅实现了文家沟泥石流灾害的动态定量预警,同时也给出了任意概率下泥石流堆积方量的域值区间。最后以2012.8.13文家沟泥石流事件为例验证了该模型,说明三参Weibull分布可以用于泥石流分析并建立预警模型,可将此法推广到其他地质灾害的分析及预警中。     

四川省西昌大桥沟泥石流及其工程危害性评价

大桥沟位于四川省西昌市拟建官地水电站大坝下游。现对该沟沟口堆积扇的成因及流域内泥石流的发育特征及其形成条件作了详细研究 ,用地质地貌演化分析法 ,评价预测了泥石流的发展趋势及其危害性 ,分析了主沟爆发泥石流的可能性 ;并针对泥石流对官地水电站进出场施工公路及发电厂房尾水的危害性 ,提出了适当的防治对策     

牛塘沟泥石流发育特征及危险性评价

牛塘沟为寿江左岸一级支流,近年来频繁发生泥石流地质灾害,尤其以2011年8月20日爆发规模最大,对沟口水磨中学及附近居民的生命财产安全构成了巨大威胁。通过现场勘查分析,总结了牛塘沟泥石流孕灾背景及泥石流发育特征,分析了泥石流的形成条件和成因机制,并在计算泥石流动力学特征参数的基础上进行了泥石流危险性评价。研究表明:汶川地震提供的丰富的松散物源是泥石流发育的主要条件;牛塘沟具备灾害链效应、高频、主支沟群发等典型的震后泥石流特点;危险性评价结果表明,在暴雨频率为10%以上,可能会堵塞寿江,属于高危险性泥石流。     

喜德县“6.4”山火泥石流灾害特征与防治建议

近年来,四川省凉山州森林火灾频发,导致滑坡和泥石流等次生山地灾害的发生。选择中坝村山火泥石流为对象,结合无人机技术、实地调查、室内分析试验等方法,分析了中坝村拉达沟泥石流的灾害特征、运动学参数及形成机制等。结果表明：拉达沟泥石流容重为1.74 t/m³,属于稀性泥石流;拉达沟泥石流中较大石块的冲击力为284.59 kN,泥石流的流量为89.3～107.16 m³/s,平均流速为8.93 m/s;采用单沟泥石流危险度评价方法求得其危险度为0.218。据此预测了拉达沟在未来爆发泥石流的可能性较小,并提出了几点减灾建议,为山区森林火灾及次生灾害的综合防治提供借鉴。     

青海省牛犁壕沟泥石流动力学特征及危险性评价

在对牛犁壕沟进行野外调查的基础上,通过对牛犁壕沟泥石流发育特征、成因分析、动力学特征参数计算及危险度评价研究,认为该沟属于中等危险的泥石流沟,还有爆发泥石流的可能性,并提出了"上游稳坡固源拦挡、中下游排导"的工程治理措施。     

陇南市招待所沟泥石流危险度评价及防治

甘肃省陇南市招待所沟历史上曾经爆发过多次泥石流灾害,造成了巨大的经济损失和环境破坏.受5·12汶川地震影响,招待所沟流域内地质环境发生了显著的变化,泥石流危险进一步增加.引用目前使用较广的单沟泥石流危险性评价模型对招待所泥石流沟进行危险性评价,评价结果为中度危险性泥石流,根据评价结果提出了泥石流防治方案建议.     

基于树木年代学的冰川型泥石流灾害历史重建方法-以西藏天摩沟为例

藏东南帕隆藏布流域冰川型泥石流规模大、数量多。天摩沟是帕隆藏布左岸一级支流,最近20年多次爆发冰川型泥石流,重复堵江并形成长1.5 km左右的堰塞湖。冰川型泥石流事件爆发时间和规模的确定对山区泥石流防灾减灾意义重大。本文基于树木年代学方法,通过分析树木年轮损伤组织、生长抑制和释放动态,重建天摩沟60年来的泥石流事件的时空分布;从树木生长扰动强度等方面探讨泥石流的流动范围和沟道溯源侵蚀过程;并通过Wit指数进一步分析泥石流发生时间和日降雨及气温之间的关系。结果表明天摩沟在1965、1970、1976、2007、2010和2018年爆发过泥石流,与2007年以来的有记录的泥石流事件吻合,印证了通过年轮损伤组织、生长抑制和释放等参数重建泥石流事件的可行性;Wit指数的变化表明树木年轮的生长释放和抑制滞后于泥石流事件1-3年,并与泥石流规模成正相关。     

碱坪沟泥石流运动模型

针对碱坪沟特殊的地理环境和地质条件,通过室内模型实验,研究不同降雨强度下入渗强度变化规律。结合入渗规律,建立适用于碱坪沟泥石流的一维运动模型。该模型在圣维南方程组的基础上,考虑沟谷两侧向中心汇流和入渗因素,并用Preissmann四点隐格式差分方法对方程组进行计算。根据"8.13"碱坪沟泥石流爆发当天的小时降雨量,计算泥石流爆发过程中的流速和流深变化情况,并与监测资料进行对比验证。研究结果表明:该模型较好地反演了"8.13"碱坪沟泥石流运动过程中的参数变化情况。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has